2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Ntawm tag nrho cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Pushkin, nqe lus "Rau Chaadaev" sawv tawm. Lub hom phiaj thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm nqe no yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Cov nqe lus tsis zoo li feem ntau ntawm nws cov paj huam thiab cov lus thov. Ntawm no cov lus ntawm sab ntsuj plig tau txawj ua ke nrog cov lus pej xeem, kev hlub. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev muaj tswv yim thaum lub sijhawm.
Cia ua ib qho kev soj ntsuam me me ntawm zaj paj huam "To Chaadaev". Hom thiab lub ntsiab lus yuav tau tham hauv qab no. Ua ntej, cia peb piav qhia seb P. Chaadaev yog leej twg, yog vim li cas tus kws sau paj lug hais lus zoo rau nws?
Tus phooj ywg ze ntawm A. Pushkin - P. Chaadaev
Zaj paj huam nto moo tau mob siab rau ib tus neeg tseem ceeb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd - tus tub ceev xwm ntawm Life Guards Hussar Regiment P. Ya. Chaadaev. Pyotr Chaadaev, ua ib tug tub ceev xwm, tau koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino thiab kev ntes ntawm Paris.
Peter Chaadaev koom nrog ntau lub koom haum - nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Krakow Masonic Lodge, "Union of Welfare" hauv Moscow. Hauv Decembrists, nws tsuas yog sau npe. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev pab rau kev txav mus losua. Yog li ntawd, Pushkin tig mus rau nws tus phooj ywg nyob rau hauv kev cia siab hais tias nws yuav to taub nws impulses ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Peter nws tus kheej tso nws cov neeg ua liaj ua teb ywj pheej, raws li nws ua siab ntev rau lawv. Nws txoj kev nom kev tswv tau nce qib heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus txiv neej no nws thiaj li dhau los ua ib tus neeg ntse tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws tus kheej yog ib tug neeg txawj xav thiab tshaj tawm.
"To Chaadaev". Verse-lus
Tus kws sau paj lug zoo tau tsim qhov kev tsim no nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg lub sijhawm muaj tswv yim. Tom qab ntawd cov tub ntxhais hluas Alexander Sergeevich, raws li koj paub, mob siab rau kev txav ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab - Decembrists.
Chadaev, ib tug ntawm ob peb comrades ntawm nws cov hluas xyoo, nws muaj peev xwm ntseeg ib yam ntawm nws lub tswv yim innermost, nws yeej ib txwm txaus siab rau lub tswv yim ntawm nws cov laus laus.
Nqe no tau sau rau xyoo 1818, nws tau paub rau txhua tus tub ntxhais hluas Decembrist uas Pushkin sib tham thiab nrhiav kev cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej.
Tus kws sau paj huam tsis tau luam tawm nws zaj paj huam nws tus kheej, tab sis ib tug ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas uas paub tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej tau xa cov kab no rau kev tshaj tawm xyoo 1829, tawm tsam Pushkin qhov kev xav.
Ib hom ntawv thiab ntsiab lus
Yog tias peb xav txog lub sijhawm ntawm kev tso cov paj huam, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab Pushkin qhov kev ntshai. Paj huam txhawb kev ywj pheej ntawm autocracy. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog hais ncaj qha txog kev rhuav tshem ntawm tsarism, tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub kiv puag ncig tau pom meej meej nyob rau hauv stanzas.
Cia peb rov qab mus rau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kev sau ntawv. Los ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, ib txoj hauj lwm poetic suav hais tias yog lus rau ib tug phooj ywg. Txawm hais tias Pushkin tsis yog tsuas yog Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev, tab sis tag nrho nws cov phooj ywg uas koom nrog nws txoj kev ywj pheej.saib.
hom ntawv no - cov lus tau siv dav hauv lub sijhawm qub. Nws tau siv hauv lawv txoj haujlwm los ntawm Ovid thiab txawm tias Horace. Nyob rau tiam 18, 19 thiab thaum ntxov 20th, hom ntawv no kuj nrov heev ntawm cov kws sau ntawv.
Pushkin sau rau hauv ib tsab ntawv rau ib tug phooj ywg innermost xav tias txwv tsis pub tej zaum yuav tsis tau nchuav tawm ntawm tus kws sau paj lug tus ntsuj plig. Xav nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam thiab lyrical ntawm sab ntsuj plig sau ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, los ntawm xwm Pushkin yog ib tug lyricist. Thiab txawm nyob rau hauv nws civil lyrics ib tug yuav hnov lub sublime poetic ntsuj plig. Nws muaj peev xwm sau cov kev xav ntawm tus kheej thiab pej xeem thiab muab cov kev xav txawv txawv rau nws txoj kev xav.
Lub ntsiab lus yog dab tsi? Lub ntsiab lus yog kev tshaj tawm txog kev hloov pauv, ua rau lub hauv paus nrog kev hlub tob rau leej txiv thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas txoj kev ntseeg siab tias, ua raws li kev hloov pauv, nws yuav ua haujlwm rau nws cov neeg thiab cov tiam tom ntej. Lub ntsiab lus no sib haum mus rau ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm nqe lus "Rau Chaadaev". Ib hom ntawv, raws li peb nco qab, yog cov lus nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv lyric-civil form.
"To Chaadaev". Tswv yim
Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam "Rau Chaadaev" lub tswv yim tseem ceeb yog hu rau kev ywj pheej thiab kev xaiv pej xeem - hloov lossis tsis hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej? Thaum lub sij hawm Decembrist txav, qhov teeb meem no mob heev nyob rau hauv noble voj voog. Alexander Pushkin suav tias yog kev hwm rau kev tawm tsam tsarism thiab serfdom. Thiab nws tsis pom nws txoj hmoo lwm yam; tus kws sau paj lug suav tias nws lub luag haujlwm los pab txoj kev txav mus los. Nws siv lo lus socio-political los qhia tias txoj hmoo ntawm nws lub tebchaws tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau nws.
Cov kab ntawm nqe lus ncaj qha hais tias: "Peb cov npe yuav raug sau rau ntawm qhov puas tsuaj ntawm kev ywj pheej!". Nws hais txogkev hlub ntawm kev ywj pheej raws li lub meej mom ntawm ib tug ex alted pej xeem ntawm nws lub teb chaws. Thiab nws ntseeg tias nws cov paj huam yuav ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tsis mloog lus, thiab nws pom nws qhov zoo ntawm qhov ntawd.
Poetic meter
Zoo li feem ntau ntawm Pushkin cov paj huam, "Rau Chaadaev", hom thiab cov ntsiab lus uas peb twb tau tshuaj xyuas kom meej, tau sau ua iambic 6-ko taw. Qhov loj poetic no yog qhov nyiam tshaj plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Iambic pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua txoj haujlwm thiab muab rau tus kws sau paj huam yooj yim uas tsis tau pom dua.
Tsuas qee zaum pom tom qab ua haujlwm anapaest, tab sis nws tau ntau tom qab, thaum tus kws sau paj lug kuj nrhiav kev sim ua paj huam. Thaum kuv sim nrhiav ib lub muse tshiab rau kuv tus kheej thiab hloov me ntsis qhov kev sib dhos ib txwm nyob hauv cov lus piav qhia.
Zaj lus
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov tub ntxhais hluas Pushkin, uas nyuam qhuav kawm tiav ntawm Lyceum, nws muaj nuj nqis heev rau nws kev phooj ywg nrog nws tus phooj ywg laus Pyotr Chaadaev. Tag nrho cov paj huam yog lus rau ib tug phooj ywg, nyob rau hauv uas tus kws sau paj lug qhia nws txoj kev hlub. Thiab dab tsi yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm nqe, dab tsi yog qhov quintessence ntawm cov lus "Rau Chaadaev"? Lub ntsiab lus xaiv los ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yog kev ntshaw kom muaj lub neej dawb huv hauv fatherland. Thiab lub tswv yim yog hu kom mob siab rau tag nrho koj cov kev xav thiab kev xav rau leej txiv.
Pom zoo:
Lub xyoo ntawm Pushkin lub neej. Lub ntsiab hnub ntawm biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin
Cov kab lus yuav tsom mus rau qhov zoo kawg nkaus ntawm lub hnub nyoog kub ntawm Lavxias cov ntawv nyeem - A. S. Pushkin (hnub yug - Lub Rau Hli 6, 1799). Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo kawg no, txawm tias niaj hnub no, tsis tas yuav txaus siab rau cov neeg kawm ntawv
Hom ntawv nyeem thiab lawv lub hom phiaj. Hom ntawv tseeb
Cov ntawv nyeem yog lub tswv yim amoebic (hauv cov ntsiab lus sib npaug, nrog rau hom ntawv nyeem), thoob plaws ntau pua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej, nws hloov tsis tau ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj nyob hauv kev yees duab - nta, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab lub hom phiaj
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav sim qhia koj kom meej ntau li ntau tau txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv kev yees duab, floristry, tsim, architecture thiab lwm yam kev muaj tswv yim, nrog rau seb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab yuav kawm li cas xav thiab to taub nws
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm Pushkin cov lus. Cov ntsiab lus thiab motifs ntawm Pushkin's lyrics
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - tus kws sau paj huam hauv ntiaj teb, tus kws sau ntawv, tus sau ntawv, tus kws sau nkauj thiab sau ntawv thuam - tau poob rau hauv keeb kwm tsis yog tsuas yog tus sau cov haujlwm tsis nco qab, tab sis kuj yog tus tsim ntawm cov lus Lavxias tshiab. Ntawm qhov tsuas yog hais txog Pushkin, cov duab ntawm ib tug kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab primordially tshwm sim tam sim ntawd
"Ib tug xav paub Barbara lub qhov ntswg raug torn tawm ntawm lub khw": lub ntsiab lus thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus
Thaum peb yog menyuam yaus peeping ntawm ntau yam nthuav, tab sis tsis npaj rau lub qhov muag ntawm menyuam yaus, peb cov niam txiv yuav ntes peb cov lus: "Lub qhov ntswg ntawm qhov xav paub Varvara raug tsoo ntawm lub khw". Thiab peb to taub qhov ntawd txhais li cas, intuitively los yog consciously. Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav hais txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus no, thiab nrog seb nws puas zoo los yog phem yuav xav paub
