2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
"Ballad" yog ib lo lus uas tuaj rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lexicon los ntawm lus Italian. Nws yog txhais ua "dance", los ntawm lo lus "ballare". Yog li lub ballad yog ib zaj nkauj seev cev. Xws li tej hauj lwm tau sau nyob rau hauv poetic daim ntawv, thiab muaj ntau couplets. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lawv tau ua tsuas yog rau ib co suab paj nruas accompaniment. Tab sis dhau sij hawm, lawv nres seev cev rau ballads. Tom qab ntawd lawv hloov tag nrho. Paj huam-paj suab pib muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb heev.
Nyob hauv ib hom ntawv
Dab tsi yog ballad hauv cov ntaub ntawv? Ua ntej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws poetic hom ntawm romanticism thiab sentimentalism. Lub ntiaj teb uas cov kws sau paj lug pleev xim rau hauv lawv cov ballads yog enigmatic thiab mysterious. Nws nta cov cim tshwj xeeb nrog cov cim tseeb thiab txawv.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais txog tus neeg zoo li Robert Burns, uas tau los ua tus tsim hom ntawv no. Ib tug neeg yeej ib txwm nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov haujlwm no, txawm li cas los xij, cov kws sau paj huam uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, uas tau xaiv hom no, paub tias tib neeg lub zog tsis tuaj yeem muab sijhawm los teb txhua lo lus nug thiab dhau los ua tus tswv tag nrho.tus kheej txoj hmoo. Tias yog vim li cas feem ntau ballad yog zaj paj huam uas hais txog pob zeb. Tej hauj lwm xws li "Forest King". Nws tau sau los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Johann Wolfgang Goethe.
Century Traditions
Tseem tsim nyog hais tias lub ballad yog ib hom ntawv uas tau hloov pauv thiab txuas ntxiv rau lawv. Hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov haujlwm no tau los ua nkauj nrog cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub. Lawv tham txog kev tawm tsam ntawm tub sab, kev ua siab loj ntawm cov tub rog, cov tub rog keeb kwm, thiab lwm yam xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub neej. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev tsis sib haum xeeb yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm tej ballad. Nws tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ntawm leej twg - cov menyuam yaus thiab cov niam txiv, ib tug tub hluas thiab ib tug ntxhais, vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lossis kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Tab sis qhov tseeb tseem muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb. Thiab nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog muaj lwm lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev xav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau ua raws li qhov tseeb tias qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev tuag thiab lub neej tau pab kom pib nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab ua.
Kev ploj ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem
Lub pob zeb txhim kho ntxiv li cas? Qhov no yog ib zaj dab neeg nthuav, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv 17th thiab 18th centuries nws tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem. Thaum lub sij hawm no, plays ntawm ib tug mythological xwm los yog cov uas qhia txog cov heroes ntawm ancient keeb kwm twb staged nyob rau theem ua yeeb yam. Thiab tag nrho cov no tau nyob deb heev ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg. Thiab ua ntej me ntsis nws tau hais tias qhov chaw ntawm lub ballad yog cov neeg.
Tab sisNyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub ballad rov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv suab paj nruas kos duab. Tam sim no nws tau hloov mus rau hauv ib hom lus paj huam, tau txais lub suab sib txawv ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv xws li Lermontov, Pushkin, Heine, Goethe thiab Mickiewicz. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thaum nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nws rov qab mus rau nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv Russia thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, cov kab lig kev cai ntawm pseudoclassicism tau poob sai heev vim romantic German paj huam. Thawj Lavxias teb sab ballad yog ib qho haujlwm hu ua "Gromval" (tus sau - G. P. Kamenev). Tab sis tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm hom ntawv nyeem no yog V. A. Zhukovsky. Nws txawm muab lub npe menyuam yaus uas tsim nyog - "ballade".
Ballad in England thiab Germany
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias German thiab Askiv ballad yog qhov tsaus ntuj heev. Yav dhau los, tib neeg xav tias cov nqe no tau coj los ntawm Norman conquerors. Lus Askiv xwm tau tshwm sim rau lub siab xav uas tau tshwm sim hauv cov duab ntawm cov cua daj cua dub txaus ntshai thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thiab cov bards hauv ballads hu nkauj txog kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Odin.
Nws tsim nyog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees xws li ib lo lus raws li ib tug ballad yog siv los ua ib lo lus rau cov paj huam uas tau sau nyob rau hauv cov xwm ntawm Scottish thiab lus Askiv qub nkauj. Qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv lawv, raws li txoj cai, tsim heev episodic. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, lub ballad yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th thiab thaum pib ntawm lub tom ntej no, thaum romanticism vam meej thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm xws li zoo sau phau ntawv xws li Goethe, Heine, Burger, Uhland tshwm.
Ballad as a literary genre
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom "ballad" yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov uas muaj nyob hauv cov haujlwm uas tau sau ua lwm hom ntawv. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj cov phiaj xwm tam sim no, qhov kawg thiab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Kev mloog ntau yog them rau cov kev xav ntawm cov cim thiab cov kev xav ntawm tus sau nws tus kheej. Cov haujlwm ua ke ua ke zoo heev nrog qhov tiag. Muaj ib qho txawv txawv (romantic) toj roob hauv pes. Tag nrho cov ballad yuav tsum tau sau nrog paub tsis meej thiab intrigue - qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Qee zaum cov phiaj xwm tau hloov los ntawm kev sib tham. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, epic thiab lyrical pib tau ua ke nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm hom ntawv no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws sau ntawv uas tsim cov ballads tuaj yeem sau cov haujlwm kom meej raws li qhov ua tau, uas tsis cuam tshuam rau lub ntsiab lus txhua.
Pom zoo:
Hom ntawv nyeem thiab lawv lub hom phiaj. Hom ntawv tseeb
Cov ntawv nyeem yog lub tswv yim amoebic (hauv cov ntsiab lus sib npaug, nrog rau hom ntawv nyeem), thoob plaws ntau pua xyoo kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej, nws hloov tsis tau ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus
Hom yog keeb kwm. Keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem
Ib yam li tus kws sau keeb kwm, tus kws sau ntawv tuaj yeem tsim kho qhov tshwm sim thiab cov xwm txheej yav dhau los, txawm tias lawv cov kev tsim ua yeeb yam, tau kawg, txawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Tus kws sau ntawv, tso siab rau cov dab neeg no, kuj suav nrog cov ntawv tseeb muaj tswv yim hauv nws cov haujlwm - nws piav qhia tias yuav ua li cas, thiab tsis yog qhov tseeb
Cov ntawv nyeem Baroque - yog dab tsi? Stylistic nta ntawm baroque ntaub ntawv. Baroque ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia: piv txwv, sau ntawv
Baroque yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 17th. Txhais los ntawm Italian, lub sij hawm txhais tau tias "bizarre", "strange". Qhov kev taw qhia no tau kov ntau hom kev kos duab thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, architecture. Thiab dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv baroque?
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov ntawv nyeem - lub tswv yim no yog dab tsi? Hom, hom thiab piv txwv ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho lub ntsiab lus yog kev tsis sib haum xeeb: kev tawm tsam, kev sib cav ntawm kev txaus siab thiab tus cwj pwm, kev xav sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ua rau muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov duab sau ntawv, thiab tom qab nws, zoo li phau ntawv qhia, zaj dab neeg tsim
Epic hom ntawv nyeem. Piv txwv thiab nta ntawm ib hom ntawv epic
Tib neeg lub neej, txhua yam xwm txheej uas ua rau nws txaus siab, keeb kwm ntawm tus txiv neej, nws tus kheej, nws cov ntsiab lus, tau piav qhia hauv qee hom kev kos duab - tag nrho cov no yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm epic. Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv epic - tshiab, dab neeg, zaj dab neeg luv luv - suav nrog tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no
