Theatre of Dionysus hauv Athens

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia rau koj txog xws li ib tug nthuav lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus (Athens). Nws nyob hauv Acropolis. Tsis yog txhua tus paub tias Acropolis yog dab tsi, yog li cia peb tham luv luv ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd, peb yuav nthuav qhia koj lub theatre ntawm Dionysus, ib daim duab thiab cov lus piav qhia uas koj yuav pom hauv kab lus no. Lub tsev no, raws li koj yuav pom, yog qhov nthuav heev. Thiab peb tseem yuav qhia koj txog tus vajtswv Greek thaum ub nws tus kheej, uas yog lub tsev zoo kawg nkaus li lub tsev ua yeeb yam Greek thaum ub Dionysus tau mob siab rau.

Acropolis

Acropolis yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov thiab siab ntawm lub nroog (tsis yog Athens nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau lwm lub nroog Greek thaum ub), uas kuj yog lub fortress-tsev nyob thaum muaj tsov rog. Feem ntau muaj ntau lub tuam tsev rau siab rau ntau yam patron deities. Acropolis nyob rau hauv Athens yog ib lub pob zeb toj siab 156 meters siab, nrog ib tug maj mam nqes saum toj (txog 170 meters dav thiab 300 meters ntev). Nws yog nyob ntawm no, ntawm lwm yam architectural monuments, uas ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus nyob rau hauv ancient Greece. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, Acropolis tau raug suav hais tias yog qhov chaw ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm Athens. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4th BC e. Nws nyob ntawm no uas muaj ntau yam solemn processions tau muaj nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawmntawm no lossis tus vajtswv ntawd, nrog rau kev txi, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, kev sib tw kis las tau tuav, scenes los ntawm lub neej ntawm vajtswv tau ua tiav.

Vajtswv Dionysus

Dionysus tseem hu ua "vajtswv nrog nyuj horns", raws li nws nyiam coj tus tsiaj no. Nov yog tus tub ntawm Zeus thiab Semele, tus ntxhais huab tais Theban. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, Zeus, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug flash ntawm xob laim nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws tus hlub, yuam kev incinerated nws, tab sis muaj peev xwm mus ntes lub ntxov ntxov Dionysus los ntawm cov nplaim taws thiab sew nws mus rau hauv nws ncej puab. Tswv Ntuj yug tau ib tug me nyuam nyob rau lub sij hawm, tom qab ntawd nws muab nws rau cov nymphs rau kev kawm. Dionysus, taug kev thoob ntiaj teb, ntsib Ariadne, tso tseg los ntawm Theseus, thiab tau yuav nws. Tus huab tais ntawm Thebes Pentheus sim kaw nws, tab sis Dionysus rau txim hnyav rau nws: raws li nws cov lus txib, cov maenads tau npau taws heev rub tus huab tais no mus rau pieces.

Cult of Dionysus

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav tias kev ntseeg ntawm tus vajtswv no yog keeb kwm ntawm sab hnub tuaj. Nws tau dhau los ua thoob plaws hauv tebchaws Greece tom qab ntau dua li kev ntseeg ntawm lwm tus vajtswv. Nrog kev nyuaj heev, dhau li ntawd, nws tau tsim nws tus kheej ntawm no. Lub npe ntawm Dionysus tseem tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj txij li xyoo pua 14th BC, tab sis qhov nrov ntawm kev ntseeg tau ua tiav tsuas yog hauv 7th-8th centuries AD. e., thaum cov kev ntseeg ntawm Dionysus pib maj mam hloov kev pe hawm ntawm lwm tus phab ej thiab vajtswv.

Ntau tom qab, Dionysus tau los ua ib tug ntawm 12 Olympian vajtswv. Nws pib hwm ntawm Delphi, nrog rau Apollo. Nws tau mob siab rau hauv Attica tshwj xeeb hnub so, hu ua Dionysia. Lawv suav nrog kev ua koob tsheej, kev sib twpaj huam;

Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Dionysus hauv Acropolis

Pisistratus, uas kav lub sijhawm ntawd, yog tus qhuas ntawm Dionysus, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm winemaking, lom zem, kev ntseeg siab. Tus vajtswv no kuj muaj koob meej raws li kev tshem cov hlua ntawm lub neej txhua hnub, dim ntawm kev txhawj xeeb.

Lub Acropolis, nyob rau sab qab teb, tau tsim ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm tus kav no. Sanctuary ntawm Dionysus Eleuthereus. Nws muaj ib tug pej thuam ancient ntawm no deity, thiab tom qab ib pliag nws tau txiav txim siab los hloov lub qub tuam tsev nrog ib tug tshiab. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tshiab Sanctuary tam sim no sawv ib tug tshiab pej thuam ntawm Dionysus, adorned nrog kub, ua los ntawm kaus ntxhw. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Peisistratus, lub tsev seev cev tau ua nyob ze ntawm lub tuam tsev. Nws yog nws uas tau los ua thawj "cib" hauv lub tsev ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus.

ntoo thiab pob zeb ua yeeb yam

Nws yog thawj ua los ntawm ntoo. Kev ua yeeb yam raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm Euripides, Sophocles, Aristophanes, Aeschylus tau tuav ntawm no. Tab sis tsis ntev cov rooj zaum ntoo npaj rau pej xeem tau rov tsim dua. Lawv tau dhau los ua pob zeb - ntau ruaj thiab txhim khu kev qha. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Cov Greeks nyiam ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam, uas thaum kawg tau los ua tsis yog ib feem ntawm kev ua koob tsheej rau pej xeem thiab kev cai dab qhuas, tab sis ib daim duab kos duab, nrog nws cov kev cai thiab kev cai. Lub Tsev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Dionysus hauv Athens (saib daim duab hauv qab no) yog lub tsev zoo nkauj heev txawm tias niaj hnub no.

67 seats

Npaj piav txog qhov noamazing piv txwv ntawm Roman architecture muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm. Lub theatre ntawm Dionysus yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, nws thawj kab muaj 67 lub rooj zaum, uas tau ua los ntawm cov pob zeb uas tsis tshua muaj thiab kim tshaj plaws. Lawv tsis yog los ntawm txoj kev npaj rau cov neeg siv. Lawv tau nyob los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe uas tau mus xyuas lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus hauv tebchaws Greece. Qee qhov, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, txawm tias tau kos nrog cov npe ntawm cov neeg uas tau kav ntau lub sijhawm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Greek thaum ub. Niaj hnub no, ntawm qhov chaw uas lub tsev ua yeeb yam nyob, koj tuaj yeem pom cov rooj zaum no. Muaj tseeb tiag, tsis yog txhua tus tau muaj txoj sia nyob.

Nyob rau ntawm ib lub me me, nyob rau hauv kab thib ob, yog lub rooj zaum ntawm Hadrian, tus huab tais Roman, uas tau raug hu ua tus hlub ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, kev xav thiab paj huam. Ntawm no, ntxiv rau, Nero nyiam hais lus me ntsis tom qab - lwm tus huab tais Roman, uas tau los ua nto moo thoob plaws ntiaj teb rau nws saj tsis zoo. Nws yog nws ib zaug hlawv lub peev ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws.

Txoj Kev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Dionysus

Raws li qhov kev xav ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los uas tau koom nrog hauv kev khawb av, lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus tuaj yeem haum tau yuav luag 17 txhiab tus neeg, xav pom kev ua yeeb yam nrog lawv tus kheej ob lub qhov muag.

Daim duab no yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no, tab sis nws tau zoo heev rau lub sijhawm ntawd thiab muaj txog li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Athens. Lub theatre ntawm Dionysus, vim nws loj, tsis muaj ru tsev npog. Ob leeg saib thiab koomcov kev ua yeeb yam tau tawm sab nraud. Lub teeb ntuj ci ntsa iab ua dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau theem ntawm lub tsev xws li kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus (Greece). Nws daim duab tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no.

Theatre reconstruction

Tus qauv tau hloov nws cov tsos ob peb zaug. Ua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 5 BC. e. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus tau dhau los ua qee qhov kev hloov pauv thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Raws li peb tau hais lawm, cov rooj zaum ntoo, nrog rau theem, tau hloov tom qab qee lub sijhawm nrog marble sawv daws yuav. Nyob rau xyoo pua 1 A. D. e., thaum nws yog kev cai, ntxiv rau kev ua yeeb yam, tuav kev ua yeeb yam gladiatorial thiab circus, thawj kab ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam no tau ntxiv nrog ib sab ua los ntawm cov hlau rods thiab marble. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg tuaj saib tsis ntshai cov tsiaj txhu thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 2nd, thaum Nero, Roman tus huab tais, los ua lub hwj chim, lub restoration ntawm lub tsev kuj kov lub orchestra - nyob ze ntawm lub theem, nyob rau hauv lub choir. Nws tau ua ntau embossed thiab decorated nrog paintings depicting scenes los ntawm myths xwb ntawm Dionysus.

Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Greeks thaum ub

Hais txog kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam nyob rau lub sijhawm qub, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lawv txawv ntawm cov niaj hnub no. Hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub, cov pej xeem tuaj yeem ua raws li kev ua ntawm tsuas yog ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam, uas "hais txog" txoj hmoo ntawm qee tus phab ej, nrog rau pawg hu nkauj. Ib me ntsis tom qab, ob peb ntawm lawv tau pib koom nrog hauv kev ua yeeb yam ib zaug, tab sis lawv txoj kev ua yeeb yam muaj tsawg heev. Yog vim li cas rau qhov noTxhua tus neeg ua yeeb yam yuav tsum tau muab lub npog ntsej muag ntawm ib qho ntawm cov cim nyob rau hauv lem, thiab tag nrho cov txuj ci, yog li, raug txo kom muaj peev xwm deftly thiab txawj tswj lub cev thiab lub suab.

Cov neeg Greek thaum ub tau hais li cas txog kev ua yeeb yam?

Cov pej xeem ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd coj txawv txawv. Yog tias hnub no qhov kev ua yeeb yam xaus nrog kev quaj ntawm "Bravo!" thiab qhuas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev vam meej, thiab silence - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm, ces nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm txhua yam txawv kiag li. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam uas lawv nyiam kuj tau txais cua daj cua dub: qhuas kev quaj thiab suab nrov nrov. Tab sis cov neeg saib, uas yog vim li cas qee qhov tsis lees txais lossis nkag siab txog kev ua yeeb yam, tsis muaj kev nyob ntsiag to. Lawv tau hais tias lawv tsis pom zoo los ntawm stomping thiab xiab. Cov neeg tuaj saib npau taws, tsis tas li ntawd, tuaj yeem pov pob zeb ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam, thov kom pib ua yeeb yam. Tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev ua yeeb yam yuav tsum ua rau nws txaus siab, yog li nws yuav pib ua yeeb yam tom ntej yog tias nws tseem ciaj sia.

Lub Tsev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Dionysus hauv Athens tau mus txog qib siab ntau dua kaum xyoo tom qab nws qhib. Pib txij li xyoo 16th thiab 17th, kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Shakespearean ua yeeb yam pib muaj nyob ntawm no, nrog rau lwm yam kev ua yeeb yam hauv chav kawm siab los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab Elizabethans uas xyaum cov neeg qub.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov pom, los ntawm qhov tau khaws cia hauv qhov chaw ua yeeb yam yog cov duab puab frieze piav qhia txog kev lom zem satires. Nws nyob ntawm no txij thaum Nero kav.

Restoration of theatre of Dionysus

Cov tub ceev xwm Greek hnub no tham txog yam uas twb tau muab faib rau kev txhim kho lub tsevntau tshaj 6 lab euros, uas tau sau tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov nyiaj los ntawm lub xeev pob nyiaj siv, tab sis kuj nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug coj mus muag lub koom haum hu ua Diazoma, nto moo nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws rau nws lub siab xav khaws cia thiab tiv thaiv feem ntau ancient monuments ntawm architecture thiab keeb kwm. Thaum nruab nrab xyoo 2015, nws tau npaj ua kom tiav cov haujlwm kho dua tshiab. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws kuj tau npaj kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa, ntxiv ob peb theem tshiab ntawm cov rooj zaum, thiab kho cov khoom zoo nkauj. Kev kho dua tshiab thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm qhov chaw keeb kwm tseem ceeb xws li Kev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Dionysus hauv Athens tau tso siab rau Konstantinos Boletis. Tus kws kes duab vajtse Greek no tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm qhov project uas loj heev hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab nyuaj.

Architectural monuments nyob ze ntawm lub theatre

Cov neeg taug kev mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws yuav xav paub tias lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub yog ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau yam vaj tse monuments uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no. Lawv kuj nyob rau lub sijhawm qub. Qhov no, piv txwv li, yog lub tuam tsev ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Artemis, uas yog tus patroness ntawm txhua yam muaj sia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb dai ntawm lub theatre. Thaum muaj ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Panagia Spiliotisa (uas yog, Peb Poj Niam ntawm Qhov tsua). Cov poj niam uas cov me nyuam mob hnyav tau ntev tau hu nws pab. Koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov kab nyob tsis deb ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus, qhia tias muaj ib qho kev nco txog ntawm qhov chaw no, uas yog lub cim ntawm kev yeej ntawm pawg ua yeeb yam ntawm ib qho ntawm cov festivals ntawm Ancient Greece.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus kuj yog cov ruins ntawm ob lub tuam tsev rau qhov novajtswv. Lawv rov qab mus rau 6th thiab 4th centuries BC. e. Cov pob zeb uas yog lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Pericles Odeon nyob rau sab xis. Lub tsev no rov qab mus rau 40 BC. e.