Naum Korzhavin - biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Peb tus phab ej niaj hnub no yog tus kws sau paj huam Naum Korzhavin. Nws biography yuav tham nyob rau hauv kom meej tom qab. Nws tseem hu ua playwright, tus txhais lus thiab tus sau prose. Nws niam ua haujlwm ua tus kws kho mob. Nyob rau hauv 2006 nws tau txais ib qho khoom plig tshwj xeeb los ntawm Big Book project. Xyoo 2016 nws tau txais lub teb chaws Poet Award.

Biography

Ua ntej, cia peb tham txog qhov twg thiab thaum twg Naum Korzhavin yug. Nws biography pib rau lub kaum hli ntuj 14, 1925 nyob rau hauv Kyiv. Kuv nkag mus rau hauv paj huam thaum ntxov. Nws kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv Kyiv. Ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, raws li cov memoirs ntawm peb hero, nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog tus thawj coj raug suav hais tias yog vim li cas. Nikolai Aseev pom tus kws sau ntawv hluas thaum tseem nyob hauv Kyiv. Nws yog nws leej twg hais txog tus tub hluas nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ib puag ncig ntawm Moscow. Thaum lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog pib, tus kws sau paj lug tau khiav tawm ntawm Kyiv. Vim qhov mob myopia hnyav, nws tsis nkag mus rau hauv tub rog. Nyob rau hauv 1944 nws mus rau Moscow. Nws tau sim los ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Sau Npe hu ua A. M. Gorky. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis ua tiav. Xyoo 1945 nws nkag mus hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no. Ntawm cov neeg nyob ze hauv hostel, peb tus phab ej muaj Vladimir Tendryakov thiab RasulGamzatov. Nyob rau hauv 1947, nyob rau ntawm qhov siab ntawm Stalin lub phiaj los nqis tes, lub hom phiaj ntawm "kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cosmopolitanism", tus tub hluas kws sau paj lug raug ntes. Nws yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm li 8 lub hlis hauv pawg ntseeg cais ntawm USSR Ministry of State Security, nrog rau ntawm Serbsky Institute. Yog li ntawd, peb tus phab ej tau raug txim raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham Tshwj Xeeb ntawm MGB. Nws raug txim raug ntiab tawm. Nws raug sim raws li tsab xov xwm 58-1 thiab 7-35 ntawm Txoj Cai Txhaum Cai, yog li nws tau raug lees paub tias yog "kev phom sij hauv zej zog." Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1948 peb hero raug xa mus rau Siberia. Nws siv sijhawm li 3 xyoos hauv ib lub zos hu ua Chumakovo. Los ntawm 1951 txog 1954 nws tau ua haujlwm txuas mus rau thaj chaw ntawm Karaganda. Lub sijhawm no, nws kawm tiav nws txoj kev kawm hauv Mining College. Nyob rau hauv 1953 nws tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm ib tug foreman. Tom qab amnesty, nws mus rau Moscow. Nyob rau hauv 1956 nws twb rehabilitation. Nws rov qab los ntawm lub koom haum. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no nyob rau hauv 1959. Tus kws sau paj lug khwv tau nws txoj sia los ntawm kev txhais lus. Thaum lub sij hawm "thaw" nws pib luam tawm paj huam nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawv xov xwm. Ntau lub koob meej tau coj los rau nws los ntawm kev tshaj tawm xaiv cov haujlwm ntawm nplooj ntawv sau paj huam Tarusa Pages. Xyoo 1963, nws phau ntawv "Lub Xyoo" tau luam tawm. Phau ntawv sau no suav nrog cov paj huam sau thaum lub sijhawm xyoo 1941 txog 1961. Nyob rau hauv 1967, lub Stanislavsky Theatre muab tso rau hauv qhov kev ua si "Once Upon a Time in the Twentieth", sau los ntawm peb tus phab ej. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm, tus kws sau paj huam ua haujlwm tseem muaj cov khoom siv hauv av. Ntau cov paj huam tau muab faib rau hauv cov npe samizdat. Nyob rau hauv 1960s, tus kws sau paj lug hais nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm "cov neeg raug txim ntawm lub siab" Galanskov thiab Ginzburg, Daniel thiab Sinyavsky. Cov xwm txheej no ua rau muaj kev txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm.ua haujlwm.

Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw

Naum Korzhavin tau nkag mus rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Soviet Union, uas tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv 1973, tom qab ib tug interrogation uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub prosecutor lub chaw ua hauj lwm, peb hero tau ua ib daim ntawv thov kev tso cai tawm hauv lub teb chaws. Nws piav qhia nws cov kauj ruam los ntawm "tsis muaj huab cua tsim nyog rau lub neej." Tus kws sau paj lug mus rau teb chaws USA. Tau nyob hauv Boston. Maksimov tau suav nrog tus naj npawb ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Paj huam txuas ntxiv. Xyoo 1976, nws sau cov paj huam "Lub Sijhawm" tau luam tawm hauv Frankfurt am Main. Xyoo 1981, phau ntawv "Plexus" tau luam tawm muaj. Nyob rau hauv post-perestroika lub sij hawm, peb hero muaj lub cib fim mus rau Russia, nws tau tso cai tuav paj huam yav tsaus ntuj. Nws tuaj rau Lavxias teb sab peev thawj zaug, tau txais kev caw tus kheej los ntawm Okudzhava. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub eighties. Thawj qhov chaw uas nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim yog Cinema House. Lub tsev ntawd puv nkaus. Cov rooj zaum ntxiv tau muab tso rau ntawm sab balconies, uas tau coj los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm cov chaw ua haujlwm. Thaum Okudzhava thiab Korzhavin tshwm sim nyob rau theem, tag nrho cov neeg tuaj saib sawv thiab muab ib tug sawv ovation. Peb tus phab ej tsis pom zoo. Yog li ntawd, Okudzhava leaped rau nws thiab hais tias lub tsev txais tos lawv sawv. Korzhavin txaj muag heev. Ces nws nyeem paj huam thiab teb ntau yam lus nug. Nws ua txhua yam no los ntawm kev nco. Kuv nyeem tsis tau phau ntawv vim qhov muag tsis pom kev. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam uas tuaj koom lub rooj sib tham thaum cov neeg saib pib tawm hauv lub tsev. Tsis muaj kev npaj, lawv nyeem los ntawm phau ntawv ib qho ntawm cov paj huam uas lawv random qhib sau.

Reviews

Naum Korzhavin ua tus kws sau paj huam raug ntsuas txawv. Wolfgang Kazak hu nws cov lus tuab, stingy nrog kev xav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm ntawm peb tus phab ej, raws li tib neeg thuam, tau txais kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev nom kev tswv vim kev paub tsis meej. Wolfgang Kazak kuj tseem hais ntxiv tias tus kws sau paj huam ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj thiab lub siab uas nws pom, nrog rau kev ntseeg hauv qhov kaj thiab kev nom kev tswv.

Lub neej ntiag tug

Peb twb tau tham luv luv hais tias Naum Korzhavin yog leej twg. Nws tus kheej lub neej yuav piav qhia hauv qab no. Thawj tus poj niam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yog Valentina Mandel. Nws kuj muaj ib tug ntxhais, Elena. Tus poj niam thib ob ntawm peb tus phab ej yog Lyubov Semyonovna, uas tau tas sim neej hauv 2014. Lawv tau sib yuav txij li xyoo 1965. Lyubov Semyonovna yog ib tug kws kho mob.

Compositions

Xyoo 1961, phau ntawv "16 Paj Lug" tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1962, Naum Korzhavin luam tawm paj huam "Lub hnub yug ntawm ib puas xyoo". Xyoo 1976, phau ntawv "Time" tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv 1981, "Plexus" tshwm sim. Xyoo 1991, phau ntawv "Letter to Moscow" tau luam tawm, uas suav nrog cov paj huam thiab paj huam. Xyoo 1992, cov ntawv sau "Lub Sijhawm muab" tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv 2008, phau ntawv "Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nqes ntawm lub xyoo pua" tau sau. Kev sau ntawv ntawm peb tus phab ej belongs rau cov ntawv sau "In Defense of Banal Truths", "Marshak's Lyrics", "A. K. Tolstoy's Poetry", "Txoj hmoo ntawm Yaroslav Smelyakov", "Kev Paub Txog Poetic Biography".

Naum Korzhavin tau nthuav tawm hauv ntau daim duab. Nyob rau hauv 2003, zaj duab xis "Portraits ntawm lub era" raug tso tawm. Nyob rau hauv 2005, zaj duab xis "Lawvxaiv txoj kev ywj pheej. Nyob rau hauv 2011, daim kab xev "Emka Mandel los ntawm Colborne Road, 28" tshwm. Nyob rau hauv 2015, zaj duab xis "Naum Korzhavin. Lub sijhawm tau muab”… Tam sim no koj paub dab tsi Poet Naum Korzhavin nto moo rau. Nws daim duab txuas nrog rau cov khoom no.