Cov duab zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Giotto di Bondone thiab lawv cov lus piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov lus uas tuaj yeem piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Italian Giotto di Bondone yog cov kab ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Arseny Tarkovsky:

Kuv yog tib neeg, Kuv nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb, Muaj ntau cov ciliates qab kuv, Muaj ntau lub hnub qub nyob ntawm kuv xub ntiag.

Kuv dag ntawm lawv qhov siab -

Ob shores txuas lub hiav txwv, Ob qhov chaw txuas nrog tus choj.

Cov lus no tsis yog tus kws sau ntawv nkaus xwb, tab sis tag nrho lub sijhawm uas nws nyob. Giotto cov duab kos yog tus choj uas txuas ob theem hauv kev kos duab.

Tus tsim ntawm niaj hnub painting

Giotto nyob ntawm qhov thib ob centuries - lub 13th thiab 14th. Raws nraim qhov nruab nrab ntawm nws lub neej poob rau lub sijhawm no, thiab lub sijhawm no hauv txhua lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai feem ntau hu ua lub sijhawm ntawm Dante thiab Giotto. Lawv yog ib haiv neeg.

Tus kws lij choj Merab Mamardashvili ib zaug hais txog Giotto cov duab kos: "Giotto tau mus rau qhov tsis zoo tshaj xoom." Cov kab lus nyuaj no ib zaug ua rau ntau tus luag. Tab sis yog tias koj xav txog nws, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom meej meej dua. Tom qab tag nrho, Giotto, raws li ib tug kws kos duab, pib los ntawm kos.

Saib cov duab nto moo tshaj plawsGiotto. Nws ua dab tsi hauv kev kos duab, qhov nws tau thov rau kev kos duab, tsis muaj leej twg tau ua ua ntej nws. Nws pib los ntawm xoom, thiab tej zaum nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no txhua tus txiv neej ntawm genius mus rau ib tug transcendental xoom. Michelangelo, Paul Cezanne thiab Kazimir Malevich ua nws. Lawv pib los ntawm kos, los ntawm kos. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, thiab Giotto mus rau qhov transcendental xoom. Vim hais tias ib tug muaj peev xwm hais txog nws heev calmly thiab ntseeg siab: nws yog nrog Giotto Bondone uas niaj hnub European painting pib.

Ntau yam tsim tawm

Peb paub dab tsi ntawm Giotto cov duab? Cov no yog "Tus Adoration ntawm Magi", "Kev nkag mus rau hauv lub Tuam Tsev", "Lub Entombment", "Anna's Blessing", "Crucifixion", "Miracle with the Source". Giotto di Bondone pleev xim rau paintings thiab frescoes rau Arena Chapel hauv Padua, rau pawg ntseeg hauv Florence thiab Assisi. Nws cov ntawv sau tsis tuaj yeem tsis meej pem nrog cov qauv ntawm lwm tus kws kos duab. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm Giotto cov duab kos yog qhov rov qab los ntawm txoj moo zoo zaj lus piv txwv. Nws kuj tau tso peb cov duab ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv, xws li St. Francis, St. Lawrence, St. Stefan, John the Evangelist thiab lwm tus

Giotto cov duab nrog cov npe uas tsis yog Padua, Florence thiab Vatican yog nyob rau hauv phau ntawv teev cov tsev khaws puav pheej xws li Jacquemart-André thiab Louvre hauv Fab Kis, hauv National Gallery of Art hauv Washington thiab hauv Raleigh (University of North. Carolina), hauv Paris, hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thiab UK.

Ua ntej nws, lub cim lossis Byzantine painting tau txais nyob rau hauv European ntiaj teb. Cov duab los ntawm Giotto di Bondone nrog cov npe hauv phau Vajlugkub hais rau lawv tus kheej. Tab sis cov no tsis txhais tau tias icons. Qhov no yog lub npe nrov "Ognisanti Madonna", khaws cia rau hauvUffizi, thiab Giotto's painting "Flight into Egypt".

Muab lub cev rau cov cim hauv phau Vajlugkub

Tus neeg sau keeb kwm ntawm Italian cov kws kos duab Giorgio Vasari qhia peb cov lus dab neeg uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd: Giotto yog ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm tus kws kos duab Cimabue. Thiab hauv Uffizi Tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ob daim duab dai nyob ze, ob lub Madonnas - Madonna Cimabue thiab Madonna Giotto.

Thaum koj saib ob Madonnas thiab muab piv rau lawv, txawm tias koj tsis paub dab tsi txog kev kos duab, koj pom qhov txawv tsis yog ntawm ob tus kws ua yeeb yam, tab sis kuj nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub sijhawm, ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv. Koj pom qhov txawv kiag li. Koj nkag siab tias lawv pom lub ntiaj teb no sib txawv kiag li.

Cimabue's paintings yog txawv txawv refined, graceful, ib tug yuav hais tias nws tsis yog ib tug Byzantine, medieval, tab sis yog ib tug Gothic artist. Nws Madonna yog ethereal, amazingly zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj. Cov ntiv tes ntev, caj npab ntev tsis tuav tus menyuam, tab sis ua ib qho cim tias lawv tuav nws. Nws lub ntsej muag qhia txog sab hnub tuaj canon tau txais hauv Byzantine painting: lub ntsej muag nqaim, qhov muag ntev, lub qhov ntswg nyias, kev tu siab hauv nws ob lub qhov muag.

Qhov no yog lub tiaj tus ethereal canonical xwm txheej pleev xim ntawm lub cim, ntsej muag. Tsis yog ntsej muag, tsis yog hom neeg, tab sis lub ntsej muag.

Thiab ib sab ntawm nws dai lub cim, lossis, cia peb hais, twb muaj duab, Giotto. Nyob rau hauv lub zwm txwv, ib tug inlaid, zoo nkauj lub zwm txwv, nyob rau hauv ib tug style uas tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tau saws, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tuaj rau hauv zam. Xws li marble inlay. Ib tug dav-lub xub pwg nyom, muaj zog, tus hluas nkauj zaum, nrog ib tug blush tag nrho nws sab plhu. Tuav tus menyuam kom ruaj khov. zoo nkaujlub tsho dawb. Lub cev qhia txog nws lub zog. Thiab nws calmly ntsia peb. Tsis muaj qhov mob ntawm nws lub ntsej muag. Nws yog tag nrho ntawm tib neeg lub meej mom thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Qhov no tsis yog Madonna lawm, tsis yog lub cim ntawm nkauj xwb. Qhov no yog Madonna nyob rau hauv lub lig Italian kev nkag siab thiab nkag siab ntawm no zajlus. Ntawd yog, qhov no yog Mary thiab Poj Niam Zoo Nkauj.

Nws muaj kev nyab xeeb los hais tias qhov Giotto tau ua li cas hauv kev pleev xim rau hauv European zoo kos duab kom txog rau thaum impressionism. Nws yog Giotto uas tau tsim dab tsi hauv cov lus niaj hnub hu ua kev sib xyaw. Kev muaj pes tsawg leeg yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog li cas tus kws kos duab pom cov zajlus, nws xav li cas. Nws ua tim khawv, tus neeg koom nrog qhov xwm txheej. Nws tsim qhov illusion tias nws tus kheej nyob ntawd.

Kev ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub phiaj xwm

Ntawd yog, tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej yog tus kws sau ntawv, tus thawj coj thiab ua yeeb yam ntawm nws cov duab. Nws cov creation yog ib hom kev ua yeeb yam uas cov neeg ua yeeb yam ua, thiab nws, tus kws kos duab, coj cov neeg ua yeeb yam. "Kuv nyob ntawd! Kuv muab kuv cov lus rau koj, kuv tau nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tab sis nws yog li ntawd, "Giotto xyaum hais nrog nws cov kev tsim. Zoo, puas yog qhov xav tau rau medieval nco ntsoov hais ib yam li ntawd!

Giotto tshwm rau peb ntawm tus neeg uas muaj lub luag haujlwm rau qhov nws sau. Thiab nws cov duab kos, tshwj xeeb, "Hnia ntawm Judas" thiab "Flight into Egypt", yog frescoes pleev xim los ntawm cov neeg pom ntawm qhov kev ua.

Mural pleev xim los ntawm tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej

Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1303, Giotto tau txais kev pom zoo - kev xaj kom pleev xim rau lub tsev teev ntuj me me,uas tau tsim hauv lub nroog Padua hauv Roman Arena. Biography Joto, ntau precisely, ib tug ntawm nws biography Giorgio Vasari tawm cov ntaub ntawv nthuav heev. Nws hais tias Giotto tuaj pleev xim rau lub tsev teev ntuj Padua, tsis ntev ua ntej ntawm nws lub tuam txhab, uas yog, nws cov phooj ywg. Ib yam li nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog Andrei Rublev pleev xim rau nws cov neeg koom tes, tib yam li nyob rau sab hnub poob lub tsev teev ntuj tau pleev xim los ntawm ib tug kws kos duab nrog lub npe zoo, cov neeg koom tes, uas yog, nrog nws pab neeg ua yeeb yam. "Hnia ntawm Judas" - ib tug fresco uas nws pleev xim rau nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ob peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm nws, zoo li Rublev's Trinity, thiab nws yeej qhia Giotto tus cwj pwm zoo heev.

"Kiss of Judas": piav qhia ntawm daim duab

Thiab thaum peb saib lub fresco "Lub Hnia ntawm Judas", peb tam sim ntawd taw qhia qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog peb ob lub qhov muag. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw no. Peb pom tias Judas, embracing Christ, absorbs nws li cas. Thiab ob daim duab no yog qhov tseem ceeb. Peb pom ntawm sab xis seb tus pov thawj hlob ntawm lub tuam tsev Yeluxalees nkag mus li cas. Nws taw tes rau ntawm Tswv Yexus. Thiab ntawm sab laug peb pom tus Thwj Tim Petus, uas, txawm hais tias nws tsis lees paub peb zaug, thaum tus qaib qw peb zaug, txawm li cas los xij, txawm li ntawd los rub rab riam thiab txiav lawv pob ntseg. Peb pom tias nws muab rab riam no pov rau Yudas li cas, tiam sis cov neeg coob coob thaiv nws txoj kev, thiab yog tias peb ua raws li tus pov thawj hlob txhais tes thiab txoj kev ntawm riam, peb yuav pom tias cov kab no sib sau ua ke saum Yudas lub tsho, tsuas yog ntawm lub ntsej muag. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis yog ob daim duab txuas ua ke, tab sis ob lub ntsej muag. Ntawm no nrog qhov nocov ntsiab lus zoo siab nyeem zaj nkauj no.

Zoo thiab tensions

Giotto ib txwm hais txog nrog qee qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: "Giotto nrhiav pom dab tsi?". Piv txwv li, hauv Fellini's Amarcord, thaum ib tus kws qhia kos duab hauv tsev kawm ntawv nug txog dab tsi Giotto tsim, cov tub ntxhais kawm qw hu nkauj: "Xaiv." Qhov no funny heev. Tom qab tag nrho, Giotto tsis tau tsim ib qho kev xav. Qhov no yog ib nqe lus tsis raug. Nws tsis tau tsim ib qho kev xav, tab sis lwm qhov chaw ntawm daim duab, qhov chaw yuav tsum to taub raws li qhov kev txiav txim nthuav tawm rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus neeg saib.

Saib ntawm Judas Kiss fresco. Muaj neeg coob coob. Thiab pawg neeg no tau nkag mus rau hmo ntuj. Thoob plaws lub ntuj tsaus, torches hlawv sab laug thiab sab xis. Koj xav tias txav tawm tsam saum ntuj. Nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti, cov teeb ci, nplaim taws hloov pauv, koj hnov qhov kev zoo siab thiab hluav taws xob ntawm cov neeg coob coob. Dab tsi yog qhov nthuav hauv pawg neeg? Tias nws yog los ntawm txhais tau tias indifferent. Hauv cov khoom ntxiv no, yog tias koj saib ze, yuav luag txhua tus neeg koom nrog tsim. Tsuas muaj cov xeev uas pauv tau zoo kawg nkaus.

Multi-time

Giotto yog thawj zaug, tab sis kuj yog tus kawg. Nws, raws li lawv hais, tsis tsuas yog teem, tab sis kuj daws tau ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov dej num, tsis yog tsuas yog tsim cov muaj pes tsawg leeg "Kuv, Giotto, Kuv pom qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo li no: ntawm no yog kuv cov cim, ntawm no yog kuv pawg hu nkauj!", Thiab thaum nws ua haujlwm tawm ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, thaum nws kuj qhia tau hais tias muaj ntau lub sijhawm hauv ib qho kev ua.

Txhua tusNws cov frescoes ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob, thiab txawm tias xav tsis thoob. Yuav ua li cas ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv ib lub neej, tsis muaj precedents, raws li lawv hais tias, tau mus txog lub transcendental xoom, tsim niaj hnub European kos duab los ntawm kos, ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li ib tug kev txiav txim ib ntus, raws li ib tug ua-thiab-kev sib raug zoo, saturating nws nrog ntau haiv neeg. lub sij hawm thiab ntau ntau ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws ntxoov?

Zaj lus

Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb muaj ntau dua los sis tsawg txheeb xyuas hauv kev nthuav dav tsuas yog ob daim duab los ntawm Giotto nrog lub npe "Lub Hnia ntawm Judas" thiab "Madonna Ognisanti". Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv tuaj yeem qhuas tsis kawg. Koj tuaj yeem saib lawv tau ntau teev, tab sis lub neej tsis txaus los qhia txog txhua qhov kev tsim ntawm Giotto di Bondone, uas nws cov duab kos tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm lub sijhawm thiab tseem nyob hauv lub sijhawm. Tag nrho cov no yog cov creation ntawm tus loj tshaj artist thiab tus txiv neej uas pib los ntawm kos.