Ideal proportion in architecture: siv thiab piv txwv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Architecture ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv thiab cov neeg xav tsis thoob nrog nws cov qauv thiab cov qauv. Tab sis cov tuam tsev nto moo tshaj plaws tau tsim los siv cov tswv yim tsim tau zoo uas ua rau nws ua tau kom pom kev pom lub tsev monumental tau yooj yim. Qhov sib npaug hauv architecture yog qhov sib haum xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus, ntu thiab cov duab uas ua rau lub tsev. Qhov no yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pawg sib txawv, uas ua rau muaj kev ncaj ncees rau qhov pom ntawm cov qauv.

Dab tsi yog Pentagon thiab Notre Dame Cathedral muaj sib xws? Cov lus teb yuav npaj txhij txog - geometry. Nws yog lej thiab geometry uas sib sau ua ke cov qauv no nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tus qauv zais cia, uas zoo li a: b=b: c lossis c: b=b: a. Nws yooj yim.

Golden Ratio: nws yog dab tsi

Raws rov qab li 1500 B. C. e. qhov tseeb ratio ntawm ib tug neeg qhov chaw nyob rau hauv relation mus rau tag nrho yog paub. Keeb kwm paub ntau yam piv txwv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev faib khoom faib hauv cov tsev, cov khoom siv kev cai dab qhuas, kev kos duab. Cov lus zais cia nyob rau hauv qhov piv txwv hu ua "Golden Ratio", thiab sib npaug ntawm Fibonacci tus naj npawb ntawm 1, 618 …, qhia raws li feem pua ntawm 62% rau 38%.

Ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj zoo uas tau ua haujlwm ze ntawm qhov kev sib piv kub yog Leonardo da Vinci, uas nkag siab cov lus zais ntawm kev xav zoo tshaj plaws thiab coj lawv mus rau ib daim ntawv tiav, tsim kom muaj tag nrho cov kev taw qhia. Tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv ib tug meej lub hom phiaj ntawm lub golden seem. Xws li kev faib ua feem zoo tshaj plaws hauv architecture tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev xav thiab kev sib haum xeeb ua tsaug rau ntau yam haujlwm ntawm da Vinci.

Divine faib: dab tsi yog tsim los ntawm xwm

Cia peb tig mus rau ntuj, uas yog yam tsis muaj xwm txheej thiab sib zog ua qhov zoo. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus txheej txheem tsim, koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam qhov sib piv ntawm 62: 38. Tau los txog qhov xaus tias kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev nkag siab yog qhov muaj nyob hauv tib neeg los ntawm qhov xwm txheej, cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua qhov piv txwv no "Divine Proportion".

Archimedes tau qhia nws nyob rau hauv ib lub kauv, rov hais dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm clam plhaub, ib zaug pom nws cov ntawv zoo tagnrho. Divine kev faib ua feem nyob rau hauv architecture yog qhia los ntawm kev sib piv cov ntau yam ntawm lub tsev thiab coj lawv mus rau ib tug tag nrho, harmonious rau kev nkag siab.

Tseeb, qhov zoo tag nrho lossis qhov tsis zoo feem ntau nyiam qhov muag. Ob leeg muaj tib lub hauv paus. Perfection yog ib qho zoo tagnrho tsim raws li lub golden piv system, thiab nws tsis muaj teeb meem txawm tias ib qho khoom siv los yog ntuj tsim tau siv rau hauv nws cov creation. Ugliness, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, attracts nrog ib tug tag nrho mismatch ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, uas yuam koj mus rau subconsciously saib rau zoo nkauj proportions inherent nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Thiab yog tiassim nrhiav lawv. Qhov tshwm sim no ua rau lub hlwb zoo siab, yuam kom peb nrhiav kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv txhua yam.

Ideal Buildings

Muaj ntau lub tsev, vaj tse, monuments thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no uas yuav ua tau ib tug cim ntawm kev sib haum xeeb nteg nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Zoo tagnrho golden, divine proportions nyob rau hauv architecture yog kom meej meej qhia los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv. Cov vaj tse zoo sib haum xeeb uas tsis muaj qhov tsis xis nyob me ntsis thaum saib lawv. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv.

Zoo nkauj kawg Assumption Cathedral ntawm Kiev-Pechersk Lavra tau ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev faib ua feem los saum ntuj los. Lub baroque style yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov daus-dawb phab ntsa thiab golden domes ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Lwm qhov piv txwv yog Petrovsky Travel Palace, tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab Matvey Kazakov. Lub tsev majestic tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Catherine II. Lub tshav puam sab hauv, ob lub tis thiab lub tsev nws tus kheej raug rau saum ntuj los.

Taj Mahal… A palace, a one-of-a-kind monument to great love. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan muab nws rau nws tus poj niam lig. Cov lus dab neeg ntawm Taj Mahal zoo nkauj thiab tu siab nyob rau hauv cov style oriental.

Cov vaj tse tseem ceeb, nrog kev kho kom zoo nkauj nplua nuj, muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas meters, zoo li lawv yuav tsum dhau los ntawm lawv qhov loj thiab lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txaus siab rau qhov muag, ua rau koj qhuas thiab rov qab los rau lawv dua.

Art thiab architecture

Architecture, kos duab - txhua yam uas yog tsim los ntawm tus txiv neej thiab siv zog ua kom zoo rau txiv neej. Ntau tus kws kes duab vajtsecov kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag sim nrhiav cov ntsiab lus kub, cov kev faib ua Vajtswv feem ntau, kom cov haujlwm lawv tsim tau hloov mus ua ib qho txuj ci. Qhov sib npaug hauv architecture thiab kos duab plays ib qho tseem ceeb, yog tias tsis yog thawj lub luag haujlwm. Txhua qhov sib xyaw yuav tsum sib haum xeeb thiab ruaj khov. Qhov sib piv kub hauv architecture, nrog rau hauv suab paj nruag, yog tsim los muab kev lom zem rau tib neeg los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog kev zoo nkauj.

Oriental proportions

East yog lub ntiaj teb tsim raws li kev cai ntawm xwm. Txhua yam uas muaj feem xyuam rau cov tsim tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab nruj me ntsis raws li tej kev cai, tsis muaj retreating ib kauj ruam. Geometry yog lub forte ntawm oriental kos duab. Lub nto moo Taj Mahal - Indian palace ua los ntawm dawb marble - muaj zoo meej proportions.

Kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov tsev nplua nuj, palaces ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj kuj raug rau saum ntuj los faib. Arches nrog ib tug triple ascending vault, kev npaj ntawm lub qhov rais, qhov rooj thiab facades ntawm lub ntsiab palace nkag mus kom meej meej qhia cov txuj ci ntawm architects thiab artists. Kev nco qab lossis kev paub txog kev siv ntawm kev faib ua ke hauv architecture thiab kos duab los ntawm cov tswv oriental tsim ib qho tshwj xeeb oriental style, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm nws cov originality thiab muaj siab rau natural harmony.

Styles hauv architecture thiab sab hauv tsim

Kev siv kev faib ua feem hauv architecture thiab kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv thiab tib neeg tau coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias txhua lub sijhawm tom ntej, noj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ib tus qauv, yug nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb hauv kev kos duab. Qhov sib piv golden yog pom nyob rau hauv txhua lub tsev tsim nyog ntawm nws lub sijhawm,Txawm hais tias cov tsos ntawm cov ntsiab lus txawv heev.

Greece

Ib lub teb chaws uas muaj cov cuab yeej cuab tam nplua nuj ntawm architectural monuments tuaj yeem muab ntau cov lus teb rau cov lus nug txog qhov sib piv golden. Cov proportions hauv Greek architecture zoo li zoo tagnrho. Ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws yog lub tuam tsev ntawm Athena - Parthenon. Cov qauv siv tau tsis muaj kab ncaj nraim, thiab sib haum mus rau qhov sib piv golden, thiab cov proportions ntawm pob zeb ntawm nws ko taw kuj yog los saum ntuj los.

Cov duab puab thiab busts tsim los ntawm Greek masters thaum ub muaj qhov sib luag zoo meej. Kev kos duab Greek ua rau nws nkag siab tias tus txiv neej, uas yog Vajtswv tsim, yog ib qho piv txwv zoo kawg nkaus.

YVictorian era

lus Askiv Victorian style yog raws li cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm qhov sib piv golden. Lub siab xav kom sib npaug thiab sib luag, kev siv cov kab ntshiab hauv qhov piv ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov xim thiab lub teeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom. Cov proportions ntawm architecture nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog yog qev rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv thiab cov tsev nyob rau tom qab lub sij hawm. Facades ntawm lub tsev nrog divine proportions tau ua ib yam nyob rau hauv lub Victorian era nrog nws lub siab xav rau kev sib haum xeeb thiab zoo li qub.

Neo-Gothic ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th

Qhov style no txuas ntxiv cov qauv qub qub thiab ua rau lub sijhawm Victorian. Cov kev faib ua feem hauv Neo-Gothic architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th kuj tau ua rau lawv cov neeg ua raws li lub tsev vaulted uas nce mus, uas rov ua tib yam qhib qhov rais thiab qhov rooj. Kev npaj ntawm cov yees, portals thiab vaults yog raug rau lub suab qhuav qhuav ntawm tus lej 1, 68…

Neo-Gothic, thaum saib cov kab lig kev cai ntawm Gothic architecture, tau dhau los ua qhov tsaus ntuj. Nyob rau hauv nws, soj ntsuam divine proportions, sib txawv style thiab cov lus qhia ntawm architecture yog ua ke, thaum tuav ib tug ntau thematic tsom xam. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qhov rais puag ncig nrog upward lancet vaults thiab yees kuj raug rau qhov sib piv kub, uas ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov qauv tag nrho.

Golden ratio thiab kev ntseeg

Feem ntau cov tuam tsev, cov tsev teev ntuj, thiab lwm yam kev cai dab qhuas vaj tse yog raws li qhov sib piv golden. Cov kev faib ua Vajtswv dej num hauv architecture ntawm cov tsev no kuj tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm theosophical. Tus mlom Luca Pacioli hauv 1509 pom kev sib haum xeeb hauv geometry, uas nws tau piav qhia hauv qab no: yog tias tag nrho ntu tau txais los ua Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv, ces qhov me me yog Leej Txiv, thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yog Leej Tub. Yog li, ib zaug ntxiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntuj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm tus txiv neej tau hais meej.

Peb lub sijhawm yog pentagram

Pentagram yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv rau kev nrhiav cov ntu kub ntawm qhov sib faib los saum ntuj los. Txoj kev tsim kho twb paub nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th ua tsaug rau Albrecht Dürer. Tus neeg pleev kob German muaj lub siab xav ua lej, nws cov duab tau qhia hauv cov kab ntshiab, sib sau ua ke raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm geometry.

Pentagon

Golden kev faib ua feem nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm lub Pentagon yog manifested nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug pentagram, uas yog tsim los ntawm ib tug niaj hnub pentagon. Txhua lub hnub qub ntawm tsib-taw tes zoo haum rau hauv cov qauvgolden piv. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev, txhua yam yog tseem nyob rau hauv cov proportions. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub tsev ua tau nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, qhov twg kev siv los saum ntuj los faib yog pom meej meej.

Visual Harmony

Nws yog qhov nthuav kom pom tau cov ntawv thiab feem ntau ntawm architecture, piv txwv ntawm cov lus hauv qab no. Cov qauv monumental tsis tsoo nrog lawv cov huab hwm coj, lawv pom tau yooj yim, ua tsaug rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws nam piv ntawm lub tsev.

Lub Pyramid ntawm Giza yog ib qho kev tsim loj tshaj plaws ntawm tus txiv neej, nrog nws tus kheej secrets thiab paub tsis meej. Lub pyramid tau tsim los siv kev paub txog kev xav ntawm ntu golden. Tam sim no ntau thiab ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tab tom pib, tab sis yog cov pyramids ntawm Egypt tau ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm divine proportions.

Lub Cathedral ntawm Nativity ntawm Virgin Mary yog dawb marble cathedral nyob rau hauv Milan, reproducing lub Gothic style ntawm architecture. Tsuas yog lub sijhawm thaum qhov style no maj mam pib tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm Neo-Gothic tom qab.

Lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Cawm Seej ntawm Cov Ntshav Txhaum yog ib lub tsev uas muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev txawj ntse uas ua rau muaj kev xav zoo. Lub tsev belongs rau lub neo-Russian style. Tus piv golden yog zoo meej ntawm no.

Cov qauv zoo li no, zoo li txawv hauv architecture, tsuas yog muaj lawv cov geometry thiab kab, tseem muaj ib yam zoo sib xws. Divine proportions ua rau nws ua tau kom coj tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab rau hauv qeb ntawm ntiaj teb masterpieces ntawm architecture.

Siv tus piv kub

Txoj cai ntu golden yog siv txhua qhov chaw. Thaum ib tug neeg tsis tu ncuatxav rooj tog hauv tsev, sim nrhiav qhov chaw uas yuav txaus siab rau lub qhov muag, nws ua qhov no subconsciously. Txoj kev sib haum xeeb tau muab tso los ntawm qhov xwm txheej yog sim nrhiav nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig qhov chaw. Ib tug neeg yuav txav mus thiab rov kho cov rooj tog kom txog thaum nws los txog qhov sib piv zoo li no, mus rau tus lej Fibonacci, mus rau golden proportions.

Qhov piv zoo tshaj yog siv hauv architecture, khoom siv hauv tsev, khaub ncaws, tais diav. Piv txwv li, kev pabcuam noj hmo rau 6 lossis 12 tus neeg kuj tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qhov piv txwv kub. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vintage xuas tes ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, qhia meej meej qhov sib npaug.

Nyob rau hauv architectural monuments, cov kev cai ntawm golden proportions pom meej meej ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub facades ntawm lub tsev thiab nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig toj roob hauv pes. Lub vaj thiab cov chaw ua si ntawm Versailles, Peterhof, Royal Palace hauv Morocco lossis Nyij Pooj - txhua tus ua tau raws li txoj cai ntawm ntu golden. Cov kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo kawg nkaus, kev xav ntawm txoj hauv kev thiab cov khoom siv vaj tsev yog tsim los ua kom muaj kev zoo nkauj thiab zoo siab rau lub qhov muag nrog kev sib haum xeeb.

Golden proportion in architecture and magic

Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, keeb kwm, mystics thiab cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev puas siab puas ntsws tab tom sim daws qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ntu kub. Pyramids thiab cov tuam tsev, uas yog tsim raws li los saum ntuj los tej ntsiab cai, muaj peev xwm kho tau ib tug neeg, restore nws lub zog, thiab muab lub zog. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev uas lub sab hauv yog tsim raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub golden seem, ib tug neeg xav tias nyob ntsiag to, muaj peev xwm so kom txaus, thiab tsis.ntsib kev nyuaj siab. Txoj kev kawm ntawm cov lus tseeb no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntu kub rau cov khawv koob, uas yog, rau thaj chaw uas qee cov cai tswj hwm ncaj qha ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm sab ntsuj plig.

Ntau tus tau pom tias thaum lub tsev fuabtais tsaus nti sawv ntawm koj ob lub qhov muag, ntsia nrog cov kab ntse ntse, muaj kev xav ntawm ib yam dab tsi mystical, ib yam dab tsi uas tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej yam tsis muaj kev paub. Qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub yog tias tsuas yog cov tsev uas muaj ib qho ntawm ob qhov zoo ntawm Vajtswv qhov kev faib ua feem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xav zoo li no. Thawj qhov zoo yog qhov proportions ntawm perfection, qhov thib ob yog lub tsev uas ua rau koj subconsciously nrhiav qhov zoo tagnrho ratios.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntseeg thaum ub thiab kev txiav txim feem ntau siv qhov tshwj xeeb no rau lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj, xaiv lub palaces thiab cov tuam tsev rau lawv qhov chaw nyob, muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev xav zoo thiab tsis zoo. Yog li, lawv muaj peev xwm subjugate cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev paub zais cia ntawm cov cai ntawm geometry, psychology thiab kev sib haum xeeb. Txawm tias tam sim no, thaum feem ntau ntawm cov lus zais ntawm yav dhau los tau dhau los lawm, ntau tus neeg tsis nkag siab vim li cas rau qhov kev xav uas tshwm sim thaum lawv nyob ze cov tuam tsev teev ntuj lossis cov tsev qub.

Zoo kawg

Raws li txhua yam uas tau hais, ib tus tuaj yeem nkag siab yuav ua li cas los tsim kev sib haum xeeb nyob ib puag ncig tus kheej, yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas tsis tuaj yeem pom hauv qhov muag pom. Yog hais tias peb coj cov proportions ntawm ib tug neeg los ua ib lub hauv paus, ces peb muaj peev xwm tsim ib lub tsev zoo tagnrho rau nws, qhov twg txhua yam - lub cheeb tsam, sab hauv, rooj tog, qhov rooj thiab qhov rais - yog raug rau cov zauv qhuav thiab golden ratio. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub tsev, ib tug neeg yuav tsum yooj yimzoo siab. Yog tias koj ua raws li kev cai ntawm kev sib faib los saum ntuj los, koj tuaj yeem xaiv txhua yam hauv lub neej no rau koj tus kheej, tsim koj tus kheej, tus kheej qhov chaw thiab nyob sib haum xeeb nrog koj tus kheej thiab nrog xwm txheej txhua lub sijhawm.