2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Tus kws tshaj lij Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich yug rau lub Tsib Hlis 15, 1848 hauv lub zos Lopyal, hauv tsev neeg ntawm Mikhail Vasilyevich Vasnetsov, tus pov thawj. Leej txiv kwv yees rau nws tus tub lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm ib tug txiv plig, thiab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm tsim ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Vasnetsov, tus tub hluas mloog nws niam nws txiv nyob rau hauv txhua yam thiab twb ua raws li nyob rau hauv nws txiv txoj kev. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb xyoos tom qab, nws txoj hmoo tau hloov pauv loj heev. Biography ntawm tus kws kos duab Vasnetsov muaj nplooj ntawv tsim thiab paj ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm ib tus neeg pleev kob nto moo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab.
Nws tsis muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm, xws li, piv txwv li, V. I. Surikov lossis lwm tus kws ua yeeb yam nto moo, tab sis kev txawj ntawm Viktor Vasnetsov tau qhib los xyaum cov neeg pleev kob tshiab. Thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam sim kawm cov "Vasnetsov" halftones uas muaj nyob rau hauv nws epic scenes, los yog cov xim muaj kuab heev uas ua rau tus tswv lub toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj heev.
Seminary thiab Art
Xyoo 1858, ntawm kev hais lus ntawm nws txiv, cov tub ntxhais hluas Vasnetsov tau raug xaiv tsamus rau lub tsev kawm kev cai dab qhuas, qhov chaw nws kawm plaub xyoos, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm ntawm Vyatka Theological Seminary. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws nrhiav tau lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg pleev kob, thiab yav tom ntej tus kws kos duab pib kawm kos duab nrog N. G. Chernyshov, tus kws qhia gymnasium. Tom qab ntawd, nrog lub siab nyiam ntawm nws txiv, nws tawm mus rau lub seminary thiab tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov chaw uas nws nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kos duab thiab kev loj hlob ntawm arts, nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy. Tom qab kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv ib xyoos, Vasnetsov pauv mus rau Academy of Arts thiab txuas ntxiv pleev xim rau ntawd.
Tus kws kos duab nthuav tawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm rau pej xeem saib txawm nyob hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm Academy, yog li ntawd lawv yuav raug soj ntsuam los ntawm cov kws paub txog kev txhuam hniav. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam qhuas txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tshiab Vasnetsov yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, ntau tus neeg thuam tau sau tseg tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam yog lo lus tshiab hauv kev kos duab.
koom haum ntawm Wanderers
Tom qab kawm tiav Academy ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam hauv xyoo 1873, Vasnetsov tus kws kos duab pib koom nrog hauv kev nthuav qhia ntawm Wanderers koom nrog hauv St. Petersburg thiab Moscow. Lub "Partnership" suav nrog nees nkaum tus neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo Lavxias teb sab, ntawm lawv yog: I. N. Kramskoy, I. E. Repin, I. I. Shishkin, V. D. Polenov, V. I. Surikov thiab lwm tus. Viktor Vasnetsov tau nthuav tawm hauv kev mus ncig ua si nrog ob daim duab: "Tus Knight ntawm Txoj Kev Hla" thiab "Alyonushka".
Lub hom phiaj ntawm Wanderers yog kom paub cov neeg coob coob nrog cov duab Lavxias. Exhibition tau muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw, hauv nroog thiab cov zos loj, wandering tsim thiabloj hlob muaj zog. Lub hnub qub ntawm "Partnership" poob rau xyoo 1870-1880. Tom qab ntawd, cov dej num ntawm Wanderers pib ploj mus rau ntau lub hom phiaj, thiab xyoo 1922 lawv qhov kev nthuav qhia zaum kawg tau tshwm sim.
Abramtsevo
Lavxias tus kws kos duab Vasnetsov yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm "Abramtsevo Art Circle", tsim los ntawm cov neeg lag luam thiab cov neeg pab nyiaj txiag Savva Mamontov, tus tswv ntawm Abramtsevo vaj tse. Cov rooj sib tham ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, sculptors, sau ntawv thiab ntaus suab paj nruag tau teem nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev tos txais Savva Ivanovich, thiab tom qab ntawd lub voj voog tig mus rau hauv ib qho chaw loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Artists-painters tuaj rau Abramtsevo thiab nyob rau ntawd rau lub hlis, tsim lawv immortal canvases. Viktor Vasnetsov kuj yog ib tus neeg tuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua, nws tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv, cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias, teb, hav zoov thiab cov neeg hauv zos ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm toj roob hauv pes.
Academy of Arts
Xyoo 1893, Vasnetsov, tus kws kos duab, koom nrog Academy ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam thiab, twb tau ua tus tswv cuab tag nrho ntawm Academy, txuas ntxiv nws txoj haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev tsim kho Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Cov kev hloov pauv hloov thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th kuj cuam tshuam rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo. Vasnetsov tsis ncaj qha mus koom nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ub ntawm lub Union ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab neeg, ib tug txoj cai-tis monarchist lub koom haum, tab sis tsis ncaj ncees lawm txhawb lub Black Pua pua zog thiab txawm nyiaj txiag ib tug neeg luam tawm, xws li Phau Ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv 1912, tus artist tau nkag mus rau hauv lub nom tswv ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1915 nws tau los ua ib tug koom tes nyob rau hauv lub koom haum rau lub Revival ntawm Russia,uas koom ua ke ntau tus kws kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Ntau yam kev muaj tswv yim
Txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Vasnetsov yog qhov txawv ntawm ntau yam, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog lwm tus neeg pleev kob Lavxias. Nws tsim cov duab siv cov yeeb yaj kiab sib txawv, qee zaum tsis sib haum nrog ib leeg. Paintings ntawm ib tug domestic xwm nrog tiag tiag cim tau hloov los ntawm canvases nrog fairy tales. Thiab tseem, lub ntsiab lus epic-keeb kwm khiav zoo li xov liab thoob plaws lub sijhawm muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws kos duab. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem Vasnetsov tsim nws lub ntsiab masterpieces: Bogatyrs (1898), Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich lub txaus ntshai (1897), Ivan Tsarevich ntawm lub Grey Hma (1889), Alyonushka (1881), "Knight ntawm Crossroads" (1882).), "Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Igor Svyatoslavovich nrog cov Polovtsians" (1880).
Church themed
Hnub ua ntej ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Vasnetsov, tus kws kos duab uas nws "Bogatyrs", pleev xim rau xyoo 1998, tau los ua nws daim npav hu, tig mus rau lub ntsiab lus kev ntseeg. Nws pleev xim rau Vladimir Cathedral nyob rau hauv Kyiv thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub Ascension nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, lub npe hu ua lub Cathedral ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm spilled ntshav ntawm tus kwj dej Griboyedov. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws kos duab tau koom nrog kev pleev xim sab hauv ntawm Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, uas nyob hauv lub nroog Bulgaria, Sofia. Thiab rau lub tsev teev ntuj Moscow ntawm lub Nativity ntawm Presnya, Vasnetsov tsim sketches rau lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa paintings.
Civil project of the artist
Vasnetsov tus kws kos duab hauv xyoo 1917 tau hloov pauv mus rau Lavxias pej xeem epic, nws cov duab dab neeg "Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Dobrynya Nikitich nrog xya-Headed Serpent Gorynych", sau hauv 1918, thiab "Koschey Immortal" hauv 1926 tau los ua. zaj nkauj kawg.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov duab ci ntsa iab, Vasnetsov tau tsim ntau yam kev tsim vaj tsev thiab keeb kwm:
- Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tus Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes tau tsim nyob rau hauv Abramtsevo vaj tse raws li sketches los ntawm Vasnetsov ua ke nrog tus kws kos duab V. D. Polenov thiab architect P. M. Samarin (1882)
- Lub "Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm qaib ceg" tau ua hauv Abramtsevo, lub vaj gazebo raws li cov dab neeg (1883)
- Tsim lub ntxa monument ntawm Yuri Nikolaevich Govorukha-Otrok, Lavxias teb sab kws sau ntawv, nyob rau hauv lub necropolis ntawm lub Moscow Monastery ntawm lub Sorrowful (1896).
- Lavxias teb sab pavilion rau lub Ntiaj Teb Exhibition hauv Paris xyoo 1898.
- Project of I. E. Tsvetkov's mansion, ua ke nrog kws kes duab vajtse B. N. Schnaubert, nyob rau hauv Moscow ntawm Prechistenskaya embankment.
- Kev npaj rau kev npaj nkag mus hauv Tretyakov Gallery, nrog kev koom tes ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse V. N. Bashkirova hauv Moscow, Lavrushinsky txoj kab (1901).
- Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev hloov pauv ntauwd los ntawm Armory mus rau Grand Kremlin Palace hauv Moscow (1901).
- Memorial ntoo khaub lig, uas yog qhov chaw ntawm kev tuag ntawm Great Prince Sergei Alexandrovich, nyob rau hauv Moscow (1908), uas twb puas lawm thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab los ntawm sculptor N. V. Orlov, thiab ces pauv mus rau Novospassky Monastery.
- Tombstone V. A. Gringmouthtxoj cai-tis radical pej xeem daim duab, hauv Moscow, hauv necropolis ntawm Sorrowful Monastery (1908).
- Lub Cathedral ntawm St. Alexander Nevsky ntawm Miusskaya Square hauv Moscow, ua ke nrog tus kws kes duab vajtse A. N. Pomerantsev (1911).
- Txoj haujlwm rau kev kos duab kos duab kos duab tsim los tsim nyiaj rau cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev tsov rog (1914).
philately
Vasnetsov tus kws kos duab thiab nws tej hauj lwm tau ib zaug dav sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub philately ntawm lub USSR:
- Xa nyiaj stamp "Tretyakov Gallery" los ntawm tus kws kos duab A. S. Pomansky tau tso tawm xyoo 1950. Lub stamp depicts lub ntsiab facade ntawm lub Tretyakov Gallery, ua nyob rau hauv 1906 raws li sketches los ntawm Viktor Vasnetsov.
- Ib daim ntawv xa mus rau 25th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus neeg pleev kob Vasnetsov, tus sau - tus kws kos duab I. I. Dubasov, 1951.
- Postage stamp depicting V. M. Vasnetsov nyob rau hauv lub painting los ntawm tus kws kos duab I. Kramskoy, luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1952 nyob rau hauv lub ITC "Marka" nyob rau hauv No. 1649.
- Post stamp "Bogatyrs" (raws li daim duab los ntawm Vasnetsov 1881-1898) ITC "Stamp" No. 1650.
- Daim ntawv xa ntawv "Tus Knight ntawm Txoj Kev Hla" (1882), tawm xyoo 1968, tsim los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam A. Ryazantsev thiab G. Komlev, ITC "Marka", No. 3705.
- Lub 150th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Vasnetsov yug tau ua kev zoo siab hauv tebchaws Russia los ntawm kev tshaj tawm ob daim ntawv xa nyiaj nrog daim coupon.
Lub sijhawm tag nrho lub neej muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kws kos duab zoo, nws tau pleev xim rau ntau lub kaum os. 24 paintings los ntawm artist Vasnetsov nkag mus rau lub Golden Fund ntawm Lavxias teb sab Art:
- Xyoo 1871 -"Gravedigger".
- Xyoo 1876 - "Los ntawm chav tsev mus rau chav tsev".
- Xyoo 1878 - "Tus Knight ntawm Txoj Kev Hla"
- Xyoo 1879 - "Preference".
- Xyoo 1880 - "Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Igor Svyatoslavovich nrog cov Polovtsians".
- Xyoo 1880 - Alyonushkin Pond.
- Xyoo 1880 - "Flying Carpet".
- Xyoo 1881 - "Alyonushka".
- Year 1881 - "Peb Ntxhais Nkauj Ntsuab ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb"
- Year 1887 - "Warriors of the Apocalypse"
- Xyoo 1889 - "Ivan Tsarevich ntawm Grey Hma"
- Xyoo 1890 - "Kev Cai Raus Dej ntawm Russia".
- Year 1897 - "Gamayun".
- Year 1897 - "Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich the Terrible".
- Xyoo 1898 - "Heroes".
- Year 1899 - "Guslar".
- Xyoo 1899 - "Snow Maiden".
- Xyoo 1899 - "Oleg lub rooj sib tham nrog tus khawv koob".
- Xyoo 1904 - "Kev Txiav Txim Kawg".
- Xyoo 1914 - "Ilya Muromets".
- Xyoo 1914 - "Duel of Peresvet with Chelubey".
- Year 1918 - "Qab Ntxhais Ntxawm".
- Xyoo 1918 - "Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Dobrynya Nikitich nrog xya lub taub hau Serpent Gorynych".
- Year 1926 - "Koschey the Immortal".
Pom zoo:
Cov kws kos duab twg tau pleev xim rau keeb kwm? Keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub paintings nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo
Keeb kwm paintings paub tsis muaj ciam teb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntau haiv neeg ntawm lawv ib hom ntawv nyeem. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws kos duab yog qhia rau cov neeg paub txog kev kos duab kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv realism ntawm txawm mythical dab neeg
Lavxias teb sab kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias
Pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting. Iconography ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 18th pib ua tus tswv ntau yam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab lawv cov haujlwm
Tus kws kos duab nto moo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab lawv txoj haujlwm. Nto moo Lavxias teb sab sculptors
Thawj qhov tsim ntawm tib neeg txhais tes, uas tuaj yeem hu ua duab puab, tau tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej keeb kwm thiab yog peb cov poj koob yawm txwv pe hawm. Ntau pua txhiab xyoo dhau los, kev kos duab ntawm cov duab puab tau mus txog qhov siab uas tsis tau pom dua, thiab niaj hnub no hauv tsev cia puav pheej thiab ntawm txoj kev ntawm ntau lub nroog thoob ntiaj teb koj tuaj yeem pom cov masterpieces tiag tiag uas ua rau muaj kev qhuas ntawm cov neeg tuaj xyuas thiab cov neeg taug kev
Daim ntawv teev cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws (cov phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws detective phau ntawv: ib daim ntawv teev. Detectives: ib daim ntawv teev cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov kab lus sau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws sau ntawv ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai, uas nws cov haujlwm yuav tsis tso tseg tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kiv cua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam
Cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws: txhais, kev taw qhia hauv kev kos duab, nta ntawm cov duab thiab cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws
Abstract art, uas tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab, yog ib qho kev taw qhia uas tau tso tseg cov ntawv uas ze rau qhov tseeb li sai tau. Tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus to taub, nws muab impetus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cubism thiab expressionism. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm abstractionism yog tsis-objectivity, uas yog, tsis muaj ib tug recognizable khoom nyob rau hauv lub canvas, thiab cov neeg tuaj saib pom ib yam dab tsi incomprehensible thiab dhau qhov kev tswj ntawm logic, uas yog tshaj li ib txwm kev xaav
