Vyatka painting: keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, cim, duab
Vyatka painting: keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, cim, duab

Video: Vyatka painting: keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, cim, duab

Video: Vyatka painting: keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, cim, duab
Video: Kurt Cobain paintings on display! 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Painting on ntoo tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia ntev dhau los, thiab daim duab kos duab no tseem muaj kev txaus siab rau ntau tus kws kos duab thiab cov kws paub txog kab lis kev cai. Txawm tias cov menyuam yaus paub zoo txog Khokhloma thiab maj mam Gzhel. Tab sis txawm lub fact tias Vyatka painting tsis yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho ntawm feem mysterious thiab zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv Russia. Tau kawg, cov khoom siv tes ua no tau muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis ntau tus tswv siv nws los txog niaj hnub no.

Vyatka painting

Vyatka painting
Vyatka painting

Painting on wood is an art that has come to the modern world from the time immemorial. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, kiag li chaotic ntsiab yeej muaj ib tug semantic load. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, txhua yam khoom dai kom zoo nkauj nrog Vyatka painting yog tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv lub tsev, tus tswv thiab tag nrho nws tsev neeg. Vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv yav tas los tib neeg tsis tshua tau piav lawv lub neej txhua hnub, lub ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov cim yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom rov zoo. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub muaj masters uas tseem sivVyatka painting nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau los ua purely zoo nkauj.

Hauv Moscow thiab lwm lub nroog loj, xws li Smolensk thiab Kazan, lawv muag ntau cov tais diav zoo nkauj rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Masters tsis nqis peev ib qho kev nkag siab ntawm cov khoom zoo li no, thiab tag nrho cov tha xim tsuas yog ua kom zoo nkauj rau cov phiaj. Cov neeg ncig teb chaws los ntawm lwm lub teb chaws nyiam Vyatka painting, thiab lawv zoo siab yuav khoom siv hauv tsev ua nyob rau hauv cov style no.

History of Creation

Phaj hauv Vyatka style
Phaj hauv Vyatka style

Los ntawm lub npe ntawm kev kos duab nws pom tseeb tias nws yog nyob rau hauv thaj av Vyatka. Thiab qhov no muaj tseeb, nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev tau pleev xim rau tib yam. Yog li, lub log tig, lub hauv siab, cov txee, lub hauv siab ntawm cov tub rau khoom, lub rooj zaum thiab txawm tias tag nrho lub tsev tuaj yeem dai kom zoo nkauj hauv Vyatka painting.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm tus tswv tau ntev yog lub qhov cub, lossis qhov zoo, txoj kev ua kom sov lub tsev pheeb suab. Thaum cov chimneys tseem tsis tau tsim, tag nrho cov hmoov av poob rau hauv lub tsev pheeb suab, yog li nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los pleev xim ib yam dab tsi. Tom qab ob peb lub hlis, nws tig dub lawm. Tab sis nrog lub invention ntawm "dawb" cua sov, Vyatka ntoo painting los ua nyob rau hauv kev thov. Lub qhov cub nws tus kheej, lub ces kaum liab, lev thiab txawm lub qhov rooj - txhua yam pib ua kom zoo nkauj.

Historians tseem tsis tau paub meej hnub thaum lub kab lis kev cai Vyatka tau tshwm sim, tab sis thawj zaug pom los ntawm archaeologists hnub rov qab mus rau 9th-10th centuries. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, txawm tias qhov tseeb hais tias kev cai raus dej ntawm Russia tau tshwm sim, ntau tus tseem ntseeg nyob rau hauv polytheism thiab pagan rites.

Tau kawg, cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj tau tshwm simib lub sij hawm ntev heev, tab sis nws tseem vam meej nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tsov ntxhuav dhau los ua lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ua khoom plig hauv tsev.

Vyatka chest

Antique hauv siab
Antique hauv siab

Cov poj koob yawm txwv pleev xim yuav luag txhua yam khoom hauv tsev. Txij li thaum tsis muaj wardrobes thiab lub hauv siab ntawm drawers, cov niam tsev khaws tag nrho cov khoom ntawm tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab. Txhawm rau muab cov khoom ua kom zoo nkauj, nws tau pleev xim nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev pleev xim thiab cov khoom dai tsis yog tsuas yog ua kom zoo nkauj xwb. Qhov no kuj tau ua los txhawm rau tiv thaiv tsev thiab tsev neeg los ntawm dab phem. Tau kawg, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th ntseeg Vajtswv tau vam meej nrog lub zog thiab lub ntsiab, tab sis tseem cov neeg Lavxias tseem ntseeg cov vajtswv pagan.

Pob zeb craft: ntoo painting

Nws tau ntev ua kev cai nyob rau hauv lub xeev Vyatka los piav txog paj, tsiaj txhu thiab cov duab geometric ntawm cov khoom hauv tsev. Piv txwv li, rhombuses, voj voog thiab squares tau nrov heev, thiab daim duab peb sab thiab hnub qub yuav luag tsis pom ntawm ib qho tais diav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tib neeg tau pleev xim tsis tshua muaj, qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias ib tus neeg tsis pom lwm lub ntiaj teb, uas txhais tau hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv nws tsev neeg thiab tsev ntawm nws. Paj tsis tau piav qhia nyias, tab sis ua ke rau hauv cov paj zoo nkauj lossis txawm tias bouquets.

Cov hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus uas cov tswv tau siv hauv kev pleev xim.

Zoo thiab rhombus

Ntawm tag nrho cov duab geometric, qhov no feem ntau pom ntawm cov khoom dai. Thiab tag nrho vim hais tias lub voj voog nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm muaj lub ntsiab lus dawb ceev - nws symbolized lub hnub. Thiab cov strokes nyob ib ncig ntawm nws sawv cev rau lub rays. Ces yog koj saibLub hauv siab thaum ub, ib lo lus nug tsim nyog tshwm sim: "Vim li cas ob peb lub hnub nyob ntawm ib qho khoom ib zaug?" Nws hloov tawm tias lub voj voog sawv cev ntawm kev txav ntawm lub hnub qub hla saum ntuj. Qhov ntawd yog, kev hloov ntawm hmo ntuj thiab nruab hnub.

Ib lub cim nquag hauv kab lis kev cai yog daim duab geometric ntawm lub rhombus, nws tus kheej fertility thiab kev vam meej. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias txhua lub cim ntawm cov khoom muaj nws tus kheej lub luag hauj lwm, craftsmen tej zaum kuj ntxiv tsis tshua muaj nuj nqis. Yog li, nws tsis yog kev cai los kos cov hnub qub, tab sis archaeologists pom cov tais diav nrog cov duab ntawm luminaries. Feem ntau, cov cim zoo li no tshwm sim thaum cov ntseeg Vajtswv twb tau pib hauv tebchaws Russia.

Vyatka os

Duck nyob rau hauv Vyatka painting
Duck nyob rau hauv Vyatka painting

Feem ntau, cov Slavs thaum ub tau piav qhia tsuas yog qhov lawv pom ntawm lawv lub qhov muag, qhov no yog vim tsis muaj phau ntawv, cia nyob ib leeg hauv TV. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li ib tug tsiaj li duck-nees tshwm sim hauv Vyatka kab lis kev cai. Cov tsiaj nyaum no muaj keeb kwm mythological, thiab nws muaj cov yam ntxwv xws li kev nplua nuj, kev muaj sia nyob thiab kev vam meej.

Duck thiab nees yog cov tsiaj uas nyob hauv txhua tsev neeg. Feem ntau, qhov no yog vim li cas tib neeg muab lawv los ua ib qho duab los saum ntuj los. Artiodactyls qhia txog lub zog thiab kev ua siab ntev. Ib tug duck yeej ib txwm ua tus niam thiab saib xyuas. Yog li ntawd, tus cwj pwm tsis tseeb yog niam thiab txiv dov ua ib qho, uas yog, tsev neeg.

Nyob tiag tiag

Owl - lub cim ntawm kev txawj ntse
Owl - lub cim ntawm kev txawj ntse

Nrog cov tsiaj ntawv tseeb, cov kws kos duab thaum ub nyiam piav txog tsov ntxhuav. Tab sis ntawm no cov lus nug tshwm sim: nyob rau hauv lub xeev Vyatka tsis muaj cov tsiaj zoo li lawv ua tau thaum ntawdsaib tus tswv? Feem ntau, cov tsov ntxhuav tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm kev lag luam qhib. Thiab lawv tau piav qhia txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm dab phem.

Cov noog hauv Vyatka pleev xim kuj ua tus tiv thaiv. Feem ntau lawv tau depicted schematically, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm checkmarks. Tab sis cov kws tshaj lij kos duab kos tag nrho cov ntsiab lus, yog li lawv piav qhia cov noog xws li qaib, ducks, crows thiab owls. Cov tom kawg kuj yog tus neeg muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab kev txawj ntse. Raws li kev ntseeg ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv, owls yeej ib txwm suav hais tias yog tus xa xov zoo.

Tsev Painting Technology

ntoo painting txheej txheem
ntoo painting txheej txheem

Cov xim tseem ceeb hauv Vyatka kos duab yog xim liab - ua lub cim ntawm lub neej - thiab dawb, uas qhia txog kev purity ntawm thawj lub ntiaj teb. Xim xws li daj, txiv kab ntxwv, ntsuab thiab dub kuj muaj raws li ntxiv.

Nyob rau thaum ub, tsis muaj txhuam, yog li ntawd, luav ko taw tau pleev xim rau hauv siab. Thiab txhawm rau tsim cov ntsiab lus zoo dua, cov cuab yeej raug txiav lossis ua qauv nrog cov nplaum.

Tsis tas li, yog tias peb xav txog qhov kev tshawb pom archaeological, koj tuaj yeem pom tias daim duab zoo ib yam nkaus. Qhov no tau ua tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm cov nyiaj tshwj xeeb. Cov tswv thaum ub tau xaiv txawm sticks nrog ib txoj kab uas loj thiab tsim ib tug qauv rau lawv.

Ua ntej pleev xim lub hauv siab, muab cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb rau nws. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, nws tsis yog khov, nws yog tsim nyog los npog cov khoom nrog cov xim tom qab. Tom qab ntawd lwm txheej ntawm cov kua nplaum tau siv. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav cov kauj ruam no, nws tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha mus rau kev pleev xim ntawm cov khoom.

Tam sim no technologyhloov, es tsis txhob ua kua nplaum lawv siv lub hauv paus tshwj xeeb, thiab es tsis txhob ntawm hare ko taw - txhuam ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv. Tab sis nws hloov tawm tias qhov no tsis yog qhov txawv xwb. Ancient masters siv tsuas yog roj pleev xim rau hauv lawv cov arsenal. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias lub sijhawm ntawd kev kho mob tsuas yog ib qho uas tsis ntshai dej. Txog rau hnub tim, los tsim Vyatka painting, xim rau painting ntawm ntoo siv txhua yam, nrog rau gouache. Thiab txhawm rau kom cov kua tsis ua rau daim duab tsis lwj, cov khoom kawg yog varnished.

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