Keeb kwm kev sib ntaus sib tua painting

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov hom kev sib ntaus sib tua loj thiab epic nyob hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv kev pleev xim. Nws yog kev mob siab rau kev ua tsov ua rog thiab txhua yam kev sib raug zoo nrog nws: hiav txwv thiab av sib ntaus sib tua, kev sib tw, thiab lwm yam. Cov hom ntawv yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev muaj zog siab, ntau tus tib neeg cov duab thiab ua tib zoo mloog kom meej, uas muab keeb kwm authenticity rau txhua yam uas. tshwm sim ntawm daim ntaub.

Kev tshwm sim ntawm hom thiab nws txoj kev loj hlob hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog

Cov nom tswv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua pleev xim rau hauv ib hom kev ywj pheej tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, tab sis cov neeg pleev kob los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb tau pib tsim cov kev taw qhia no ua ntej. Yog li, twb nyob rau hauv lub amphoras, bas-reliefs, phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws, koj tuaj yeem pom scenes ntawm keeb kwm tseem ceeb sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau hauv Roman faj tim teb chaws thiab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, emperors thiab zoo generals, rulers nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua feem ntau depicted. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev sib ntaus sib tua painting kuj ua ib tug keeb kwm chronicle.

Nyob rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog, hom ntawv tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub pua plag, phau ntawv, luam tawm, tapestries thiab txawm tiasicons. Los yog, piv txwv li, "Baye Carpet" tsim rau ntawm cov ntaub nrog cov phiaj xwm los ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm kev kov yeej ntawm Askiv los ntawm Norman feudal lords (1073-1083), qhia hauv daim duab.

Tab sis tiag tiag impressive thiab loj-scale tuaj yeem hu ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg pleev kob ntawm lub sijhawm Renaissance hauv Ltalis. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ib hom ntawv tau txais nws cov yam ntxwv nta, realism thiab dynamics. Los ntawm lub sij hawm no pib nws official chronological countdown. Lub sijhawm no, cov duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tsim los ntawm Piero della Francesca, Paolo Uccello, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo thiab lwm tus.

18-20th century

Lub xyoo pua 18th tuaj yeem hu ua qhov tseem ceeb tshiab hauv kev txhim kho. Lub sijhawm no, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev ua tsov rog rau kev ywj pheej, canvases los ntawm Asmeskas cov kws ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim, thiab Lavxias teb sab kev sib ntaus sib tua paintings kuj tau yug los (engravings los ntawm Zubkov AF, paintings Nikitin I. N., mosaics los ntawm Lomonosov M. V., thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm Fabkis Revolution thiab lub Napoleonic tsov rog, ib tug romantic trend tshwm nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem, feem ntau qhia meej meej nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm E. Delacroix thiab O. Vernet. Nyob rau hauv Russia, lub sij hawm no, lub ntsiab lus maritime thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua-tsev lub ntsiab "bloom". Cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm thawj yog Aivazovsky I. K. thiab Bogolyubov A. P., qhov thib ob - Polenov V. D., Kovalevsky P. O. Merciless thiab muaj tiag tsim nws cov duab kos Vereshchagin V. V., uas tau koom nrog ntau kev tsov rog thiab kev sib tw ua haujlwm pub dawb.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 20th, keeb kwm kev sib ntaus sib tua painting tau tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev tawm tsam kev sib raug zoo, kev tsov kev rog puas tsuaj. Muaj cov kev hloov pauv hauv ib hom ntawv, nthuav nws cov ntsiab lus kos duab thiab ciam teb. Hauvntau yam haujlwm taug qab txog kev sib raug zoo thiab keeb kwm-philosophical teeb meem, teeb meem ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev thaj yeeb, fascism, tib neeg lub neej. Kev sib koom ua ke yog qhov pom tau, vim hais tias, ob qho tib si hauv kev kos duab ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm kev sib raug zoo camp thiab hauv lub xeev capitalist, cov duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yog mob siab rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thiab kev tawm tsam, cov xwm txheej keeb kwm loj tshaj plaws tsis yog ntawm tib neeg nkaus xwb, tiam sis ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Sib ntaus sib tua painting: nta

Kev pleev xim rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab cov teeb meem cuam tshuam muaj qee yam nta, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog kev ua haujlwm los ntawm lwm hom kev kos duab. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog nyob hauv cov hauv qab no:

• Kev pom kev pom ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua lossis lub sijhawm keeb kwm, lub neej ntawm cov tub rog, kev ua tsov rog feem ntau.
• Reflection on canvases of the most iconic and important moments of battle.
• Kev ua tub rog lub siab tawv.
• Instilling and cultivation a sense of duty, patriotism.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias keeb kwm thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cov duab yog ze heev. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov canvases qhia tsis tau tsuas yog ua tub rog ua, lawv raug khi rau ib tug tej yam keeb kwm tseem ceeb tshwm sim. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov tub rog, lub neej zoo tib yam nyob sab nraud ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tsov ua rog.

Yog tsis muaj qhov meej meej thiab ib zaj dab neeg hais txog kev sib ntaus sib tua cov neeg pleev kob, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog hom kev pleev xim no tsis pom zoo. Tsis xav tias ib tug ntawm cov lus paj lug hais tias nws yog zoo dua mus pom ib zaug dua hnov txogqhov no ib puas zaug.

Vereshchagin Vasily Vasilyevich

Lub npe ntawm tus neeg tua neeg Lavxias no, tus neeg pleev kob xyoo 19th thiab cov neeg taug kev paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws mob siab rau yuav luag tag nrho nws lub neej rau ntau yam kev mus ncig, kev ua tub rog, suav nrog cov neeg hauv Turkestan, Semirechye, Is Nrias teb, Caucasus, Europe thiab Russia. Vereshchagin kawm tiav los ntawm Naval Cadet Corps, koom nrog hauv kev ua phem, suav nrog tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm Samarkand ua ib feem ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias me me, uas nws tau txais Kev Txiav Txim ntawm St. George ntawm qib plaub, uas nws txaus siab heev. Nws paub ua ntej txog kev ua tsov ua rog, yog li nws yog qhov laj thawj heev uas qee lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua duab los ua nws txoj haujlwm.

Tus kws kos duab muaj nws lub zeem muag ntawm kev ua tub rog, tus cwj pwm rau kev tuag ntawm cov tub rog zoo tib yam. Ntawm nws cov canvases, nws xav txog tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm tus huab tais txoj kev xav hauv Middle Eastern tuam txhab. Cov duab kos, muaj lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb thiab tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, feem ntau yog qhov ua rau muaj kev rau txim los ntawm huab tais thiab nws cov neeg koom siab. Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws: "Lub Apotheosis ntawm Tsov Rog" (hauv daim duab thib peb), "Napoleon hauv Russia" (duab saum toj no), Turkestan thiab Balkan series, "Ua ntej tawm tsam. Hauv Plevna."

YFranz Alekseevich Rubo

Lub npe F. A. Roubaud yog paub rau txhua tus: los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev ua haujlwm rau cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm. Nws yog tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm panoramic painting thiab tus sau ntawm ntau tshaj ob puas canvases, nrog rau peb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino, Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Sevastopol (duab saum toj no) thiab"Assault ntawm lub zos ntawm Akhulgo". Nws los ntawm tsev neeg ntawm tus neeg ua lag luam Fab Kis uas nyob hauv Odessa. Txij li thaum xyoo 1903, tus kws kos duab tau ua haujlwm ua tus thawj coj hauv kev cob qhia ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, thaum muaj lub npe ntawm tus xibfwb. Grekov M. B. yog nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, nyob rau hauv lub ua ntej ntawm lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Russia, Roubaud thaum kawg tsiv mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv 1912. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo tas los ntawm nws lub neej nws tsis muaj kev txiav txim loj, ua neej nyob yuav luag tag nrho.

YGrekov Mitrofan Borisovich

Tus neeg pleev kob sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lavxias-Cossack keeb kwm, yug hauv thaj av Rostov, tau los ua tus tsim ntawm hom ntawv hauv Soviet Union. Nws tau txais kev paub tsis muaj nuj nqis thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, thiab tom qab ntawd Tsov Rog Tsov Rog. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws ua ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm thematic sketches. Nws cov duab sib ntaus sib tua yog sawv cev los ntawm cov duab kos xws li "Tachanka" (duab hauv qab), "Frozen Cossacks ntawm General Pavlov", "Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Yegorlykskaya", "Trumpeters ntawm Thawj Cavalry", nws kuj tau ua haujlwm ntawm panorama "Storming Perekop".” xyoo 1934.

Sauerweid Alexander Ivanovich

Xib fwb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua painting, ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab thiab German artist tsim nws canvases nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, yog Ameslikas los ntawm Courland. Nws tau txais kev kawm zoo hauv Dresden Academy. Txawm nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, nws pleev xim rau paintings commissioned los ntawm Napoleon Bonaparte, thiab nyob rau hauv 1814 nws raug caw mus rau St. Petersburg los ntawm Alexander kuv mus pleev xim rau cov tub rog canvases, nrog rau cov kos duab ntawm cov khaub ncaws rau cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv Nicholas kuv, nws qhia kos duab rau Grand Dukes. Cov duab kos duabSauerweid yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev sau ntawv qhuav, tsis zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tab sis tib lub sijhawm zoo heev rau kev kos duab. Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws: "Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Leipzig" (daim duab hauv qab), "Storm of the fortress of Varna", "Battle of Leipzig"

YVillevalde Bogdan Pavlovich

Tus tub ntawm ib tus neeg nplua nuj nyob hauv Bavaria yug hauv Pavlovsk xyoo 1818, thiab nees nkaum xyoo tom qab los ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Karl Bryullov. Tom qab tau txais lub npe ntawm ib tug kws kos duab, nws ua hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis thoob plaws hauv lub teb chaws Europe, tau koom nyob rau hauv kev qhia, tau txais kev txiav txim. Villevalde's canvases tau nthuav tawm hauv Paris thiab Vienna, Berlin thiab Antwerp, lawv xav txog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog xyoo 1812, Polish uprising ntawm 1831, Hungarian phiaj los nqis tes, kev ua phem ntawm 1870s, thiab lwm yam. Cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv hom kev sib ntaus sib tua. painting: nyob rau hauv Grochow", "Lub feat ntawm cavalry regiment nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Austerlitz", "General Blucher thiab lub Cossacks nyob rau hauv Bautzen", "Lawv raug ntes nyob rau hauv 1814"

YPeter von Hess

Bavarian tsev hais plaub sib ntaus sib tua neeg pleev kob thiab tus tswv ntawm keeb kwm painting Peter von Hess yug hauv 1792 hauv Düsseldorf. Zoo li ntau lwm tus tswv ntawm hom ntawv, nws paub txog kev ua tsov rog ua ntej. Hess tau koom nrog kev sib tw tawm tsam Napoleon I hauv xyoo 1813-1814. Nws pib nws txoj hauj lwm nrog me me sketches ntawm scenes ntawm lub neej ntawm cov tub rog thiab tib neeg. Tom qab taug kev mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub retinue ntawm huab tais Otto nyob rau hauv 1831, nws tsim ib tug tag nrho series ntawm paintings mob siab rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Greeks rau kev ywj pheej. Nyob rau hauv 1839, nws tau mus rau Russia nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav sau cov ntaub ntawv rau cov creation ntawm canvases commissioned los ntawm Nicholas kuv nws tus kheej. Kaum ob daim duab loj loj tau mob siab rau kev sib ntaus sib tua xyoo 1812, suav nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino, Smolensk, Vyazma.

Ib tug kws ua yeeb yam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tha xim tuaj yeem khav tau xws li kev ua neej nyob ntawm kev sib xyaw ua Hess. Cov duab ntawm tus kheej lossis cov pab pawg nyuaj ntawm cov canvases tau xav thiab ua haujlwm tawm mus rau qhov kev nthuav dav me tshaj plaws, muaj kev ua yeeb yam. Nws cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws yog "Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Austerlitz", " tub sab Barbone tawm tsam Carabinieri", "Catching horses in Wallachia", "Battle of Wörgl", "Bivouac of the Austrian". Hauv daim duab - daim duab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Smolensk.

Alphonse de Neuville

Tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Fabkis txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua yog Alphonse de Neuville, uas nws qhov kev tshwm sim tau tshwm sim xyoo 1859 nrog rau cov duab "The Battalion of Riflemen on the Battery of Gervais". Nws tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1870 ua tus thawj tub rog thib ob hauv Paris battalion ntawm mobiles, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv lub hauv paus ntawm General Kaye. Nws ua tib zoo kawm txog qhov kev ua phem, thiab tom qab ntawd muab lawv tso rau hauv nws cov duab.

Cov canvases ntawm Fabkis tus tswv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua painting yog qhov txawv ntawm kev ua siab dawb siab hlub thiab kev noj qab haus huv tiag tiag. Nws tsis tshua tau pleev xim rau cov duab loj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, kev sib tw loj, thiab lwm yam, nyiam ib ntus. Nws tej hauj lwm yog tag nrho ntawm kev txav, nkag mus nrog ib tug ua tiav tsis muaj qab zib. Qee lub sij hawm, ib tus tuaj yeem saib cov ntawv zoo siab, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov zoo ntawm lub teb chaws tus cwj pwm, thiab lawv tsis tsuas yog tsis ua rau lub siab xav, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ntxiv lub neej rau cov duab. Cov canvases nto moo tshaj plaws: "Lub Xeem Ammo" (daim duab), "Spy", "Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Rorke's Drift", "Sib ntaus sib tua ntawmChampignons."

Kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm cov kws kos duab Lavxias thiab European, Asmeskas cov tswv yog ib hom hluas uas tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv 3-4 centuries dhau los. Nws yog incredibly dynamic, ci, qee zaum ua phem tiag tiag. Ib yam yog qhov tseeb tias nws tsis tawm ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Ib tug neeg qhuas txog ntau pua tus tib neeg cov duab, nees thiab phom, lwm tus - kev txawj kos cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws, thiab tseem muaj lwm tus - cov lus muaj zog uas cov duab nqa.