Lub voj voog hauv cov ntawv nyeem - nws yog dab tsi? Lub ntsiab lus, txhais thiab piv txwv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cycle yog ib lo lus uas muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus. Yog tias koj ua tib zoo saib ib ncig, nws hloov tawm tias txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb no raug rov ua dua, pib nrog ib puag ncig. Puas yog qhov hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm lub caij nyoog yog lub voj voog? Undoubtedly! Kev nce thiab poob ntawm kev vam meej kuj raug rau cov cai no. Kev hloov ntawm tiam neeg, yug thiab kev tuag - txhua yam yuav rov ua dua tshiab, vim lub voj voog yog kev xaiv rau rov ua dua ib yam dab tsi.

lo lus no yuav hais li cas?

Lo lus Latin "cycle" txhais tau tias lub voj voog. Cov xwm txheej rov ua dua, cov txheej txheem, qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev ua, kev xav - txhua yam tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau lub voj voog ntawm kev ua. Peb tau accustomed rau lunar thiab solar rebirths, peb txais lub voj voog kev cob qhia, peb raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ib tug lawm dhia demographic nkhaus. Txhua yam txhim kho raws li txoj cai no.

Lub voj voog nyob qhov twg?

Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj kev txhim kho kev lag luam yog hu ua lub voj voog nyiaj txiag. Cov ntaub ntawv Macroeconomic lees paub lawv tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tab sis nws tau nyob ntawm no tias lub tswv yim tau yug los tias qhov no yog kev txav mus losspirals, uas yog, tsis khiav hauv lub voj voog, tab sis kev vam meej ntawm txhua qhov tshiab. Txhua lub voj voog nyiaj txiag muaj qee yam sib xws nrog lwm tus, tab sis nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Muaj ntau hom kev lag luam sinusoids, txhua tus kws tshawb fawb sim tiv thaiv nws qhov kev xav. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab nrov yog 10-xyoo kev lag luam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis nco qab Karl Marx nrog nws Peev.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tus kws tshawb fawb Israeli hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev tswj hwm txoj kev xav Adizes ua tib zoo kawm thiab piav qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub neej voj voog ntawm ib lub koom haum, luam tawm ob phau ntawv ntawm lub ncauj lus no. Nws cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb sim cuam tshuam lub neej txoj kev rov qab tsis kawg nyob rau hauv tsawg kawg ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub neej.

Hauv suab paj nruag, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, looping yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ua haujlwm. Repeatable melody ntawm couplets-refrains nyob rau hauv pej xeem tunes, meej lub koom haum ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv classical compositions (ntxiv rau refrains, reprises). Thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm daim ntawv, suab paj nruag creations series (sonata, symphony), thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ("Seasons", albums ntawm thematic nkauj). Tej zaum lub voj voog suab paj nruag yog qub raws li qhov nws tus kheej.

Cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev ncig

Dab tsi yog lub voj voog hauv cov ntaub ntawv - lub ntsiab lus nyuaj piav qhia. Lawv pib saib ze rau nws tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem thiab pom nws txawm nyob rau hauv myths xwb thiab legends. Niaj hnub no linguists thiab philologists txhais lub tswvyim no li cas?

Wikipedia: lub voj voog hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog ib zaj dab neeg uas tsim los ntawm ib tus kws sau nrog lub ntsiab lus sib xws. Ua piv txwv, Turgenev's "Notes of a Hunter", dab neeg txog Sherlock Holmes (Conan Doyle),nyob rau hauv lus dab neeg - epics txog Lavxias teb sab heroes, nyob rau hauv paj huam - Blok's "Snow Mask".

phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov lus sau: ib lub voj voog hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog kev sib txuas ntawm kev kos duab los ntawm ib hom ntawv, cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus (ib tus phab ej, ib lub sijhawm). Piv txwv: Shakespeare's dramatic chronicles, Byron's Jewish Melodies.

Literary encyclopedia: ib tug series ntawm tej hauj lwm nrog ib tug ntau zajlus thiab tib cov cim - qhov no yog ib tug voj voog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv tag nrho ntaus nqi nws mus rau qhov qub txeeg qub teg, Lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, lawv hais txog qhov tshiab - nws tshwm sim. Repeatability tau pom nyob rau hauv cov paj huam - "Iliad", "Odyssey", epics txog Vladimir - Krasno Solnyshko.

Lub tsev qiv ntawv cov tub ntxhais kawm online hauv Is Taws Nem muaj kev kawm loj txog qhov teeb meem ntawm cyclization hauv kev thuam kev sau ntawv (tus sau nrhiav tsis pom). Txoj kev xav tau muaj kev xav tsis meej pem, mob siab rau ntau tshaj li plaub caug daim ntawv luam ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb rau cov menyuam yaus cov phau ntawv, uas ib yam yog qhov tseeb: nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov kws sau ntawv siv qhov no los ua ke cov phiaj xwm thiab cov cim.

Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Philology Mikhail Darwin suav tias lub voj voog yog keeb kwm thiab kev xav tswv yim. Xib fwb-philologist Natalya Starygina, tau kawm txog cov kev xav ntawm venerable literary critics, singled tawm peb lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no:

1. Cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau xav txog lub voj voog raws li ib hom ntawv.
2. Pab pawg thib ob ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb suav tias nws yog "supra-genre" koom haum.
3. Thib peb - paub meej: lub voj voog yuav tsum raug suav tias yog chav kuaj kos duab uas muab yug rau cov hom tshiab.

Ntxhais kawm ntawv sib txawv

Tab sis muaj cov lus teb nkag siab heev raulus nug. Philologists faib lub voj voog mus rau hauv poetic thiab prose. Lub suab nkauj tau kawm ntau dua thiab disassembled los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, nrog ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tsis nkag siab. Michael Darwin ntseeg hais tias poetic yog ob txoj kev xaiv:

• primary - tsim cov ntawv cais rau qhov kev npaj sau;
• secondary - ib tug ua ke ntawm cov paj huam los ntawm ib tug kws sau paj lug, sau nyob rau hauv sib txawv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tej lub hauv paus.

Xib fwb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm Txuj Ci Igor Fomenko, uas tau sau ntau yam haujlwm ntawm kev sau paj huam, hu qhov no tus sau thiab nyeem cov voj voog. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb nyiam siv qhov kev faib tawm no rau kev hais lus thiab.

Ib hom ntawv lossis …

Vim li cas thiaj nyuaj thiaj txhais tau lub tswvyim? Nov yog ib qho piv txwv: phau ntawv dab neeg puas yog lub voj voog? Lawv tau sau ua ke raws li qee qhov tshwj xeeb, uas txhais tau tias … Tsis muaj dab tsi! Kev sau yuav tsis muaj lub voj voog. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias nws yooj yim npaum li cas kom tsis meej pem cov hom ntawv. Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim dua, cov khoom tshwj xeeb tau raug ntaus nqi rau kev tsim supergenre rau lub sijhawm hloov pauv:

• ntau yam haujlwm yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas lus zoo sib xws;
• tus qauv ntawm kev sau yog qhov thib ob, txhua qhov sib xyaw tuaj yeem nyob sib cais, yog tias koj tshem tawm ib qho lus piav qhia, lub ntsiab lus thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov seem yuav tsis ploj;
• montage muaj pes tsawg leeg - yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntawv, yam tsawg kawg nkaus;
• tus sau tus cwj pwm rau lub ntiaj teb tso cai rau koj los tsim lub tswv yim los ntawm kev xaj ntawm qhov chaw;
• muaj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob hauv txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm koob;
• cov yam ntxwv hauv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb (stylistics, piv txwv, lus,phraseology, thiab lwm yam).

Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom no, cov khoom sau yuav raug hu ua lub voj voog. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov voj voog hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Lelya thiab Minka - cyclical prose

Mikhail Zoshchenko yog tus kws sau ntawv laus, tus neeg ua yeeb yam npau taws. Tab sis muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm thiab "Sentimental dab neeg", thiab dab neeg rau cov me nyuam. Historiographers hais tias nws yog menyuam yaus cov dab neeg sau los ntawm tus kheej uas yog txoj kev cawmdim ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tus ntsuj plig los ntawm kev dag thiab kev dag ntxias. Nws sau "Lelya thiab Minka" ua tau raws li tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Yim zaj dab neeg koom ua ke los ntawm ib lub npe, tab sis txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej. Txhua zaj dab neeg yog ua tiav kev ywj pheej, tab sis kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv tau taug qab kom meej.

Nov yog li cas tus sau lub voj voog zoo li hauv nws daim ntawv purest. Ib lub ntsiab lus, tib lub cim, ib lub hom phiaj - kev kawm. Txhua feem muaj sab hauv monologues. Vim li cas ho tsis ib zaj dab neeg nrog tshooj? Cov menyuam yaus cov neeg tuaj saib dictates: cov tub ntxhais hluas nyeem ntawv yuav tsis paub ntau hom ntawv. Txhua zaj dab neeg tuaj yeem nyeem nyias thiab nkag siab lub ntsiab lus. Lub tswv yim muaj nuj nqi yog los tham txog lub upbringing system ntawm tus kheej piv txwv, qhov no yog lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cyclic tsim.

Nyob zoo rau me nyuam

Nyob rau hauv kab no - ib zaj dab neeg ntawm Dunno los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Nikolai Nosov. Nws kuj muaj lwm lub voj voog uas muaj npe nrov - "Dreamers". Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees upbringing ntawm tus kheej yog cov ntsiab lus sab. Txhua yam me me muaj npe, sib npaug hauv ntim, muaj kev ywj pheej tiav.

Lwm tus menyuam tus muag khoom zoo tshaj plaws yog "Deniska Cov Dab Neeg" los ntawm Viktor Dragunsky. Tus neeg sau tau siv lub collagetxoj kev tsim cov ntawv. Nyob rau hauv txhua zaj dab neeg, ib tug me nyuam tub muaj xya xyoo kawm lub ntiaj teb no, tau txais cov lus teb rau lo lus nug. Cov chav kawm dav dav yog cov kev ntsuam xyuas thiab cov kev xav hauv txhua qhov kev lom zem, qhov tseem ceeb yog kev kawm.

Philologists tau kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm peb tus kws sau ntawv thiab tau txiav txim siab: cov ntaub ntawv yog tus sau lub voj voog. Thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm kev rov ua dua tsis yog yuam kev. Qhov no cuam tshuam li cas rau kev nkag siab? Ib zaj dab neeg cais, muab tso rau hauv ib pab pawg zoo sib xws, tsis poob nws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus kheej. Tab sis nws tau txais kev paub ntxiv txog cov cim, qhov xwm txheej, tus nyeem ntawv tau txais daim duab ntau dua. Los ntawm txoj kev, nrog xws li tej hauj lwm nws yuav zoo mus kawm ntawv nyeem raws li ib tug kev kawm ntawm lub aesthetic voj voog nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib. Lawv qhia cov me nyuam choreography, suab paj nruag, painting, lawv kuj yuav tsum qhia kev ncaj ncees, tib lub sij hawm nyeem phau ntawv, xav.

Thiab cov classics yog cyclical

Lub tswvyim ntawm poetic cyclicity nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam pib nrog Bryusov, Bely, Blok. Andrei Bely ntseeg hais tias ib qho kev tsim tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib txoj hauv kev uas yuav nkag siab tsuas yog ua ke nrog lwm tus. Raws li cov paj huam ntawm Alexander Blok, lub hauv paus tau muab tso rau kev kawm txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm 19th-20th centuries nyob rau hauv Russia. Tseem tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb theoretical hauv paus rau lub voj voog prose. Thiab tseem, leej twg yuav sib cav hais tias Alexander Pushkin's Belkin's Tales tsis yog lub voj voog, tab sis sau cov dab neeg luv luv? Nws hloov tawm tias muaj cov neeg xav tau, taw qhia rau qhov tsis muaj ib tus phab ej.

Dab tsihnub no?

Archaic qauv, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev txiav txim, rov ua dua yog ruaj khov rau hauv cov lus niaj hnub no. Lub xyoo pua tshiab hloov cov qauv ntawm kev ncaj ncees hauv kev sau ntawv. Ib tug neeg uas muaj cov cuab yeej siv rau kev sib txuas lus hauv Is Taws Nem, nyiam saib ntau dua li nyeem. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais hais tias cov neeg Russians tsis nyeem ntawv. Ib qho kev xaav sib txawv yuav tsum muaj ntau txoj hauv kev xa cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab lub log tau nyob ntawm no thaum lub sijhawm nyob hauv qhov chaw raug. Ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag yog bloggers tsim cov clips txog kev muaj tiag niaj hnub no.

Ntawm kev muag khoom yog ib phau ntawm tus neeg lag luam Alexander Korotenko, uas nws tau sau 12 tus kheej cov dab neeg uas tsis yog tus qauv. Ib tug series ntawm cov dab neeg los ntawm niaj hnub lub neej nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov respects. Lub prose ntawm cov tub rog niaj hnub sau ntawv German Sadulayev yuav yog ib phau ntawv hais txog kev ua tsov ua rog. Tus sau nyob rau hauv txhua txoj hauj lwm taug qab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws, lub teb chaws teeb meem, kev coj ncaj ncees, kev tu siab, ua siab loj - qhov no yog qhov txuas mus rau hauv ib qho. Thiab muaj ib tug hero - tus sau nws tus kheej.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntawv tseeb rau kev sib tw tsheb kauj vab - cov haujlwm ntawm Maxim Kantor. Nws cov dab neeg nyob rau hauv cov npe dav dav "Qhia rau Ib Tus Neeg Haus Luam Yeeb" thiab "Scoop thiab Broom" yog qhov xav tau zoo, thiab cov ntawv tshiab "Drawing Tutorial" tsis txaus siab rau leej twg. Lub hnub nyoog pragmatic ntawm IT neeg xav tau kev sib haum xeeb hauv txhua yam. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no lub voj voog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm yav tom ntej classics.