Portrait nyob rau hauv kos duab ntawm Russia. Fine art portrait

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Portrait nyob rau hauv kos duab ntawm Russia. Fine art portrait
Portrait nyob rau hauv kos duab ntawm Russia. Fine art portrait

Video: Portrait nyob rau hauv kos duab ntawm Russia. Fine art portrait

Video: Portrait nyob rau hauv kos duab ntawm Russia. Fine art portrait
Video: Plab Plab Ntswg..(Pluav Pluav Ntswg) Maiv Twm New Song 2023-2024 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav xav txog ib tug portrait nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm Russia. Tus nqi ntawm hom ntawv no nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias tus kws kos duab sim qhia nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tus duab ntawm tus neeg tiag tiag. Qhov ntawd yog, nrog kev txawj ntse, peb tuaj yeem paub txog qee lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm daim duab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg pleev kob sim tsis tsuas yog piav qhia cov yam ntxwv sab nraud xwb, tab sis kuj tseem qhia txog lub xeev sab hauv ntawm tus neeg uas poses.

Nyeem thiab koj yuav kawm txog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho cov duab Lavxias los ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog mus rau tam sim no.

Portrait hom hauv art

Portrait hauv kev kos duab zoo, raws li peb nkag siab nws niaj hnub no, sawv tawm tsis ntev los no. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, historian ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Fabkis huab tais Louis XIV, André Félibien, hais kom hu lo lus no tsuas yog cov duab ntawm tib neeg.

portrait nyob rau hauv russian art
portrait nyob rau hauv russian art

Txog lub sijhawm ntawd, lo lus no txhais tau tias tag nrho cov duab, txawm tiastsiaj, nroj tsuag, los yog ntxhia. Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, muaj tus cwj pwm txawv me ntsis rau tsiaj dua li tam sim no. Lawv tuaj yeem raug foob, raug tsim txom thiab txiav txim raws li kev cai lij choj.

Ua raws Felibien, Arthur Schopenhauer tau qhia lub tswv yim tias tsiaj txhu tsuas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo, lawv tsis muaj tib neeg tus kheej. Tsis tas li niaj hnub no, cov cim tsis suav tias yog cov duab, vim lawv tsis pleev xim los ntawm tus thawj.

Yog li, cov duab kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los, tab sis thaum ub nws tau nkag siab tias "ua haujlwm zoo".

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hom ntawv no yog vim muaj ob yam - kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem sau ntawv (suab, lub cev, thiab lwm yam), nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm tus neeg qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov loj tshaj kev vam meej ntawm portraits ntog nyob rau hauv lub kaum yim caug xyoo, thaum lub tswv yim hais txog tus kheej thiab lub realization ntawm lub zoo tagnrho nyob rau hauv tus kheej prevailed nyob rau hauv Western Europe.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm

Qhov tseeb, cov duab kos duab hauv tebchaws Russia tsuas yog nyob ntawm ciam teb ntawm lub xyoo pua xya thiab kaum yim. Ua ntej ntawd, muaj cov duab nyob rau hauv medieval style, thaum tus kheej faded rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.

portrait nyob rau hauv zoo arts
portrait nyob rau hauv zoo arts

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub sijhawm thaum ntxov ntawm Lavxias painting yog icons. Tej hauj lwm zoo li no muaj mus txog rau tiam kaum xya.

Tab sis qhov kev hloov pauv tau pib nyob rau lub sijhawm lig ntawm Kievan Rus. Cov duab zoo sib xws ntawm tsev neeg ntawm Svyatoslav, cov ntxhais ntawm Yaroslav the Wise, tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Kuj tseem muaj ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm kev kos duab nrog qee tus cwj pwm, piv txwv li, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich nrog lub tuam tsev hauv nws txhais tes. Yog linws tau muab nqi zog pub dawb rau kev tsim kho.

Thawj qhov kev sim txav mus deb ntawm canonical thiab lub tsev teev ntuj sau ntawv rau kev kos duab kos duab tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Ivan the Terrible. Peb pom nws cov duab hauv qee phau ntawv. Cov kauj ruam no tsuas yog ua tsaug rau Stoglavy Cathedral, uas tau txiav txim siab thiab ua raws li kev xav ntawm vajntxwv, huab tais thiab cov neeg ntawm cov cim.

Parsuna

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th painting tseem txhim kho. Peb pom tias portrait nyob rau hauv cov kos duab ntawm Russia tau txais ntau thiab ntau tus kheej nta. Muaj ib hom ntawv xws li "parsuna". Nws yog kev noj nyiaj txiag ntawm lo lus "tus neeg."

Cov haujlwm zoo sib xws tseem tau tsim los ntawm tempera boards, uas yog, nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm cov neeg pleev kob icon, tab sis lawv tso tawm cov duab ntawm tib neeg hauv lawv lub neej. Cov duab qub qub tshaj plaws yog parsun los ntawm Mikhail Vasilievich Skopin-Shuisky.

Tseeb, tau tsim los ua lub qhov ntxa portrait "mantle". Tab sis tus tub huabtais uas tau piav qhia rau nws tau pleev xim rau "txoj kev sawv rov los", rov qab los hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo dua, yog li nws cov yam ntxwv txawv ntawm lub ntsej muag canonical ntawm cov cim.

portrait nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab ntaub ntawv
portrait nyob rau hauv kos duab thiab ntaub ntawv

Maj mam muaj kev tawm ntawm pawg ntseeg dogma, thev naus laus zis tau qiv los ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Yog li, los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lub Tebchaws los ntawm "Sarmatian portrait", ib hom kev piav qhia txog cov neeg siab phem.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg pleev kob los ntawm Western European lub teb chaws tuaj rau Moscow los cob qhia cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv zos. Tsim "titulary" (cov phau ntawv tshwj xeeb, uas qhia txog cov qauv duab ntawm cov thawj coj nyob sab Europe).

Petrine era

Ua tau "portrait" hauv kos duabRussia tshwm tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Peter lub Great. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas tau dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv hauv lub neej ntawm lub tebchaws. Daim duab qhia txog cov tiam tshiab.

Portraits muaj ntim thiab qhov tob, cov kws ua yeeb yam paub qhov kev xav. Kev nkag siab txog kev ua si ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo tau yug los, kev sim nrog cov xim ntawm daim ntaub pib. Tseem muaj kev sib cais zaum kawg ntawm pawg ntseeg thiab kev kos duab.

portrait nyob rau hauv Russia
portrait nyob rau hauv Russia

Tam sim no pleev duab muab faib ua peb ntu - archaizing, Lavxias teb sab thiab Lavxias teb sab tsev kawm.

Thawj yog qhov tshwm sim hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm "parsuna" mus rau easel painting. Qhov thib ob yog sawv cev los ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm txawv teb chaws masters nyob rau hauv Russia. Lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv tsev tau nthuav tawm hauv cov haujlwm ntawm Nikitin, Antropov, Vishnyakov, Matveev thiab Argunov.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias ntawm lub sijhawm no tau ua thawj zaug, yog li hais, "nrhiav" nrog cov neeg European. Tab sis tom qab ob peb xyoos, kev ywj pheej kiag li tshwm sim, nrog lawv tus kheej lub zeem muag. Ntawd yog, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb-chav tsev painting chaw pib.

End of 18th century

Maj mam, daim duab duab hauv Lavxias kos duab dhau los ua cov cuab yeej ntawm nruab nrab strata ntawm tib neeg. Yog hais tias txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua thib kaum yim tsuas yog cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe nyob ze rau tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe tau piav qhia, tam sim no cov duab kos tsis yog tsuas yog cov nom tswv thiab cov tswv av xwb, tab sis txawm tias muaj ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb. Qhov kawg, tshwj xeeb, tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev kawm cov tswv yim hauv zej zog.

Nyob rau hauv lub tsib caug thiab rau caum ntawm lub kaum yim xyoo pua, portraits ntawm Empress Elizabeth Petrovna teem ib lub suab tshwj xeeb. Ntau tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe tau xaj canvases zoo ib yam li cov qauv no.

Kuj tseem ceeb, cov kws tshawb fawb pom txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov tswv tsev. Lawv qhia lawv lub zeem muag ntawm cov xim thiab cov yam ntxwv ntau dua ntawm Baroque, piv rau European cov kws ua yeeb yam uas ua haujlwm hauv Rococo style.

Cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias tsuas yog hla cov duab muaj yeeb yuj, ntsej muag muaj lub neej, cov poj niam liab qab thiab lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj.

Classicism and the Silver Age

Tseem maj mam rov qab mus rau kev sib raug zoo. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm Western European thiab Lavxias portraits. Ib hom ntawv hauv kev kos duab kos duab tau nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb arena. Tsuas yog tam sim no tsis muaj cov ntawv ci ntsa iab thiab zoo nkauj heev.

Muaj kev hloov pauv los ntawm rococo mus rau neoclassicism thiab pre-romanticism. Sentimental thiab light notes tshwm. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm lub sij hawm no yog historicism. Ntawd yog, lub suab tau teeb tsa los ntawm kev ua koob tsheej portraits ntawm tsev neeg imperial.

Lub sijhawm no yog xav txog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Shchukin, Rokotov, Borovikovsky thiab Levitsky.

Tom ntej los txog lub sijhawm ntawm kev hlub. Ntawm no cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws yog Bryullov, Varnek, Tropinin thiab Kiprensky.

Tom qab los txog qhov tseeb, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Repin, Surikov thiab Serov.

portrait hom nyob rau hauv zoo arts
portrait hom nyob rau hauv zoo arts

Lub Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj Txiag ntawm Lavxias painting tau muab lub ntiaj teb xws li tus tswv xws li Malevich, Vrubel, Malyutin, Somov, Konchalovsky thiab lwm tus.

Soviet portrait

Ib daim duab hauv kev kos duab tam sim no tsis yog txiav txim los ntawm lub tswv yim, zoo li nws yog nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, tab sis los ntawmsab nyiaj txiag ntawm qhov teeb meem.

Tab sis ntawm cov duab ntawm Malevich thiab peb lub sijhawm muaj tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm Soviet Union.

Ntawm no cov tswv yim ntawm thawj nthwv dej ntawm avant-gardism yog tsim, Moscow thiab Leningrad cov tsev kawm ntawv, "Builders of Bratsk". Socialist realism yog qhov tseem ceeb.

portrait nyob rau hauv contemporary art
portrait nyob rau hauv contemporary art

Yog li, hnub no peb tau paub txog keeb kwm ntawm kev kos duab hauv Lavxias.

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