2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Suab paj nruag yog daim duab kos duab uas txaus siab rau peb qhov kev hnov sphere nrog kev pab ntawm lub suab. Cov lus ntawm lub suab suav nrog ntau lub ntsiab lus, uas nyob rau hauv kev tshaj lij terminology hu ua "txhais tau hais tias suab paj nruag". Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev cuam tshuam yog dynamics.
Dynamics yog dab tsi
Lo lus no yog paub txhua leej txhua tus los ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm physics thiab yog txuam nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm "mas", "force", "zog", "txoj kev". Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, nws txhais tib yam, tab sis nyob rau hauv relation mus suab. Dynamics hauv suab paj nruag yog lub zog ntawm lub suab, nws kuj tuaj yeem qhia tau hais tias "ntev - nrov dua".
Kev ua si ntawm tib theem ntawm sonority tsis tuaj yeem qhia tau, nws nrawm nrawm. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ua rau lub suab paj nruag nthuav, tso cai rau ntau yam kev xav tau nthuav tawm.
Yog suab paj nruag txhais tau hais tias kev xyiv fab, kev yeej, kev zoo siab, kev zoo siab, lub zog yuav ci ntsa iab thiab muaj suab npe. Lub teeb, mos, lub zog zoo yog siv los qhia cov kev xav xws li kev tu siab, kev sib nyiam, tshee, kev nkag mus.
Txoj kev qhia qhov muaj zog
Dynamism hauv suab paj nruag yog dab tsiuas txiav txim siab txog qib ntim. Muaj ob peb lub npe rau qhov no, muaj ntau ntau qhov gradations tiag tiag hauv suab. Yog li cov cim dynamic yuav tsum raug suav hais tias tsuas yog ib lub tswv yim, kev taw qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb, qhov twg txhua tus neeg ua yeeb yam qhia nws txoj kev xav mus rau tag nrho.
Cov theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm "nruab" yog txhais los ntawm lo lus "forte", "quiet" - "piano". Qhov no yog ib qho kev paub. "Tseeb, tab sis tsis dhau" - "mezzo piano"; "Tsis nrov heev" - "mezzo forte".
Yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv hauv suab paj nruag yuav tsum tau mus txog qib siab, cov nuances ntawm "pianissimo" yog siv - ntsiag to heev; los yog "fortissimo" - nrov nrov. Hauv qhov tshwj xeeb, tus naj npawb ntawm "forte" thiab "piano" icons tuaj yeem ncav cuag tsib!
Tab sis txawm hais txog txhua qhov kev xaiv, tus naj npawb ntawm cov cim rau kev hais tawm suab nrov tsis tshaj 12. Qhov no tsis yog ntau, xav tias txog li 100 qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tuaj yeem muab rho tawm ntawm lub piano zoo!
Dynamic indications kuj suav nrog cov ntsiab lus "crescendo" (maj mam nce ntim) thiab cov lus rov qab "diminuendo".
Suab paj nruag dynamics suav nrog ntau lub cim qhia tias yuav tsum tau hais txog ib lub suab lossis lub suab: > ("accent"), sf lossis sfz (ntse accent - "sforzando"), rf lossis rfz ("rinforzando" - " txhim kho").
From harpsichord mus rau piano
Cov piv txwv tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm harpsichords thiab clavichords tso cai rau peb los xav txog qhov muaj zog ntawm cov suab paj nruag baroque. Cov neeg kho tshuab ntawm cov qub forerunners ntawm lub piano tsis tso cai maj mam hloov nyob rau hauv lub ntim theem. Rau qhov kev hloov pauv loj hauv kev hloov pauv, muaj cov keyboards ntxiv (cov ntawv qhia), uas tuaj yeem ntxiv overtones rau lub suab vim octave ob npaug.
Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm levers thiab ko taw keyboard ntawm lub cev ua rau nws ua tau kom ua tiav ntau hom ntoo thiab nce ntim, tab sis txhua yam zoo ib yam, qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau baroque suab paj nruag, muaj txawm ib tug tshwj xeeb lub sij hawm "terraced dynamics", txij li thaum qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv ntim theem zoo li lub ledges ntawm ib tug terrace.
Rau qhov amplitude ntawm lub zog, nws yog me me. Lub suab ntawm lub harpsichord, qab ntxiag, silvery thiab nyob ntsiag to ntawm qhov ze, yuav luag tsis hnov ntawm qhov deb ntawm ob peb meters. Lub suab ntawm clavichord yog hnyav dua thiab nws yog xim hlau, tab sis me ntsis resonant.
Cov cuab yeej no tau hlub los ntawm J. S. Bach rau nws lub peev xwm, txawm hais tias tsis tshua muaj kev pom zoo, tab sis tseem yuav hloov cov qib kev hloov pauv nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm tus ntiv tes kov cov yuam sij. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab cov kab lus ib qho bulge.
Kev tsim lub piano nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 18th caug xyoo, nrog rau nws rauj nkaus, revolutionized lub possibilities ntawm cov keyboard instrument. Dynamics hauv suab paj nruag ua si ntawm lub piano niaj hnub muaj ntau qhov kev ua tiav ntawm lub suab thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov.
Dynamics loj thiab ntxaws
Cov kev hloov pauv loj feem ntau yog qhia los ntawm cov cim uas tau teev tseg hauv lub rooj. Lawvme me, lawv paub meej thiab meej.
Txawm li cas los xij, "hauv" txhua qhov ntawm cov nuances no tuaj yeem muaj ntau qhov kev sib tw ua suab nrov. Tsis muaj kev xaiv tshwj xeeb rau lawv, txawm li cas los xij, cov qib no muaj nyob hauv lub suab tiag tiag thiab nws yog lawv uas ua rau peb mob siab rau mloog kev ua si ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam muaj txuj ci.
Cov kev hloov pauv me me no hu ua kom ntxaws. Kev lig kev cai ntawm nws txoj kev siv los ntawm cov suab paj nruag baroque (nco txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm clavichord).
Dynamism hauv suab paj nruag yog ib qho ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Nws yog kev txawj ntse ntawm kev hloov maj mam nuances, lub teeb, tsis tshua pom kev hloov pauv uas txawv qhov kev ua si ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov nyuaj sib npaug sib npaug ntawm qhov nce lossis txo qis hauv sonority thaum nws "ntev" hla ntu loj ntawm cov ntawv suab paj nruag.
Kev sib txheeb ntawm cov dynamics
Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias lub dynamics nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag yog ib tug txheeb ze lub tswvyim, raws li, qhov tseeb, txhua yam nyob rau hauv peb lub neej. Txhua lub suab paj nruag thiab txawm tias txhua tus kws sau nkauj muaj nws tus kheej lub zog, nrog rau nws tus kheej peculiarities nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm nuances.
Dab tsi zoo hauv Prokofiev lub suab paj nruag yog qhov siv tsis tau kiag li thaum ua yeeb yam Scarlatti's sonatas. Thiab lub piano nuance ntawm Chopin thiab Beethoven yuav suab txawv kiag li.
Tib yam siv rau qib ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, lub sijhawm tswj hwm tib theem ntawm kev hloov pauv, txoj kev hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam.
Yuav kom paub qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub suab paj nruag ntawm qhov zooqib kev tshaj lij, nws yog qhov tsim nyog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, los kawm txog kev ua si ntawm tus tswv zoo, mloog, txheeb xyuas, xav thiab kos cov lus xaus.
Pom zoo:
Piano forerunners: keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag, thawj cov twj paj nruag keyboard, ntau yam, ntsuas qauv, theem ntawm kev loj hlob, niaj hnub saib thiab suab
Thawj yam uas xav txog thaum tham txog cov twj paj nruag yog piano. Tseeb tiag, nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam hauv paus, tab sis thaum twg lub piano tshwm sim? Puas muaj tiag tiag tsis muaj lwm yam variation ua ntej nws?
Musicality yog suab paj nruag txuj ci, pob ntseg rau suab paj nruag, suab paj nruag muaj peev xwm
Ntau tus neeg nyiam hu nkauj, txawm tias lawv tsis lees paub. Tab sis vim li cas qee tus ntawm lawv tuaj yeem ntaus cov ntawv sau thiab ua rau tib neeg lub pob ntseg zoo siab, thaum lwm tus raug pov rau ntawm kab lus: "Tsis muaj kev hnov lus." Qhov no txhais li cas? Lub rooj sib hais yuav tsum yog dab tsi? Rau leej twg thiab vim li cas thiaj muab?
Kev nthuav tawm hauv suab paj nruag yog Kev nthuav qhia hauv suab paj nruag ntawm xyoo pua 20th
Nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ib qho kev taw qhia tshiab, tawm tsam cov classical views ntawm creativity, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, fine arts, xinesmas thiab suab paj nruag, tshaj tawm cov kev qhia ntawm lub subjective sab ntsuj plig ntiaj teb no ntawm tib neeg lub ntsiab. lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kos duab. Expressionism nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag yog ib qho ntawm cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws thiab tsis yooj yim tam sim no
"Nws yog tag nrho hauv ib qho kev khi lus": kev tshuaj xyuas. "Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv ib zaj lus tim khawv" - paj huam los ntawm Tvardovsky
Tvardovsky zaj paj huam "Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nyob hauv ib zaj lus tim khawv" piav qhia rau peb tias txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev muaj tswv yim tsis muaj kev txwv, txhua tus neeg muaj cai hais txog nws txoj kev xav
Yuav ua li cas sau suab paj nruag: suab paj nruag notation, suab paj nruag theory, tswv yim
Txhua tus neeg tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv nws lub neej xav txog kev txawj ua suab paj nruag thiab, tej zaum, txawm kawm los ua suab paj nruag nws tus kheej. Qhov tseeb, txhua yam tsis nyuaj li nws yuav zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav tsum tau kawm txog suab paj nruag txoj kev xav thiab qee qhov nuances ntawm kev sau. Tab sis tag nrho cov no yog trifles piv rau lub peev xwm ua hauj lwm txuj ci tseem ceeb. Tom qab nyeem tsab xov xwm no, lo lus nug "Yuav ua li cas sau ntawv?" ua tsis tseem ceeb
