Dab tsi yog txheej txheem sau ntawv
Dab tsi yog txheej txheem sau ntawv

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Video: Dab tsi yog txheej txheem sau ntawv
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Lo lus "txoj kev sau ntawv" tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg tsis paub txog nws lub ntsiab lus mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Vim nws tsis paub meej tias cov txheej txheem no yog dab tsi, vim li cas nws tshwm sim, nws txuas nrog dab tsi, thiab raws li txoj cai dab tsi nws tshwm sim. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog lub tswv yim no kom ntxaws. Peb yuav xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem sau ntawv ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries.

txheej txheem sau ntawv yog dab tsi?

txheej txheem sau ntawv
txheej txheem sau ntawv

Lub tswvyim no txhais tau tias:

  • muaj tswv yim lub neej nyob rau hauv tag nrho ntawm qhov tseeb thiab tshwm sim ntawm ib lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm;
  • kev sau ntawv hauv ntiaj teb kev nkag siab, suav nrog txhua lub hnub nyoog, kab lis kev cai thiab lub tebchaws.

Thaum siv lo lus nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab thib ob, lo lus "keeb kwm thiab kev sau ntawv" feem ntau siv.

Feem ntau, lub tswv yim piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv keeb kwm hauv ntiaj teb thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv tebchaws, uas, txhim kho, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg.

Nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog cov txheej txheem no, cov kws tshawb fawb daws tau ntau yam teeb meem nyuaj, ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yog kev hloov pauv ntawm qee cov qauv paj huam, tswv yim, dej ntws thiab cov lus qhia rau lwm tus.

Influence of writers

literary process 19
literary process 19

Cov txheej txheem sau ntawv kuj suav nrog cov kws sau ntawv uas, nrog lawv cov txuj ci tshiab thiab kev sim nrog cov lus thiab daim ntawv, hloov txoj hauv kev los piav txog lub ntiaj teb thiab tib neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws sau ntawv tsis ua rau lawv qhov kev tshawb pom los ntawm kos, vim tias lawv yuav tsum vam khom rau cov kev paub ntawm lawv cov thawj coj, uas nyob hauv nws lub teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws. Ntawd yog, tus kws sau ntawv siv yuav luag txhua qhov kev paub txog kev kos duab ntawm noob neej. Los ntawm qhov no peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tswv yim tshiab thiab qub, thiab txhua qhov kev sau ntawv tshiab tau muab tso rau nws tus kheej cov ntsiab lus muaj tswv yim, uas, tso siab rau kev coj noj coj ua, txawm li cas los xij tawm tsam lawv.

Evolution of trends and genres

Cov txheej txheem sau ntawv yog li suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm hom thiab cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, Fabkis cov kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm es tsis txhob ntawm baroque, uas zoo siab txais tos lub siab nyiam ntawm cov kws sau paj huam thiab playwrights, classicist cov hauv paus ntsiab lus uas implied kev ua raws li cov kev cai nruj. Txawm li cas los, twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, romanticism tshwm sim, tsis kam lees txhua txoj cai thiab tshaj tawm txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm tus kws kos duab. Tom qab ntawd realism tau tshwm sim, uas tau tshem tawm cov neeg nyiam romanticism thiab muab tso rau nws tus kheej cov cai rau kev ua haujlwm. Thiab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus qhia no kuj yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem sau ntawv, nrog rau cov laj thawj uas lawv tshwm sim, thiab cov kws sau ntawv uas ua haujlwm hauv lawv.

Tsis txhob hnov qab txog yam. Yog li, qhov tshiab, hom loj tshaj plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws, tau ntsib ntau dua ib qho kev hloov pauv hauv kev kos duab thiab cov qauv. Thiab nws tau hloov pauv hauv txhua lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, ciib qho piv txwv ntawm Renaissance tshiab - "Don Quixote" - yog txawv kiag li ntawm "Robinson Crusoe", sau thaum lub sij hawm Enlightenment, thiab ob leeg yog dissimilar rau tej hauj lwm ntawm O. de Balzac, V. Hugo, C. Dickens.

19th century literary process
19th century literary process

Ntawv sau ntawm Russia ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th

Txoj kev sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. nthuav tawm ib daim duab uas nyuaj heev. Lub sijhawm no, evolution ntawm tseem ceeb realism tshwm sim. Thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov qauv no yog N. V. Gogol, A. S. Pushkin, I. S. Turgenev, I. A. Goncharov, F. M. Dostoevsky thiab A. P. Chekhov. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv no sib txawv heev, txawm li cas los xij, lawv txhua tus koom nrog tib txoj kev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev thuam kev sau ntawv hauv qhov kev hwm no tsis yog hais txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus kheej ntawm cov kws sau ntawv nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tseeb nws tus kheej thiab tus qauv ntawm kev paub lub ntiaj teb thiab tus txiv neej.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 19th, romanticism tau hloov los ntawm "natural school", uas twb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua tau pib pom tias yog ib yam dab tsi tiv thaiv kev sau ntawv ntxiv. F. Dostoevsky thiab L. Tolstoy pib txuas ntxiv thiab ntau qhov tseem ceeb rau kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv lawv txoj haujlwm. Qhov no tau dhau los ua ib theem tshiab hauv kev txhim kho ntawm kev muaj tiag hauv Russia, thiab "lub tsev kawm ntawv ntuj" tau dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm cov chav kawm dhau los tsis tau siv lawm. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov kev sau ntawv tshiab tau nqus cov qub, ib nrab tawm hauv nws daim ntawv qub, ib nrab hloov nws. Txawm li cas los xij, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws ntawm Lavxias, nrog rau cov ntawv nyeem hauv tsev ntawm cov ntawv nyeem txawv teb chaws.

txheej txheem sau ntawvnees nkaum
txheej txheem sau ntawvnees nkaum

Cov ntawv nyeem sab hnub poob ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th

Cov txheej txheem sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th hauv Tebchaws Europe suav nrog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb - romanticism thiab realism. Ob leeg los ua ib qho kev xav txog keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm no. Nco qab tias nyob rau lub sijhawm no muaj kev hloov pauv kev lag luam, cov chaw tsim khoom qhib, kev tsheb ciav hlau tau tsim, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Great Fabkis Revolution tshwm sim, uas ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Cov xwm txheej no, ntawm chav kawm, kuj tau xav txog hauv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tib lub sijhawm los ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm sib txawv: romanticism nrhiav kev khiav tawm ntawm kev muaj tiag thiab tsim nws lub ntiaj teb zoo tagnrho; realism - txheeb xyuas qhov tshwm sim thiab sim hloov qhov tseeb.

Romanticism, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tau maj mam dhau los ua tsis tiav nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tab sis kev muaj tiag, uas tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tau txais lub zog los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua. Txoj kev qhia tseeb tawm qhov tseeb thiab tshaj tawm nws tus kheej nyob ib ncig ntawm 30-40s.

Kev muaj koob meej ntawm kev muaj tiag yog piav qhia los ntawm nws txoj kev coj noj coj ua, uas yog xav tau los ntawm tib neeg lub sijhawm ntawd.

keeb kwm kev sau ntawv
keeb kwm kev sau ntawv

Ntawv sau ntawm Russia ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

Txoj kev sau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. complex, khaus thiab tsis meej pem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau Russia. Qhov no yog kev cob cog rua, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nrog emigrant ntaub ntawv. Cov kws sau ntawv uas raug ntiab tawm ntawm lawv lub tebchaws tom qab 1917 kiv puag ncig txuas ntxiv mus sau ntawv txawv teb chaws, txuas ntxiv cov kev sau ntawv yav dhau los. Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim hauv Russia? Ntawm no, ntau yam kev taw qhia thiab cov dej ntws, hu ua Silver Age,yuam kom nqaim mus rau qhov hu ua socialist realism. Thiab tag nrho cov kev sim los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv kom txav mus deb ntawm nws yog qhov hnyav heev. Txawm li cas los xij, tej hauj lwm tau tsim tab sis tsis luam tawm. Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv no yog Akhmatova, Zoshchenko, los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv antagonist tom qab - Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Venedikt Erofeev, thiab lwm yam. Txhua tus ntawm cov kws sau ntawv no yog tus ua tiav ntawm kev sau ntawv kab lig kev cai ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm socialist realism. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog cov hauj lwm "Moscow - Petushki", sau los ntawm V. Erofeev nyob rau hauv 1970 thiab luam tawm nyob rau sab hnub poob. Zaj paj huam no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem tom qab.

Mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub USSR, tej hauj lwm uas tsis muaj feem xyuam rau social realism yog xyaum tsis luam. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab lub xeev lub cev qhuav dej, qhov kaj ntug ntawm phau ntawv luam tawm tau pib. Txhua yam uas tau sau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, tab sis raug txwv, yog luam tawm. Cov kws sau ntawv tshiab tshwm sim, txuas ntxiv cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Silver Age cov ntaub ntawv, txwv thiab txawv teb chaws.

Western cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

20th century literary process
20th century literary process

Cov txheej txheem kev sau ntawv sab hnub poob ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog cov xwm txheej keeb kwm, tshwj xeeb, nrog kev ua tsov rog ntiaj teb thawj zaug thiab thib ob. Cov xwm txheej no ua rau Europe xav tsis thoob.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb sawv tawm - modernism thiab postmodernism (muaj 70s). Thawj suav nrog xws li tam sim no xws li existentialism, expressionism, surrealism. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, modernism feem ntau vividly thiab intensively loj hlob nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ces maj mam poob av rau postmodernism.

Zoo kawg

Yog li, cov txheej txheem sau ntawv yog ib txheej ntawm cov dej ntws, cov lus qhia, cov neeg sau ntawv thiab cov xwm txheej keeb kwm hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Xws li kev xav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua rau nws nkag siab txog cov cai uas nws muaj nyob thiab dab tsi cuam tshuam nws txoj kev hloov pauv. Qhov pib ntawm kev sau ntawv tuaj yeem hu ua thawj txoj haujlwm tsim los ntawm noob neej, thiab nws qhov kawg yuav los tsuas yog thaum peb tso tseg.

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