2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Chukovsky Nikolai Korneevich yog tus tub ntawm ib tug txiv nto moo, Lavxias teb sab thiab Soviet kws sau ntawv Korney Chukovsky, nws tus tub hlob, uas tau txuas nws lub neej nrog cov ntaub ntawv, kev txhais lus thiab paj huam. Nws yug hauv Odessa thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 4, 1965. Nws niam, Maria Borisovna, yog nee Golfeld. Tom qab lub tshoob, nws tau mus nrog nws tus txiv mus rau London, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg sau xov xwm rau cov luam tawm Odessa Xov xwm. Ib xyoos tom qab, twb nyob rau lub hli kawg ntawm cev xeeb tub, nws rov qab mus rau Odessa thiab yug tau ib tug tub.
Nikolai Chukovsky: biography
Nikolai tau siv sijhawm tag nrho nws thaum yau hauv St. Petersburg thiab hauv lub zos resort ntawm Kuokkale (Petersburg cheeb tsam). Ib puag ncig ntawm lawv tsev neeg tuaj yeem khib. Kuv txiv yog phooj ywg nrog cov kws sau ntawv zoo thiab kws sau paj huam hauv kev sau ntawv, xws li K. Vaginov, N. Zabolotsky, M. Slonimsky, V. Kaverin, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, nws sai heev qhia nws tus tub rau hauv lub voj voog no. Nikolai muaj hmoo tau ntes A. Blok hauv nws lub cim xeeb. Nws thiab nws txiv tau siv lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1921 ntawm lub dacha ntawm Literary Fund nrog cov neeg zoo li O. Mandelstam, V. Khodasevich, R. Dobuzhinsky thiab.lwm tus.
Kawm thiab pib ntawm kev muaj tswv yim
Chukovsky Nikolai kawm tiav Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tenishev hauv xyoo 1921, nws tau siv sijhawm ntau xyoo kawm hauv IFF ntawm Petrograd University (txog 1924). Tom qab ntawd xyoo 1930 nws kawm tiav los ntawm Supreme High Command ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Art History hauv Leningrad.
Thiab tsis ntev nws pib ua haujlwm rau Nikolai Gumilyov hauv kev sau ntawv "Sounding Plhaub". Thiab tom qab ntawd Chukovsky Nikolai tau los ze heev rau Petrograd Association ntawm Cov Neeg Sau Ntawv Hluas "Serapion Brothers". Thaum nws txawm los ua tus phab ej ntawm ib qho kev ua yeeb yam "Tus Aristocrat" los ntawm Mikhail Zoshchenko.
M. Voloshin
Los ntawm 1922 txog 1928, nws cov paj huam tau rov luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe pseudonym Nikolai Radishchev. Nws zaj paj huam tau pom zoo los ntawm M. Gorky, N. Gumilyov, V. Khodasevich. Nyob rau hauv 1928 Chukovsky Nikolay tau luam tawm thawj phau ntawv paj huam "Nyob rau hauv lub Vaj Kaj Siab", tom qab uas nws pib koom nyob rau hauv poetic translations.
Leej txiv tau qhia nws tus tub rau Maximilian Voloshin, tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias nto moo, sau ntawv thuam thiab tus kws kos duab toj roob hauv pes, thiab Nikolai txawm tuaj xyuas nws hauv Koktebel. Nyob ntawd nws tau ntsib lwm tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam Lavxias nto moo, Alexander Bely.
Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1932, Chukovsky tau mus ncig rau Litfond lub tsev so hauv Koktebel. Nyob ntawd nws tau ua tim khawv txog hnub kawg ntawm txoj sia ntawm M. Voloshin, uas tau tuag los ntawm mob stroke thib ob thaum lub Yim Hli 11, 1932. Nikolai Chukovsky nyob ntawm nws lub ntees tuag. Cov phooj ywg nqa lub hleb hauv lawv txhais tes mus rau saum toj ntawm Kuchuk-Yanyshar.
Cas
Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1937 txog 1938, lub npe Chukovsky, nrog rau cov npe ntawm L. Nikulin, V. Kibalchich, G. Kuklin, B. Lifshitz thiab lwm tus, tau pib hais txog kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tawm tsam. -Soviet agitation ntawm Moscow thiab Leningrad sau ntawv. Nws thiaj dim kev raug ntes.
Xyoo 1939 Nikolai tau raug tsim kho rau hauv tub rog. Thaum xub thawj nws yog ib tug koom nyob rau hauv lub Soviet-Finnish ua tsov ua rog, thiab ces thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ua tub rog commissar rau lub liab B altic Fleet ntawv xov xwm. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941, Chukovsky Nikolay tau taug kev los ntawm B altic chaw nres nkoj ntawm Paldiski mus rau Tallinn, nrog nws yog ib pab pawg ntawm ntau tus neeg los ntawm 10th bomber air brigade, uas yuav luag tag nrho los ntawm cov neeg German hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.
Lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm tib lub xyoo, nws tus kwv yau Boris tuag nyob ze Moscow. Nikolay raug kev txom nyem ntawm nws tus tij laug tuag heev.
Leningrad
Thaum lub sij hawm siege ntawm Leningrad, Chukovsky nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua phooj ywg nrog tus naas ej bibliophile critic A. Tarasenkov. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1943, nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus kws qhia hauv Main Political Directorate ntawm Navy ntawm lub Soviet Union, Navy Publishing Office. Ib zaug, tus kws sau ntawv tau ua txuj ci tseem ceeb muaj sia nyob, vim tias nws nyob lig ntawm Leonid Rachmaninov lub tsev, nws tsis muaj sijhawm los kos cov choj. Thaum sawv ntxov los txog tsev, nws pom tias nws lub tsev raug foob pob.
Xyoo 1946 Nikolai tau raug tshem tawm. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws pib txhais cov hauj lwm nrov los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv nto moo txawv teb chaws xws li M. Twain, R. L. Stevenson, E. Seton-Thompson, Y. Tuwim thiab lwm tus.
Nyob rau hauv lub 50s, Chukovsky coj nws cov memoirs. Thaum kawgNyob rau hauv nws lub neej, nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib ntawm lub Union ntawm Writers ntawm lub USSR thiab lub RSFSR, ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub seem ntawm cov neeg txhais lus ntawm tib lub Union ntawm Writers thiab nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub publishing tsev "Soviet Writer".
Nikolai Chukovsky: phau ntawv
Nws pib nws txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim nrog cov paj huam, ib txwm siv hauv daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus. Nws thawj zaug luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub almanac "Ushkuiniki" nyob rau hauv 1922 nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym N. Radishchev, cov no yog nws peb zaj paj huam: "Saum lub golden domes", "Rau tus ntsuj plig" thiab "Thiab lub teeb yog hlawv nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev."
Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, ob peb ntawm nws cov paj huam kuj tshwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Nakanune. Tom qab ntawd nws pib luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub publishing tsev "Lavxias teb sab Contemporary", "Leningrad", "Red Raven", "Sounding Plhaub", thiab lwm yam. M. Gorky txhawb nqa qhov kev sim poetic ntawm ib tug tub hluas txawj ntse. Xyoo 1928, nws tsuas sau cov paj huam, Los Ntawm Lub Vaj Kaj Siab Tsiaj, yuav raug tso tawm.
Tsis ntev nws pib koom tes nrog cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm Hedgehog thiab Murzilka, qhov chaw uas nws tau sau paj huam rau menyuam yaus, tab sis cov neeg thuam hais tsis zoo rau lawv, lawv hais tias, lawv tsis muaj zog thiab tsis nco qab.
Tom qab ntawd nws tawm ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov paj huam thiab muab cov ntawv tshiab "Cov Hluas" (1930), ib xyoos tom qab sau nws cov dab neeg tshiab thiab cov dab neeg luv luv "In a Sunny House" tau luam tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd xyoo 1933 - phau ntawv " Tales", nom tswv thuam hais tsis zoo txog lawv: tus sau raug liam tias muaj kev txwv tsis pub dhau.
Tus tshiab "Yaroslavl" (1938) hais txog kev tawm tsam-Soviet uprising nyob rau hauv Yaroslavl nyob rau hauv 1918 los ua ib tug muaj tswv yim zoo.
Tom qab tsov rog, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Los ntawmNws zaj dab neeg "Hiav txwv Hunter" (1945) tau ua yeeb yaj kiab. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov ci ntsa iab thiab zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tshiab B altic Sky (1955).
xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej
Nikolai Korneevich Chukovsky tuag tam sim ntawd rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 4, 1965. Raws li nws tus poj niam, Lydia, nws tau pw tom qab noj hmo thiab tsis sawv rov los. Kev tuag ntawm ib tug tub rau 83-xyoo-laus Korney Ivanovich yog ib qho kev sim txaus ntshai. Tom qab ntawd nws feem ntau sau txog nws hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe thiab ntawv.
N. K. Chukovsky tau faus rau hauv Moscow ntawm Novodevichy tojntxas. Nws tau sib yuav rau Marina Nikolaevna Reinke (1903-1993). Nws yug tau nws ob tug tub - Nikolai (communications engineer) thiab Dmitry (tus thawj coj saib TV).
Nyob rau hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev tuag, ib qho ntawm "Serapions" yuav sau tias Chukovsky yog tus kws sau ntawv tiag tiag ntawm 30s, 40s thiab 50s, tab sis tus txiv neej ntawm 20s, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev paub txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm muab cov ntaub ntawv zoo, ntsuas qhov saj thiab cov duab.
Pom zoo:
Kos duab dub thiab dawb hu li cas. Dub thiab dawb hauv painting, duab, yees duab thiab xinesmas
Ob xim, ob qhov sib txawv, xim dub thiab dawb. Lawv raug txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev kos duab zoo nkauj thiab cov duab tshiab: kev yees duab thiab xinesmas. Qhov zoo ntawm cov xim dub thiab dawb piv rau xim yog txiav txim siab, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav ntawm txhua xim rau tib neeg kev nkag siab yog txiav txim siab
Tus neeg pleev kob Lavxias, tus tswv ntawm fresco thiab duab kos duab Gury Nikitin: biography, creativity thiab nthuav tseeb
Gury Nikitin yog ib tus neeg nto moo tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias teb sab painting thiab icon painting. Nws lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm tau poob rau xyoo pua 17th thiab tau tso lub cim ci ntsa iab hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia. Thiab txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tseeb txog tus kws kos duab, uas tau nqis los rau niaj hnub nim no, yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, nws cov haujlwm, nws tus kheej sau ntawv yuav nyob mus ib txhis monuments ntawm sab ntsuj plig siab ntawm yav dhau los
Chukovsky cov haujlwm rau menyuam yaus: daim ntawv teev npe. Ua haujlwm los ntawm Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky
Chukovsky tej hauj lwm, paub rau ntau yam ntawm cov neeg nyeem, yog, thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, paj huam thiab rhymed fairy tales rau cov me nyuam. Tsis yog txhua tus paub tias ntxiv rau cov kev tsim no, tus kws sau ntawv muaj kev ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm nws cov npoj yaig nto moo thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas lawv, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Chukovsky yuav dhau los ua koj nyiam
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej stained iav kos duab. Yuav ua li cas kos duab kos duab kos duab
Amazingly zoo nkauj iav mosaic canvases yeej ib txwm nyiam mloog. Tej zaum ob peb ntawm peb yuav tsis kam txais kev txaus siab ntawm kev dai lawv lub tsev nrog lawv. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog kev kos duab kos duab kos duab tsis pheej yig. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem sim koj txhais tes ntawm kev muaj tswv yim
Zaj duab xis "siab": lam thiab cwj pwm. Nikolai Rybnikov thiab Inna Makarova hauv zaj duab xis "Qhov siab"
Ib qho ntawm cov duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm Soviet - "Qhov siab". Cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab no tau paub rau txhua tus neeg hauv lub rau caum xyoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, niaj hnub no cov npe ntawm ntau tus neeg txawj ntse Soviet ua yeeb yam tsis nco qab, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog Nikolai Rybnikov. Tus kws ua yeeb yam, uas muaj ntau tshaj li tsib caug lub luag haujlwm ntawm nws tus account, yuav nyob mus ib txhis hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov kiv cua ntawm Lavxias teb sab xinesmas. Nws yog Rybnikov uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zaj duab xis "Qhov siab"
