Opus yog ib lo lus suab paj nruag. Vim li cas lub tswv yim no muaj nyob hauv suab paj nruag?

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

lo lus "opus" txhais li cas ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua suab paj nruag? Keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lo lus, nws theoretical justification raws li ib lub suab paj nruag, nws lub ntsiab lus niaj hnub - tag nrho cov no yog tham tom qab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Nyob hauv peb cov kab lis kev cai, lo lus "opus" yog tsau nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab lus:

• Derisively-scornful txhais ntawm tej yam kev sau ntawv uas tsis tsim nyog qhuas.
• "Opus" yog ib lo lus suab paj nruag.

Vim txhua yam yog qhov tseeb nrog thawj qhov kev xaiv, cia peb sim ua qhov thib ob.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lo lus "opus"

Lo lus "suab paj nruag" yog raws li lub tswv yim ntawm "kev ua suab paj nruag", tab sis qhov thib ob tsis zoo ib yam li thawj zaug thiab muaj keeb kwm ciam teb.

Muaj suab paj nruag ua haujlwm, thiab nws txuas nrog kev sau ntawv; thiab muaj suab paj nruag raws li kev ua ub no cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim tawm improvisational ntawm nws cov qauv.

Qhov kev sib txawv no tau sau tseg thawj zaug hauv N. Listenius' treatise "Musica" hauv 1537. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no treatise uas nws yog thawj zaug hais tias ib tug opus yog "ib tug sau, ua tiav tag nrho cov hauj lwm." Yog li, thawj zaug, lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm "opus" raug kaw.

Nyob hauv thawjNyob rau hauv lub millennia ntawm Christianity, lub qhov ncauj daim ntawv ntawm cov suab paj nruag dominated ntau heev uas txawm lub sij hawm "improvisation" tsis muaj nyob, vim tsis muaj lwm txoj kev. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ob qhov sib txawv ntawm kev muaj tswv yim hauv suab paj nruag pib tsuas yog hauv 9th-10th centuries, thaum thawj cov ntawv luam tawm, tsau rau ntawm daim ntawv.

Lub sijhawm no ntawm Cov Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog, "opus" suab paj nruag thiab "kev xyaum" tseem muaj nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua yam xwm txheej ntawm tib neeg lub neej tau nrog kev ua si ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj, thiab feem ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam hloov pauv nws tus kheej sau nrog cov ntawm lwm tus, tsis xav txog txoj kab ntse ntawm cov ntsiab lus no.

Kev txawj ntawm kev sib txuas cov qauv uas twb tau tsim lawm yog qhov tseem ceeb, tib lub hom phiaj ywj pheej tsiv los ntawm ib txoj hauj lwm mus rau lwm qhov, thiab qhov no tsis suav tias yog plagiarism. Cov txuj ci tau ua raws li cov khoom siv tau ua tiav.

Sau suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai yog European innovation

Maj mam, cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshiab ntawm kev muaj tswv yim pib muaj nuj nqis ntau thiab ntau dua, xws li kev tsim cov nkauj tshiab, yav tas los tsis muaj suab paj nruag, tau los ua lub npe hu ua "suab". Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim ntawm European suab paj nruag kev kos duab tsis txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau lwm lub teb chaws.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias nws yog nyob hauv Europe uas muaj tswv yim sau tau los, tsuas yog sau suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai hauv ntiaj teb tau yug los ntawm no. Thiab qhov no tau hloov pauv txhua yam: lub tswv yim tshiab ntawm kev kos duab suab paj nruag tau tshwm sim, cov qauv zoo nkauj, lub siab lub ntsws ntawm kev muaj tswv yim, kev hnov lus hloov pauv, txoj kev qhia suab paj nruag pib tsim.professional.

Ua ke nrog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sau suab paj nruag, lub tswv yim ntawm "suab paj nruag" tshwm sim - tus tsim ua haujlwm tshiab. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog kev tsim cov suab paj nruag autonomous, uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev xav tau hauv tsev, tab sis yog tus nqi ntawm nws tus kheej.

Kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "opus"

German philosopher thiab suab paj nruag theorist ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, Karl Dahlhaus, txheeb xyuas cov cwj pwm hauv qab no uas txhais lub tswvyim ntawm "opus":

• compositional tiav;
• ntawv sau tag nrho;
• autonomy, tsis muaj kev siv suab paj nruag khi;
• "kev xav zoo nkauj zoo li awe", tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm "tsim suab paj nruag", yam tsis muaj ntawv nyeem thiab qhov program.

Lwm tus kws tshaj lij German suab paj nruag, Hans Eggebrecht, tau muab lub ntsiab lus meej dua ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm "sib sau", sau tias "opus" yog:

• theoretical (subordination rau cov cai ntawm txoj kev xav);
• muaj cov ntsiab lus philosophical;
• fixed in notes;
• polyphony;
• yog tus sau;
• form tiav;
• kev tsis sib xws.

lo lus "opus" txhais li cas hnub no?

Hnub no, qhov kev ua yeeb yam tsis yog ib qho ntxiv lawm, sau nrog cov ntawv sau rau hauv ntawv. Lo lus "opus" txhais tau hais tias cov hauj lwm tau luam tawm thiab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tshaj tawm nws tau muab ib tug xov tooj. Nyob ntawm lub sij hawm thaum lub suab paj nruag tau luam tawm, lub opus tej zaum yuav muaj ntau dua los yog tsawg dua.kev qhia.

Yog thaum lub neej ntawm tus sau qee yam ntawm nws cov haujlwm tsis tau luam tawm thiab, raws li, tsis muaj nws tus kheej opus, ces nws muab lub npe "posthumous opus", uas yog, ib qho uas tau luam tawm tom qab tuag tus sau.

Tus naj npawb ntawm opus tsis yog ib txwm qhia txog lub sijhawm sau cov haujlwm. Yog hais tias nws tau sau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub sij hawm ntawm creativity, thiab luam tawm thawj zaug ntau xyoo tom qab, ces tus naj npawb opus yuav muab rau nws tom qab. Piv txwv li, Beethoven's rondo "Rage over the Lost Penny" sau nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas muaj ib tug lig opus tooj 129.

Qee zaum tus kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm ntau yam haujlwm ib zaug. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv raug muab tib tus naj npawb opus, tab sis sib txawv cov lej. Piv txwv li, Chopin's 24 preludes tau luam tawm raws li opus 28, tab sis muaj cov lej sib txawv ntawm 1 txog 24. Yog li, cov kab lus: "Chopin - thib tsib prelude" thiab "Chopin - opus 28, No. 5" txhais tau tias tib yam.