Tonalities: txhais, parallel, eponymous thiab enharmonic sib npaug tonalities

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Thaum tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag pib kawm zaj nkauj tshiab, thawj qhov nws ua yog txiav txim siab tus yuam sij. Thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi lub tshuab ntaus suab paj nruag plays, suab lossis tsuas yog kawm tus lej solfeggio. Yog tsis muaj kev nkag siab meej txog tonality, nws nyuaj heev los kawm ib daim tshiab. Thiab thaum nws los txog kev sib haum xeeb… Lub peev xwm los tsim chords yog nyob ntawm kev nkag siab tus yuam sij.

PIB

tonality yog dab tsi? Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no txawv, nws nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev kawm, thiab nyob ntawm tus sau phau ntawv. Cov lus txhais hauv qab no ntawm lo lus "tonality" yog ua tau:

• Key is the name of mode.
• Key is the height of fret.
• Tonality - pitch position of the fret ("Elementary Theory of Music", Sposobin).
• Lub tonality (classical) yog centralized,functionally sib txawv, raws li ib tug diatonic ob-hom loj-me system ntawm ib tug chord hom, nyob rau hauv uas lub chord yog lub ntsiab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, thiab cov qauv yog txiav txim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus daws teeb meem ("Harmony nyob rau hauv Western European suab paj nruag. ntawm lub 9th - thaum ntxov 20th centuries", L. Dyachkova).

Cov yuam sij yog qhov loj thiab me, nws nyob ntawm hom uas underlies. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yuam sij yog sib npaug, ntawm tib lub npe, thiab tseem muaj kev sib npaug sib npaug. Wb sim saib seb nws txhais li cas.

Parallel, tib-npe, enharmonic vaj huam sib luag yuam sij

Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb los ntawm kev txiav txim siab tonality yog kev ntxhov siab (loj lossis me), cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv (ntse lossis flats, lawv tus lej) thiab tonic (lub suab ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm tonality, kuv degree).

Yog tias peb tham txog qhov sib npaug thiab zoo sib xws, ces ntawm no hom yog ib txwm txawv. Qhov ntawd yog, yog cov yuam sij sib npaug, lawv yog qhov loj thiab me, yog tias lawv yog tib lub npe, nws zoo sib xws.

Parallel yog cov yuam sij loj thiab me, uas muaj tib lub cim tseem ceeb thiab cov tonics sib txawv. Piv txwv li, cov no yog C loj (C-dur) thiab A minor (A-moll).

Koj tuaj yeem pom tias hauv cov ntawv loj thiab me me tib yam siv rau hauv cov yuam sij no, tab sis kuv qib thiab hom sib txawv. Nrhiav cov yuam sij sib npaug yog ib qho yooj yim, lawv nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm qhov thib peb me. Yuav kom nrhiav tau ib tug me me thaum uas tig mus, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug me me thib peb los ntawm thawj kauj ruam, thiabtxhawm rau nrhiav qhov loj sib npaug, koj yuav tsum tsim qhov me thib peb.

Koj kuj tseem nco tau tias cov tonic ntawm cov menyuam yaus sib npaug yog nyob rau VI degree ntawm lub ntuj loj, thiab lub tonic ntawm parallel loj yog nyob rau qib III ntawm cov me.

Hauv qab no yog lub rooj ntawm cov yuam sij sib npaug.

C major - Ib tug minor

Sharp keys

G Major G-dur	D major D-dur	A major A-dur	E maj E-dur	B maj H-dur	F sharp major Fis-dur	C-sharp major Cis-dur
E minor e-moll	B minor h-moll	F ntse minor fis-moll	C-ntse minor cis-moll	G ntse minor gis-moll	D-sharp minor dis-moll	A-ntse minor ais-moll

nplua nuj

F maj F-dur	B Flat Major B-dur	E Flat Major Es-dur	A Flat Major As-dur	D flat major Des-dur	G Flat Major Ges-dur	C-flat major Ces-dur
D minor d-moll	G minor g-moll	C minor c-moll	F minor f-moll	B flat minor b-moll	E flat minor es-moll	Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws as-moll

Cov yuam sij loj thiab me yog hu ua tib lub npe, lawv muaj cov cim tseem ceeb sib txawv thiab tib lub tonics. Piv txwv li, cov no yog C-dur (C-dur) thiab C-me (c-moll).

Koj tuaj yeem nkag siab lub ntsiab ntawm cov yuam sij ntawm tib lub npe txawm tias los ntawm lub npe, lawv muaj ib lub npe, ib lub tonic. Cov yuam sij ntawm tib lub npe (hauv lawv daim ntawv ntuj) txawv hauv qib III, VI thiab VII.

Enharmonic equal tonalities hu ua tonalities, lub suab ntawm uas, txhua kauj ruam thiab consonances uas yog enharmonic sib npaug, piv txwv li lawv suab tib yam, muaj tib lub suab, tab sis sau txawv.

Piv txwv li, yog tias koj ua si C-ntse thiab D-flat, lawv suab tib yam, cov suab no sib npaug sib npaug.

Piv txwv ntawm cov yuam sij sib npaug sib npaug

Txoj kev xav, rau txhua tus yuam sij, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov hloov pauv zoo, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, cov yuam sij siv tsis tau yuav tig tawm. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov yuam sij sib npaug sib npaug yog ua kom yooj yim lub neej ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam.

Muaj ob lub laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev hloov tus yuam sij:

• Tones raug hloov los txo cov cim. Piv txwv li, hauv C-sharp loj muaj 7 sharps, thiab hauv D-flat loj5 faab. Cov yuam sij nrog cov cim tsawg dua yog qhov yooj yim dua, yooj yim dua, yog li D-flat loj yog siv ntau dua.
• Rau ntau hom twj paj nruag, qee cov yuam sij zoo dua. Piv txwv li, rau ib pab pawg ntawm bowed string instruments (violin, viola, cello), cov yawm sij ntse yog qhov zoo dua, thiab cov yawm sij tiaj tus yooj yim dua rau cov twj paj nruag cua.

Muaj 6 khub ntawm cov yuam sij hloov pauv, 3 loj thiab 3 tus me.

Piv txwv ntawm cov yuam sij tseem ceeb

C sharp major - 7 sharps Cis-dur	F sharp major - 6 sharps Fis-dur	B loj - 5 sharps H-dur
D flat major - 5 flats Des-dur	G flat major - 6 flats Ges-dur	C-flat loj - 7 flats Ces-dur

Piv txwv ntawm cov yuam sij me

A-ntse minor- 7 sharps ais-moll	D-ntse minor - 6 sharps dis-moll	G-ntse minor - 5 sharps gis-moll
B flat minor - 5 flats b-moll	E flat minor - 6 flats es-moll	Ib tug me me - 7 flats as-moll

Yog tias peb tham txog kev hloov pauv tsis zoo, ces peb tuaj yeem suav ua piv txwv xws li tus yuam sij C loj (tsis muaj cim) thiab C-ntse loj (12 lub ntsej muag). Nws yuav enharmonic sib npaug C loj thiab D ob chav loj loj (12 flats).

Tonalities ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau nkauj, qee cov duab tau muab rau qee qhov, piv txwv li, txij li lub sijhawm JS suav tias yog lub suab ntawm kev hlub. Nws yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov voj voog ntawm kev ua haujlwm sau nyob rau hauv txhua tus yuam sij raug tsim: 2 ntim ntawm lub zoo-tempered clavier los ntawm JS. Bach, 24 preludes los ntawm F. Chopin, 24 preludes los ntawm A. Scriabin, 24 preludes thiab fugues los ntawm D. Shostakovich. Thiab ib qho ntawm kev lees paub ntawm kev muaj peev xwm, kev ua tiav ntawm cov haujlwm no yog kev paub txog cov yuam sij.