Gothic painting thiab architecture

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Gothic painting originated nyob rau hauv Fabkis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th. Gothic hloov lub Romanesque style ntawm medieval art thiab tsim thawj zaug hauv architecture. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Gothic style yog cov tsev txaus thiab majestic. Maj mam, Gothic pib nkag mus rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev kos duab thiab nthuav dav thoob plaws Europe medieval.

keeb kwm ntawm Gothic style

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, tus naas ej Italian artist, kws kes duab vajtse thiab txawj sau ntawv Giorgio Vasari qhia lub tswvyim ntawm "Gothic". Nws siv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws lub neej ntawm Eminent Painters, Sculptors thiab Architects. Phau ntawv no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog thawj keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab. Lo lus gothic los ntawm Italian tswvyim Goten - barbarian. Nrog rau lo lus no, nws cais cov kos duab ntawm Renaissance los ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog.

Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm Gothic yog kev nce siab. Piv txwv ntawm Gothic architecture yog cathedrals, monasteries, pawg ntseeg. Tsim los tom qab Romanesque style, uas txawv los ntawm nws cov phab ntsa muaj zog nrog puag ncig arches thiab me me qhov rais, Gothic rushes mus rau saum ntuj nrog nws:

• siab nyias yees;
• ntse siab arches;
• stained glass windows;
• ntau cov ntsiab lus carved ntawm lub facades.

Cov iav xim tsim muaj cov nyhuv stunning. Stained-iav qhov rais, tsim los ntawm iav ntawm ntau yam thicknesses thiab xim, muab cov huab cua ntawm lub tuam tsev muaj kev zoo nkauj txawv txawv. Kev ua si ntawm lub teeb rau hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa ua rau pom kev pom.

Stained Glass

Gothic painting tshwm rau ntawm lub qhov rais ntawm pawg ntseeg. Cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus kev cai dab qhuas, tsim los ntawm cov xim thiab pleev xim rau iav, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlau lead nqaim, yog cov duab ntawm kev zoo nkauj txawv txawv. Txhua qhov rais nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus thematic uas tau them nyiaj rau cov ntsiab lus. Cov xim muaj kua, ci, sib txawv zoo li cov pob zeb tawg thiab hloov cov frescos ib txwm muaj.

Book me me

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Gothic painting tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm phau ntawv me me. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIV, ib tug tshiab tsim ntawm manuscripts tshwm. Cov duab kos suav nrog cov dab neeg ntawm cov ncauj lus niaj hnub. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau cov ntsiab lus thiab xim. Cov no yog cov duab ci thiab muaj kua uas muaj ntau yam xim:

• blue;
• green;
• red;
• pink;
• dub;
• white;
• ocher ntxoov.

Cov ntawv sau tau txais cov ciam teb zoo nkauj tsim los ntawm ntau yam scrolls thiab floral designs.

Artists ntawm lub sijhawm Gothic

Tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm Gothic style hauv architecture, nwsnkag mus rau painting. Gothic kos duab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ob sab, qhov chaw tiaj tus hauv cov duab. Feem ntau lawv tshwm cov dab neeg ntawm cov ncauj lus niaj hnub. Cov khoom xyaw yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog nplooj, paj thiab cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov paintings, tshwj xeeb yog them rau kom meej.

Ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Gothic painting, nto moo tshaj plaws yog:

• Master Bertram.
• Jacmart de Esden.
• Tus Tswv ntawm San Martino.
• Donato Veneziano.
• Limburg cov kwv tij.

Master Bertram

Tus nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam no yog tus kws kos duab German Master Bertram. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog pleev xim rau cov duab xwb, tab sis kuj yog tus tswv ntawm cov duab puab ntoo, thiab tseem ua cov duab kos rau cov phau ntawv. Ntawm nws qhov kev pov tseg yog lub rooj cob qhia uas nws cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm. Master Bertram nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv Hamburg. Lub rooj cob qhia tau ua ntau yam kev txiav txim uas tuaj ntawm lub nroog thiab los ntawm cov neeg ntiag tug. Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog Grabowski thaj, tsim nyob rau hauv 1383 rau St. Peter's Cathedral hauv Hamburg.

Jacmart de Esden

Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Gothic style hauv kev pleev xim yug hauv Artois thiab yog neeg Fabkis keeb kwm. Cov hauj lwm ntawm Jacquemart de Esden yog phau ntawv me me. Cov neeg siv khoom ntawm tus kws kos duab yog ib tug txheeb ze ntawm tus huab tais ntawm Fabkis Charles V - Jean ntawm Berry. Tus tswv siv nws lub sijhawm feem ntau hauv Bourges, qhov chaw nws tau xaj los ntawm duke. Los ntawm 1384 txog 1414 nws tau txais nyiaj hli ib txwm los ntawm lub txhab nyiaj. Cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov khoom me me:

• "Me meteev".
• "Brussels Teev".
• "Tsev Phau Ntawv Loj".

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus tswv yog "Phau Ntawv Loj".

Tus Tswv ntawm San Martino

Master uas yog tus sau daim duab "Madonna thiab Me Nyuam Enthroned" rau lub Koom Txoos San Martino. Tam sim no txoj haujlwm no tau muab khaws cia hauv tebchaws Ltalis, hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm San Matteo, hauv nroog Pisa. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem ntawm daim duab yog Madonna, thiab raws ntug yog cov phiaj xwm los ntawm lub neej ntawm Saints Joachim thiab Anna. Txawm hais tias tus kws kos duab suav tias yog tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Pisan lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev kos duab ntawm Gothic lub sijhawm, lub npe ntawm tus tswv tau ploj lawm.

Donato Veneziano

Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv tshuav txog thaum tus kws kos duab yug thiab tuag. Muaj ib tug version hais tias nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th ob artists hu ua Donato nyob rau hauv Venice. Ib tug yog parishioner ntawm lub Koom Txoos St. Lukas, thiab tus thib ob yog ib tug parishioner ntawm lub Koom Txoos St. Vidal. Raws li lwm version, nws yog tib tus neeg uas tsuas yog hloov los ntawm pawg ntseeg. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws txoj haujlwm sib koom ua ke nrog lwm tus neeg pleev kob. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm no yog cov duab "Lub Coronation ntawm Mary", uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1372 ua ke nrog Catarino di Marco.

Limburg cov kwv tij

Peb cov kwv tij, Paul, Erman thiab Jeanneken, yug hauv Netherlands. Lawv txiv yog tus tswv ntawm cov duab puab ntoo, thiab ntawm lawv niam, lawv cov txheeb ze yog tus neeg pleev kob Jean Maluel, uas ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Burgundian dukes. Qee lub sij hawm, cov kwv tij tau kawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, thiab xyoo 1410 lawv pib uaua hauj lwm, uas yog tsim cov duab rau phau Vajlugkub. Qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm Philip tus Bold, uas nws tau muab cov kwv tij tu plaub xyoos. Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Gothic painting los ntawm Limburg cov kwv tij yog Phau Ntawv Zoo Kawg Nkaus ntawm Duke of Berry. Kev ua haujlwm tseem tsis tau tiav, raws li ob tus neeg siv khoom - Jean ntawm Berry, thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam tuag hauv 1416.

Cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm Gothic style

Masterpieces tsim thaum lub sijhawm Gothic ntawm kev kos duab tseem tuaj yeem qhuas hnub no:

• St. Stephen's Cathedral, Austria.
• Mir Castle, Belarus.
• Antwerp Cathedral, Belgium.
• Cologne Cathedral, Lub teb chaws Yelemees.
• Burgos Cathedral, Spain.
• St. Vitus Cathedral, Czech koom pheej.
• Westminster Abbey, England.
• Chartre Cathedral, Fabkis.
• Rheinstein Castle, Germany.
• Notre Dame Cathedral, Fabkis.

Notre Dame de Paris yog ib qho ntawm thawj lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Gothic style. Nws tau tsim los ntawm 1163 txog 1345.