Venedikt Erofeev: biography, tus kheej lub neej, phau ntawv thiab hnub tuag

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Venedikt Erofeev yuav tsum paub zoo rau txhua tus neeg sau ntawv Lavxias yam tsis muaj kev zam. Qhov no yog ib tug naas ej Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv. Nws mus rau hauv keeb kwm raws li tus sau paj huam hu ua "Moscow - Petushki". Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav qhia txog txoj hmoo ntawm tus tsim, nws tus kheej lub neej.

Hais txog keeb kwm ntawm Venedikt Erofeev, cia peb pib los ntawm 1938, thaum nws yug los hauv lub zos Niva-2 hauv cheeb tsam Murmansk. Nws yog tus yau tshaj hauv tsev neeg muaj tsib tus menyuam. Kuv txiv ua hauj lwm ntawm chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau thiab kuv niam khiav tsev.

Thaum Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau pib, Erofeevs tau tsiv mus rau Khibiny chaw nres tsheb, thiab tsis ntev lawv tau khiav tawm mus rau thaj tsam Arkhangelsk. Txawm li cas los xij, vim kev tshaib kev nqhis lawv tau ntsib hauv lawv qhov chaw tshiab, lawv yuav tsum tau rov qab los.

Xyoo 1941, yawg ntawm tus sau yav tom ntej raug ntes, nws tuag hauv tsev lojcuj peb hlis tom qab. Xyoo 1945, kuv txiv tau raug iab liam ntawm kev tawm tsam-Soviet propaganda thiab sabotage.

Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Venedikt Erofeev, qhov nonws yog ib lub sij hawm nyuaj. Tib lub sijhawm, nws kawm nyeem ntawv thaum nws muaj rau xyoo. Xyoo 1947, tsev neeg raug tso tseg tsis muaj nyiaj noj. Kom tau nyiaj rau zaub mov, leej niam mus rau Moscow mus ua hauj lwm, thiab muab cov me nyuam mus rau ib tug me nyuam ntsuag. Venechka rau siab ntso kawm, nws txawm tau txais txiaj ntsig mus rau ib qho chaw tho kev.

Txiv rov los nyob thaib teb xyoo 1951, niam los ntawm lub peev, tsev neeg rov los sib sau ua ke. Tseeb, tsis ntev. Vasily Vasilyevich raug ntes dua ob xyoos tom qab. Nws tau siv sijhawm peb xyoos hauv tsev lojcuj hauv Olenegorsk vim nws ua haujlwm lig. Thaum nws raug tso tawm, nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv tau poob qis. Nws tuag xyoo 1956.

Tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv nrog ib qho khoom plig kub, tsis muaj kev xeem nws tau txais mus rau cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow State University. Nyob rau hauv lub hostel, nws tau ntsib cov neeg sau ntawv critic thiab philologist Vladimir Muravyov, uas muaj feem xyuam rau nws views.

Kev kawm thiab thawj txoj haujlwm

Muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Venedikt Erofeev, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem kawm tiav los ntawm Moscow State University. Nyob rau hauv 1957, nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm kev kawm tsis ua hauj lwm thiab systematic absenteeism. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau mus ua tus neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam rau lub tuam tsev tsim kho "Remstroytrest".

Nyob hauv tsev so ntawm lub tuam txhab, nws tau teeb tsa ib lub voj voog kev sau ntawv, uas txhua tus neeg uas xav nyeem nws cov paj huam, thiab Benedict nws tus kheej excerpts los ntawm classical tej hauj lwm. Cov thawj coj tsis nyiam cov rooj sib tham no, lawv tau ntiab nws.

Yerofeev siv sijhawm ob xyoos hauv Ukraine. Thaum nws rov qab mus rau lub peev, nyob rau hauv 1959, nws rov mus rau lub philological kws qhia ntawv, tab sis twb nyob rau hauv lub Orekhovo-Zuevsky pedagogical.lub koom haum. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws luam tawm ib phau ntawv almanac, tab sis ib xyoos tom qab ntawd nws raug ntiab tawm dua.

Ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, tus kws sau ntawv hloov ntau txoj haujlwm, tsis nyob qhov twg mus ntev. Nws kuj tau sim kawm tiav los ntawm Kolomna thiab Vladimir Pedagogical Institutes, tab sis vim muaj teeb meem nrog kev qhuab qhia, nws raug ntiab tawm tas li.

Kev ua haujlwm zoo

Muaj tsawg heev ua haujlwm hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Venedikt Erofeev. Nws tswj kom ua tiav tsib txoj haujlwm xwb. Txawm nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, nws pib sau "Notes of a Psychopath". Nyob rau hauv hom ntawv teev npe nkag, nws teem tawm nws tus kheej kwj ntawm kev nco qab, nyob rau hauv uas tag nrho cov lus tsis muaj tseeb thiab kev xav phem tau ua ke nrog cov tswv yim zoo. Phau ntawv no yog thawj zaug luam tawm xyoo 2000.

Qhia luv luv txog keeb kwm ntawm Venedikt Erofeev, yuav tsum tau hais txog zaj dab neeg "Txoj Xov Zoo", uas nws tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1960. Nws tsis tau raug khaws cia tag. Txoj haujlwm tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Nietzsche, uas Erofeev tau kawm thaum lub sijhawm.

Moscow - Petushki

Xyoo 1970, tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm kawm tiav los ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub neej - paj huam "Moscow - Petushki". Biography thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Venedikt Erofeev merged nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, vim hais tias muaj ntau yam uas tau piav nyob rau hauv nws tshwm sim rau tus sau nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag.

Tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb tseem hu ua Venya, ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau nws mus rau nws tus poj niam thiab tus menyuam. Haus ntawm txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, nws hloov tawm hais tias nws coj lub tsheb ciav hlau tsis ncaj ncees lawm, mus nyob rau hauv lub opposite direction. Venya rov qab mus rau lub nroog, qhov chaw uas neeg txawv teb chaws tua nws.

Paj huam "Moscow - Petushki"Venedikt Erofeev yog tsim los ntawm cov tshooj uas nws cov npe sib haum mus rau cov npe ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb txoj kev. Cov hauj lwm tam sim ntawd dismantled rau hauv quotes, nws tau los ua ib tug incredibly nrov, txawm hais tias nws tsis yog officially luam tawm.

Qhov tseeb nthuav los ntawm phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Venedikt Erofeev txuas nrog qhov tseeb tias thawj zaug cov paj huam "Moscow - Petushki" tau luam tawm xyoo 1973 hauv Ixayees. Tom qab ntawd phau ntawv tau luam tawm hauv Paris thiab London. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, cov hauj lwm tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Sobriety thiab Culture" nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv version ntawm lub xeem 80s.

Artworks

Ntawm lwm cov hauj lwm ntawm tus sau, ib tug yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov ntawv sau "Vasily Rozanov los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm ib tug eccentric" thiab "Sasha Cherny thiab lwm tus", ua si "Walpurgis Hmo ntuj, los yog cov kauj ruam ntawm tus thawj coj", a xaiv Lenin cov lus hu ua "Kuv tus me Leniniana", ib qho kev ua si tsis tiav " Dissidents, los yog Fanny Kaplan"

Erofeev tau thov tias nws kuj tau sau cov ntawv tshiab "Shostakovich", uas nws poob rau hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau, lossis raug nyiag lawm. Ntau tus neeg thuam xav tias qhov no yog ib qho ntawm nws cov lus dag.

Xyoo 1994, cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim tias qhov tshiab tau pom thiab yuav tshaj tawm sai sai. Tab sis tsuas yog ib nqe lus tshwm sim hauv luam, uas feem ntau xav txog qhov cuav.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Venedikt Erofeev, tus kheej lub neej ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Nws ntsib nws thawj tus hlub thaum nws nyob hauv ib lub tsev so hauv Moscow State University. Nws yog Antonina Muzykantskaya, nrognyob qhov twg lawv hnub tau txog ib xyoos.

Lub caij nplooj zeeg, tus kws sau ntawv tau ntsib Yulia Runova. Nws fascinated nws, Erofeev pheej mus hais plaub rau tus hluas nkauj, muab mus nrog nws mus rau lub Kola Peninsula. Xyoo 1961, lawv tau sib cais, tab sis kev sib koom siab ntawm lawv tseem nyob. Tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm pheej sim nrhiav Runova, tab sis lawv cov rooj sib tham tau rov pib dua xyoo 1971, thaum Yulia tau sib yuav thiab yug tau ib tug ntxhais.

Nws paub tias xyoo 1964 nws tau muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog Valentina Zimakova, uas nyob hauv cheeb tsam Petushinsky. Thaum pib ntawm 1966, lawv tus tub yug los, lawv tau kos npe thiab nyob hauv lub zos ntawm Myshlino hauv cheeb tsam Vladimir. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws sau ntawv xyaum tsis nyob nrog nws tsev neeg. Nws siv hmo ntuj nrog phooj ywg thiab cov neeg paub, haus ntau heev. Kev sib yuav thaum kawg tau tawg xyoo 1975.

Tus poj niam thib ob ntawm Erofeev yog Galina Nosova, uas nws tau sib yuav thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1976. Ib xyoos tom qab, nkawm niam txiv tau txais ib chav tsev nyob hauv Moscow. Tab sis txhua lub sijhawm no, Venedikt pheej ntsib nrog Runova, uas ua rau nws tsev neeg nyuaj heev.

Kev quav cawv

Erofeev haus ntau heev. Xyoo 1979, thaum nws thiab nws tus poj niam mus ntsib tus tij laug Yuri, nws tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob rau hnub Christmas nrog delirium tremens. Lub sijhawm ntawd, raws li nws cov ntawv sau cia, nws haus txhua hnub ntev. Xyoo 1982, tus kws sau ntawv tau mus rau lub tsev kho mob hauv nroog kom rov zoo los ntawm kev haus cawv.

Tom qab raug tso tawm, nws tau caij nkoj nrog nws tus phooj ywg Nikolai Melnikov hla lub pas dej thiab sab qaum teb mus rau Hiav Txwv Dawb. Thoob plaws hauv kev taug kev, tus kws sau ntawv tau dhuav heevRaws li Runova, sau ntawv rau nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj lwm tus poj niam hauv nws lub neej, tom qab rov los ua luam dej, tsev neeg tau sib nrauj.

Xyoo 1983, Erofeev rov qab mus rau hauv tsev kho mob vim haus dej cawv. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, nws tus poj niam tau pauv nws mus rau tsev kho mob puas hlwb.

Kev tuag

Nws ntseeg tias nws qhov kev xav rau kev haus cawv yog caj ces. Nws txiv thiab kwv tij haus ntau heev. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas, Erofeev tsis kov cawv kiag li. Nws hais tias txhua yam pib tam sim ntawd. Nws pom ib lub raj mis ntawm lub qhov rais, yuav nws, haus nws, thiab txij thaum ntawd los nws nres tsis tau.

Xyoo 1985, Venedikt tau kuaj pom tias mob qog noj ntshav. Cov qog raug tshem tawm, tab sis tus kws sau ntawv poob nws lub suab. Hauv tebchaws Ltalis, lawv tau tsim cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau nws nrog lub microphone uas yuav tsum tau siv rau lub larynx.

Ib xyoos tom qab, cov kws kho mob Fab Kis tau cog lus tias yuav kho nws lub suab, tab sis tsoomfwv Soviet tsis kam tso nws tawm hauv lub tebchaws.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los ntawm nws lub neej, Erofeev tau txais koob meej tom qab tshaj tawm cov paj huam "Moscow - Petushki". Cov kiv cua thiab ntau tus neeg sau xov xwm ntxhov siab rau tus kws sau ntawv.

Dhau li ntawd, nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, nws nyuaj siab. Xyoo 1990, cov kws kho mob pom tias mob qog noj ntshav tau nce ntxiv. Tus kws sau ntawv tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob thiab muab tshuaj kho mob. Tab sis tsis ntev lawv raug yuam kom tsis kam kho, vim tias mob hnyav heev.

Lub Tsib Hlis 11, 1990, Venedikt Erofeev tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 51 xyoos. Nws raug faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas Kuntsevo.