Trumpet (suab paj nruag): hom, duab

Cov txheej txheem:

Trumpet (suab paj nruag): hom, duab
Trumpet (suab paj nruag): hom, duab

Video: Trumpet (suab paj nruag): hom, duab

Video: Trumpet (suab paj nruag): hom, duab
Video: Щит и меч, 3 серия (реставрация 4К, реж. Владимир Басов, 1967 г.) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Suab paj nruag cua tshuab trumpet - tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev tsim lub suab ntawm lub npe alto-soprano. Ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws, qhov no muaj lub suab nrov tshaj plaws. Cov yeeb nkab tau siv txij li thaum ub, ces nws tau siv los ua lub teeb liab. Nws nkag mus rau hauv lub orchestra twb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Tom qab lub valve mechanism tau tsim, lub trumpet plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug tag nrho-fledged instrument rau ua si classical music. Lub suab yog ci thiab ci ntsa iab. Cov cuab yeej siv tau los ua ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam hauv cov tooj dag, symphony orchestras, jazz thiab lwm yam.

History

Zaj instrumental no yog ib zaj qub. Thawj qhov hais txog cov khoom siv no tau tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig 3600 BC. Ntau cov kev vam meej siv cov kav dej - thiab Ancient Egypt, thiab Ancient Tuam Tshoj, thiab Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws, thiab lwm yam kab lis kev cai siv cov zoo li cov kav dej raws li cov cim qhia. Tau ntau centuries qhov no yog lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm qhov invention.

trumpet suab paj nruag instrument
trumpet suab paj nruag instrument

Nyob hauv Hnub Nyoog Kawg, cov tub rog yuav tsum muajtrumpeters uas muaj peev xwm xa tau ib lub suab txiav txim mus rau lwm lub units nyob rau ntawm ib tug txiav txim deb ntawm ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, lub trumpet (suab paj nruas ntsuas), txawm hais tias nws tsis ua kom tiav nws lub luag haujlwm, txawm li cas los xij yog ib qho tseem ceeb kos duab ua si ntawm nws. Tsuas yog cov neeg xaiv tshwj xeeb tau raug cob qhia hauv cov txuj ci no. Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntsiag to, tsis yog tsov rog, trumpeters yog obligatory koom nyob rau hauv cov hnub caiv thiab knightly tournaments. Hauv cov nroog loj muaj cov neeg tshwj xeeb ntauwd trumpeters, qhia txog kev tuaj txog ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb, kev hloov ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm hnub, kev ua ntej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog, lossis lwm yam xwm txheej tseem ceeb.

Tsis ntev ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm Renaissance, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov suab paj nruag zoo tshaj plaws. Lub trumpet pib koom nrog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub orchestra. Tsis tas li ntawd, trumpet players tau dhau los ua ntau yam zoo los ntawm kev kawm cov duab ntawm clarino. Lo lus no qhia txog kev sib kis ntawm cov suab diatonic nrog kev pab ntawm tshuab. Lub sijhawm Baroque tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog "lub hnub nyoog kub ntawm cov yeeb nkab ntuj." Puas tau txij li lub hnub nyoog classical thiab romantic, uas tso suab paj nruag ua lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam, tau los, lub suab nrov nrov tau rov qab los rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los ua tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim cov kab melodic. Thiab tsuas yog rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas hauv orchestras yog lub suab nrov siv.

trumpet suab paj nruag instrument photo
trumpet suab paj nruag instrument photo

Modern trumpet

Lub suab paj nruag uas tau txais lub tshuab valve nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thaum xub thawj tsis muaj lub koob meej zoo. Yog vim li cas yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov suab tseem tsis tau ntshiab intonation thiab tsis muaj tib yamtimbre. Ntau zuj zus, kev hloov ntawm lub suab sab sauv pib tso siab rau lub cornet, txij li nws cov ntoo yog softer, thiab nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo dua qub. Tab sis thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua, thaum tsim lub trumpet tau txhim kho, cornets yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm lub orchestra. Thaum kawg, lub trumpet muaj peev xwm qhia tag nrho cov suab uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib lub orchestra los ntawm cov twj paj nruag cua. Tam sim no, cov khoom yav dhau los tsim rau cornets yog ua los ntawm trumpet. Cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag, daim duab uas txuas nrog rau hauv tsab xov xwm, muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav cov nplai, ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem siab tshaj plaws.

Hnub no, cov twj paj nruag yog siv hauv orchestras thaum ua suab paj nruag hauv hom ska, jazz, funk, thiab kuj yog ib tus kws kos duab solo.

instrumental long trumpet
instrumental long trumpet

Pib qauv

tooj liab thiab tooj dag yog cov khoom siv feem ntau siv los ua cov kav dej. Lub suab paj nruag ua los ntawm cov nyiaj los yog lwm yam hlau yog qhov tsawg dua. Txawm nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, ib txoj kev ntawm kev tsim los ntawm ib daim ntawv ntawm hlau yog invented.

Lub suab paj nruag no muaj qhov nthuav dav. Cov yeeb nkab, raws li nws yog hu ua vim nws cov duab, cov nkhaus uas tsuas yog ua rau compactness, tsuas yog ib lub raj ntev. Lub qhov ncauj muaj me ntsis constriction, thaum lub tswb muaj ib tug expansion. Lub ntsiab ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab yog cylindrical. Nws yog daim ntawv no uas ua rau lub ci ci ntawm timbre. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom raug xam tsis tsuas yog qhov ntev, tab sis kuj yog qhov tseeb expansion ntawm lub qhov (socket) - qhov no txiav txim seb tus qauv ntawm lub ntsuas. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus tseem nyob ib yam: qhov cuab yeej suab paj nruag -kav ntev thiab xwb.

suab paj nruag cua trumpet
suab paj nruag cua trumpet

Game

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev ua si yog kom tau txais kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo los ntawm kev hloov txoj hauj lwm ntawm daim di ncauj thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov huab cua, uas yog ua tiav nrog lub valve mechanism. Peb lub rooj vag siv, ua kom nws tuaj yeem txo lub suab los ntawm lub suab nrov, ib nrab lossis ib nrab lub suab. Nias ob peb lub valve tib lub sijhawm tso cai rau koj txo qis qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas mus rau peb lub suab. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no txoj kev uas lub chromatic scale yog tiav.

Muaj ntau yam uas muaj plaub lub valve uas tso cai rau koj kom txo qis kev sib tw los ntawm tsib semitones.

Game technique

Muaj kev ua haujlwm siab, lub trumpet zoo kawg nkaus ua cov kab lus diatonic, arpeggios thiab lwm yam. Kev ua pa yog siv tsawg heev, yog li nws muaj peev xwm ua si cov lus ntawm qhov ntev thiab ci ntsa iab.

V alt trills ua haujlwm zoo rau cov cuab yeej niaj hnub no.

suab paj nruag trumpet yog dab tsi
suab paj nruag trumpet yog dab tsi

Ntau yam

hom nrov tshaj plaws yog B-flat trumpet, uas suab nrov qis dua li cov ntawv sau rau nws qhia. Tam sim no, cov ntawv sau los ntawm mi ntawm me me octave mus rau qhov thib peb octave, tab sis nws tseem muaj peev xwm rho tawm suab ntau dua los ntawm qhov ntsuas. Kev tsim niaj hnub ntawm lub trumpet tso cai rau nws ua si txhua qhov tsim nyog tonalities, tsis tshua hloov mus rau trumpet hlub los ntawm Asmeskas hauv C tuning.

Ntxiv mus, niaj hnub no muaj peb hom kav dej ntxiv uas tau tshwm sim yav dhau los.

Alto trumpet - ib lub suab seev,tsim los ua suab yuav luag plaub hauv qab cov ntawv sau. Qhov ntsuas no yog tsim nyog rau kev sib kis ntawm cov suab qis (piv txwv li, Rachmaninov's Third Symphony). Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no cov yeeb nkab no tsis tshua siv, feem ntau nws hloov los ntawm flugelhorn.

Lub suab bass thaj tsam yog lub suab paj nruag, daim duab uas yooj yim mus nrhiav tau hauv ib lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, suab ib qho octave qis dua ib lub trumpet li niaj zaus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug loj nonu yog qis dua cov ntaub ntawv thov. Siv kom txog rau thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tam sim no nws tau ua tiav los ntawm trombone - zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv, sau npe thiab timbre.

Piccolo trumpet. Tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, niaj hnub no nws tab tom ntsib ib tug tshiab nthwv dej ntawm kev muaj koob muaj npe ua tsaug rau kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov suab paj nruag. Lawv tau siv nyob rau hauv B-flat style, thaum rau cov yawm sij ntse nws tseem tuaj yeem rov tsim dua rau hauv A system. Nws muaj plaub lub li qub, tsis yog peb, zoo li cov yeeb nkab loj. Cov cuab yeej suab paj nruag yog siv nrog lub qhov ncauj me me, tab sis qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev txav mus los thiab cov ntoo.

loj trumpet tshuab raj
loj trumpet tshuab raj

Repertoire

Txawm hais tias niaj hnub trumpets uas tuaj yeem ua suab paj nruag tsis muaj kev txwv tsis ntev los no, ntau cov haujlwm solo tau sau uas tau tsim rau cov cuab yeej tiag. Niaj hnub no lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug me me (piccolo) trumpet. Ntau tus kws sau nkauj nto moo tau sau rau lub suab nrov nrov: Haydn, Weinberg, Blacher, Shchedrin, Bach, Molter, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov thiab ntau lwm tus kws sau ntawv zoo sib xws.

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