2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Smelyakov Yaroslav Vasilyevich yug rau lub Ib Hlis 8, 1913 (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 26, 1912 raws li cov qauv qub) hauv nroog Lutsk, Volyn cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine.
Nws txiv ua haujlwm hnyav rau ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Niam yog ib tug niam tsev thiab yug me nyuam (muaj peb tsev neeg).
Thaum Yaroslav muaj ib xyoos, Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib pib. Hais txog qhov no, tsev neeg raug yuam kom tsiv mus rau cov txheeb ze hauv lub zos. Nyob ntawd lawv tsis nyob ntev. Qee lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd, tsev neeg tau nyob hauv Voronezh, qhov chaw lawv nyob mus txog thaum pib ntawm kaum xyoo tom ntej.
Smelyakov txiv tuag ntxov, thaum Yaroslav tsuas muaj kaum ib xyoos.
Tam sim no, yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv xya xyoo hauv Moscow, qhov chaw nws nyob nrog nws tus tij laug thiab tus muam.
Thaum pib ntawm peb caug xyoo, Yaroslav kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab, los ntawm kev sib pauv ua haujlwm, tau txais kev xa mus rau PFZSH ("Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Luam Ntawv") npe tom qab Lenin.
Nws yog nws tus uas ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev tsim cov txuj ci yav tom ntej. Smelyakova fascinated los ntawm bustling lub neej ntawm lub tsev luam ntawv.
Ua tus ntaus ntawvtus kws sau paj huam zoo siab heev uas nws nyiam kev ua ub no - kev ua haujlwm thiab kev muaj tswv yim - muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib leeg.
pib ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim
Kev tshaj tawm thawj zaug tau ua tsaug rau nws tus phooj ywg - Vsevolod Iordansky. Nws yog nws leej twg txhawb Smelyakov kom xa nws tej hauj lwm rau Rost magazine.
Txawm li cas los xij, tau nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev tshaj tawm, Yaroslav Smelyakov tsis meej pem lub qhov rooj ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab xa cov paj huam yuam kev rau kev txiav txim siab rau ntau qhov kev hwm thiab loj "Lub Kaum Hli", uas lub sijhawm ntawd tau nrov ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tau pom zoo los ntawm pawg kws kho mob thiab luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm.
In 1932-1933, Yaroslav Smelyakov tau tso nws thawj phau ntawv: "Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Hlub" thiab "Cov Paj Huam"
Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab qee lub sijhawm, nws, nrog rau ntau tus kws sau paj huam (Pavel Vasilyev, Boris Kornilov), tau dhau los ua tus neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev tsis lees paub tsis tseeb, uas, raws li ib txwm muaj rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tau los ua qhov laj thawj rau raug ntes tam sim yam tsis muaj kev sim siab lossis kev tshawb nrhiav. Yaroslav Smelyakov muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov nqi ntawm nws lub xub pwg nyom nyob rau hauv 1937. Ces nws raug tso tawm ntxov.
Txog thaum tsov rog, tus kws sau paj lug tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov chaw kho mob ntawm ntau lub tsev tshaj tawm, tau koom nrog kev tshaj tawm cov dej num, sau feuilletons thiab sau ntawv.
Lub sijhawm no, nws tau sau Crimean Poems voj voog, rov luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm zoo: Litgazeta, Young Guard, Krasnaya Nov, thiab lwm yam.
Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj
Thaum pib ntawm kev tsov rog Yaroslav Smelyakov tau ntsib raws li tus kheej ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog Thib Ob nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab Karelian pem hauv ntej.
Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1941, raug ncig, nws,Zoo li ntau tus tub rog ntawm nws lub koom haum, nws raug ntes hauv Finland, qhov twg peb xyoos tom ntej nws ua haujlwm hnyav rau tus tswv uas tsis muaj kev hlub tshua.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas, nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj hauj lwm, Smelyakov skillfully zais cov tswv yim txheej xwm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug Lavxias nto moo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
Tus kws sau paj lug tuaj yeem rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws tsuas yog xyoo 1944, thaum, vim muaj kev sib tw nrog Finland, kev sib pauv ntawm cov neeg raug kaw ua tsov ua rog.
Smelyakov tau xav txog los ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm yuav luag txhua tus neeg raug kaw hauv tebchaws Soviet raug tso tawm - nws raug xa mus rau lub yeej rog rau "filtration".
Muaj ntau ntau yam hais txog qhov twg Smelyakov nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Nws paub tseeb tias nws tau ua haujlwm hauv lub pob zeb thee nyob ze Moscow, tab sis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws tuaj txog hauv lub nroog ntawm Stalinogorsk (tam sim no Novomoskovsk) hauv thaj av Tula.
Post-war years
Tom qab ob peb xyoos raug kaw, tus kws sau paj lug los cawm nws tus phooj ywg zoo Konstantin Simonov, uas tau rub nws tus tij laug tawm ntawm qhov tsis xav txog.
Nyob rau xyoo 1948, Smelyakov thawj zaug tom qab tsov rog sau "Kremlin Fir" tau luam tawm, uas suav nrog cov paj huam los ntawm kev ua tsov rog xyoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm tus kws sau paj huam tsis nyob ntev. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1951, ib tus neeg tsis paub sau ntawv tsis lees paub txog lub rooj sib tham uas tau tshwm sim hauv Smelyakov lub tsev.
Tus kws sau paj huam raug thuam los ntawm Tshooj 58 ntawm Txoj Cai Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai ntawm USSR, raws li nws yuav tsum tau rau txim rau hauv daim ntawv nees nkaum tsib xyoos hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov.
Yog li, Smelyakov tau paub txog Arctic. Camp lub neej yog kev puas tsuaj rau tus kws sau paj huam.
BXyoo 1956, "kev nthuav tawm ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm Stalin" tau tshwm sim, raws li kev zam txim tau tso cai rau ntau tus neeg raug kaw. Yaroslav Smelyakov kuj raug tso tawm. Txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, tus kws sau paj lug yuav nco ntsoov cov hnub "hauv lub kaus mom tseemfwv, hauv lub tsho camp."
Nws mob siab rau txhua xyoo tom ntej ntawm nws lub neej rau kev sau ntawv muaj tswv yim.
Lub sijhawm no, tus kws sau paj lug tau txais peb qhov kev txiav txim, nrog rau lub Xeev Cov Nqi Zog ntawm USSR xyoo 1967 thiab 1968.
Smelyakov tuag rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 27, 1972. Nws raug faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas Novodevichy hauv Moscow.
Lub neej ntiag tug
thawj tus kws sau paj huam tau tshwm sim hauv 30s. Nws yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Margarita Aliger (nws daim duab hauv qab no tau coj mus rau hauv nruab nrab-70s), uas, ua ke nrog Smelyakov, tuaj koom lub koom haum sau ntawv.
Qhov chaw nthuav hauv qhov tshiab no yog nyob ntawm lub nplhaib muab los ntawm Smelyakov rau tus kws sau paj huam.
Raws li Aliger, thaum muaj ib yam dab tsi phem tshwm sim rau tus kws sau paj huam, lub nplhaib ploj lawm. Yog li, piv txwv li, nws tshwm sim thaum Smelyakov raug ntes los ntawm Finnish.
Nws ntsib Evdokia Vasilievna hauv xyoo tom qab tsov rog. Nws tau los ua thawj tus poj niam uas Yaroslav Smelyakov tau sib yuav. Tus kws sau paj huam thiab Evdokia nyob ua ke tsuas yog ob xyoos: Smelyakov sib nrauj nws tus poj niam txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev tsim txom uas ua rau nws noj. Los ntawm kev sib yuav no, tus kws sau paj lug muaj ib tug tub.
Tsev neeg thib ob tsim los ntawm Smelyakov tau zoo siab dua. Lub sij hawm no tus kws sau paj lug xaiv ib tug yog tus txhais Tatyana Strreshneva.
Tus kws sau paj huam Yaroslav Smelyakov, uas nws biography tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog tiag tiagib tug kws sau paj huam, "tus tswv ntawm cov cim npe", uas tau poob rau ntau qhov nyuaj thiab txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws.
Pom zoo:
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Poets hais txog paj huam thiab quotes txog paj huam
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv txoj hmoo thiab lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj huam? Paj huam txhais li cas rau lawv? Lawv sau dab tsi thiab xav txog nws? Puas yog nws ua haujlwm lossis kos duab rau lawv? Puas nyuaj ua ib tug kws sau paj lug, thiab txhais li cas los ua ib tug kws sau paj huam? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no hauv kab lus. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no yuav muab rau koj los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam lawv tus kheej hauv lawv cov haujlwm
Arab kws sau paj huam txij hnub nyoog nruab nrab mus rau tam sim no. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, kev zoo nkauj thiab kev txawj ntse, hu nkauj nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm cov kws sau paj huam
Arabic paj huam muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj. Paj huam tsis yog ib daim duab kos duab rau cov neeg Arab thaum ub, tab sis kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev los qhia cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Niaj hnub no, tsuas yog qee tus kws sau paj huam Arab, cov kws sau ntawv ntawm rubai quatrains, tej zaum yuav paub rau ntau tus, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv Arabic thiab paj huam muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm
