Schwartz Evgeny Lvovich: biography, creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Shvarts Evgeny Lvovich yog tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab Soviet ua yeeb yam, tus neeg piav dab neeg, tus kws sau tshuaj ntsuam thiab tus kws sau paj huam uas tsim 25 ua yeeb yam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm thaum nws lub neej. Nws muaj cov yeeb yam nto moo xws li "Dragon", "Ordinary Miracle", "Shadow", thiab lwm yam.

Muab tag nrho nws tus kheej - qhov no yog li cas Schwartz Evgeny Lvovich ua haujlwm. Biography luv luv rau cov me nyuam yuav nthuav vim hais tias, ua tsaug rau nws cov scripts, xws li movie masterpieces xws li Cinderella, Don Quixote, Thawj Qib thiab ntau lwm tus tau tshwm sim. Nws hloov nws txoj hmoo sai sai los ntawm tus kws lij choj mus rau tus kws sau nkauj thiab sau ntawv, thiab yeej tsis khuv xim qhov nws tau ua, tab sis ntxiv rau qhov ntawd tom qab.

Schwartz Evgeny Lvovich: biography

Tus sau yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv Kazan thaum Lub Kaum Hli 21, 1896 hauv tsev neeg ntawm Orthodox Jew Lev Borisovich Schwartz thiab Maria Fedorovna Shchelkova, ob leeg yog cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob. Lev Borisovich kawm tiav los ntawm Kazan Medical University, qhov chaw uas nws tau ntsib nws yav tom ntej tus poj niam, Maria Fedorovna, uas tau mus kawm obstetric kev kawm thaum lub sij hawm ntawd. Xyoo 1895 lawv tau sib yuav. ATTib lub xyoo, Lev Borisovich tau los ua ib tug ntseeg Orthodox nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj Kazan Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk.

Tsis ntev lawv muaj me ntsis Schwartz Evgeny Lvovich. Phau ntawv keeb kwm qhia ntxiv tias nws tsev neeg tau tsiv tawm ntawm Kazan mus rau Armavir.

Ntxhais thiab ntiab tawm leej txiv

Txawm tias Lev Schwartz yog ib tus tub ntxhais kawm "tsis ntseeg", nws kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv zoo thiab xyoo 1898 tau tawm mus rau lub nroog Dmitrov. Thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws tau raug ntes vim kev ua phem ntawm kev tawm tsam tsoomfwv. Nws tsev neeg raug ntiab tawm mus rau Armavir, ces Akhtyr thiab Maykop. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog ib ntu ntawm kev hais plaub nrog tsoomfwv cov thawj coj, yuav muaj ntau dua raug ntes thiab raug ntiab tawm.

Tab sis nws tus tub me me yuav tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog nws txiv txoj kev xaiv nom tswv. Eugene kuj tau ua kev cai raus dej hauv lub Koom Txoos Orthodox, thiab yog li ntawd nws yeej ib txwm xav tias nws yog neeg Lavxias. Orthodoxy rau nws yog sib npaug zos rau Lavxias teb sab haiv neeg, thiab nws tsis cais nws tus kheej ntawm nws nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev.

Nws nyob hauv Maikop uas Schwartz Evgeny Lvovich siv nws thaum yau thiab hluas. Phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ua tim khawv tias nws nco qab lub sijhawm ntawd nrog kev sov siab tshwj xeeb thiab rhiab.

Xyoo 1914 nws nkag mus hauv University. Shanyavsky nyob rau hauv Moscow ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai. Tab sis tom qab ob peb xyoos, nws pom tau tias qhov no tsis yog nws txoj kev hu thiab txiav txim siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev sau ntawv thiab ua yeeb yam.

kiv puag ncig thiab kev tsov kev rog

Thaum xyoo 1917 Schwartz mus ua tub rog, tam sim ntawdmuaj kev hloov pauv, thiab Eugene tau mus rau hauv pab tub rog tuaj yeem pab dawb. Nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Yekaterinodar, nws tau txais ib tug loj concussion thiab demobilized. Lub qhov txhab no tsis dhau mus yam tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev rau tus kws sau ntawv, tag nrho nws lub neej nws tau nrog tes tshee.

Tom qab demobilization, Evgeny Lvovich Schwartz (uas nws cov keeb kwm luv luv tau muab rau koj mloog) tsis nco qab txog nws tus npau suav ib pliag. Nws dhau los ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Rostov University. Thaum nws ua haujlwm ntawm Theatre Rhiav, nws tau ntsib Nikolai Oleinikov, uas tom qab ntawd los ua nws tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws thiab tus kws sau ntawv.

ua yeeb yam

Xyoo 1921, Schwartz Evgeny Lvovich nrog nws ua yeeb yam, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm, tuaj rau Petrograd ntawm ncig saib. Cov neeg thuam tau sau tseg nws cov txuj ci ua yeeb yam zoo heev. Tab sis nws txiav txim siab tawm qhov no thiab dhau los ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm cov menyuam yaus sau ntawv Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky, uas nws tau pab ntau yam kev sau ntawv.

Thiab tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1923-1924, Shvarts Evgeny Lvovich ua haujlwm ntawm feuilletons rau kev tshaj tawm hauv nroog Donetsk raws li lub npe yawg yawg Sarai.

Tom qab, xyoo 1924, nws rov qab los rau Leningrad dua, mus rau lub chaw kho mob ntawm Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Tshaj Tawm, qhov chaw uas nws tau pab cov tub ntxhais hluas sau ntawv. Schwartz kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm lom zem "Hedgehog" thiab "Chizh". Nws sau paj huam thiab dab neeg nyob rau ntawd, tham nrog pab pawg ntawm OBERIU.

Literary creativity

Thawj txoj haujlwm uas ua rau muaj kev vam meej rau Yevgeny Schwartz yog qhov ua yeeb yam "Underwood", sau rau xyoo 1929. Xyoo 1934, tau yaum los ntawm N. Akimov, nws tau tsim thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab "The Adventure of Hohenstaufen"

Xyoo 1940, zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Ntxhais Ntxub" tau sau, uas yog kev ua nom ua tswv, tab sis nws tsis nyob ntev ntawm theem - nws tsuas yog tshem tawm ntawm lub repertoire. Thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam no, lub luag nyav zoo kawg, tab sis tom qab ntawd muaj kev xav iab hauv siab ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib.

Tom qab ntawd, Yevgeny Schwartz tau ua haujlwm ntawm ntau qhov haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, hauv kev khiav tawm, nws nyob hauv Kirov thiab Stalinabad. Nyob ntawd nws tau tsim nws cov txuj ci "Dragon", uas tau poob rau hauv kev faib tawm ntawm cov dab neeg tsis zoo thiab, zoo li lwm yam ua yeeb yam, tsis muaj lub neej ntev ntawm theem.

Tom qab kev ua tsis tiav, tus kws sau ntawv tso dag nrog nws cov phooj ywg tias tej zaum nws yuav tsum sau ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab txog Ivan the Terrible thiab hu nws tias "Tus Txiv Plig Vanya"?

Tsuas yog tom qab Stalin tuag, ua tsaug rau kev siv zog ntawm Olga Bergholz, uas txaus siab rau Schwartz txoj haujlwm, nws thawj phau ntawv ua haujlwm pom qhov kaj ntawm hnub.

Shvarts Evgeny Lvovich: nthuav qhov tseeb

Tus kws sau ntawv tau txawj ntse thiab xav txog txij thaum yau. Ntau cov duab ntawm Schwartz Evgeny Lvovich qhia peb ib qho kev qhia ntawm nws lub ntsej muag, tab sis yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm nrog kev luag nyav thiab me nyuam yaus naive.

Ib tug ntawm nws cov neeg niaj hnub nco qab tias nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd thaum tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Chizh" thiab "Ezh", qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev thib rau ntawm Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Nevsky 28 co txhua hnub nrog luag. Nws yog Schwartz thiab Oleinikov uas txaus siab rau lawv cov npoj yaig nrog lawv cov lus tso dag. Lawv xav tau cov neeg tuaj saib thiab lawv pom nws.

thawj phau ntawv paj huam rau menyuam yaus ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nto moo tau luam tawm xyoo 1925 - "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Cov Violin Qub". Tom qab ntawd cov yeeb yam "Cov Khoom muaj nqis", "Lub Adventures ntawm Hohenstaufen", cov ntawv sau thiab rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov phiaj xwm ntawm Perrault thiab Andersen tau luam tawm: "Tus Naked King", "Swineherd" (1934), "Little Red Riding Hood" (1937), "The Snow Queen" (1938), " Duab Ntxoo (1940), Ordinary Miracle (1954).

Freedom

Nrog rau qhov muaj kev ywj pheej tiag tiag, nws cov yeeb yam ntawm zaj dab neeg tau pib tawm mus txawv tebchaws - hauv tebchaws Yelemes, Israel, Asmeskas, Poland, Czechoslovakia, thiab lwm yam. Peb tus thawj coj tam sim no Mark Zakharov tsim ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab zoo heev "Ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb".

Cov neeg saib thiab nyeem tsis txhob nkees ntawm kev qhuas tus kws sau ntawv lub siab dav dav ntawm kev xav thiab nws txoj kev xoob, thiab ib zaug nws yog "Aesopian lus". Schwartz qhuas thiab txawm khib rau Picasso, uas muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm nws txoj kev xav, sab hauv dawb thiab yog li ua txhua yam nws xav tau.

Tom qab tus tswv tuag lawm, nws "Phau Ntawv Xov Tooj" tau luam tawm, qhov uas nws tau sau nws txoj kev nco txog tib neeg hauv cov tsiaj ntawv. Cov memoirs no yog qhov nthuav heev, vim lawv ntes tau lub caij nyoog ntawm 20-50s, qhov no yog nws "tsav teb" ntawm lub neej.

Nyob hauv lawv, Schwartz tsis ua raws li tus txiv neej zam txim rau txhua tus, hauv nws phau ntawv nws yog siab dawb thiab dawb. Ntawm no ib tug xav tias ib tug tej yam ruthlessness thiab sophistication, barbs thiab ridicule ncuav ib tug tom qab. Nws lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog kom ntsib qhov tseeb thiab tsis txhob yuam kev ntawm lawv.

Cov poj niam nyiam

Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, nws saib xyuas Gayane Khaladzheva, nws tus poj niam yav tom ntej, tau ntev, tab sis nws tsis muab rau, vim nws yog neeg pluag heev, txawm tiascog lus rau nws tej roob kub zoo li tus neeg hais lus tseeb. Tus poj niam thib ob yog Ekaterina Ivanovna. Ua ntej nws tuag, thiab nws tuag nyuaj heev, nws sim dag txoj hmoo thiab txawm tau sau npe ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm Charles Dickens, tab sis nws tuag ntev ua ntej tso tawm qhov kawg ntim.

Schwartz Yevgeny Lvovich tuag thaum Lub Ib Hlis 15, 1958. Nws tau faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxa Bogoslovsky hauv Leningrad. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los tau tsim los ntawm tus kws sau txuj ci.