2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Enjambement yog ib lo lus sau uas txhais tau tias "mus hla" hauv Fab Kis. Lub tswv yim no hais txog kev txheeb xyuas thiab yog:
a) qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib dhos thiab cov lus sib dhos ntawm qhov kawg ntawm nqe lus, stanza lossis ib nrab kab;
b) kev siv caesura hauv cov kab lus sib txuas ntawm cov lus uas nyob ze rau lub ntsiab lus.
Linguistic keeb kwm ntawm lub sij hawm
Hauv cov paj huam ib txwm muaj, muaj peb hom kev sib txuas:
1. "Reset" - ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas, thaum kawg ntawm ib kab lus, qhov pib ntawm ib tug tom ntej no kuj raug ntes.
2. "Tsho" yog ntau yam uas, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov pib ntawm kab lus yuav siv qhov kawg ntawm qhov dhau los.
3. "Ob tug pov" - hom enjambment no qhia tias ib kab lus pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib nqe lus thiab xaus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib tug tom ntej.
Nws tsim nyog xav txog cov txheej txheem no ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. S. Pushkin:
Nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv
Nws sawv, muaj kev xav zoo, Thiab [rov pib dua] ntsia mus rau qhov deb. Dav ua ntej nws
Riv yis [ob muab pov]; lub nkoj pluag[cov ntsiab lus
Nkauj kho siab rau nws.
Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, lub enjambement ua ib tug figurative thiab qhia tau hais tias muaj nuj nqi, tau txais ncaj qha iconicity nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.
Keeb Kwm
Lavxias teb sab philology yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, nyob rau hauv uas lub ntsiab ntawm lub enjambement yog dav ua hauj lwm tawm. Kev txhim kho ntawm lub tswv yim no hauv lawv cov haujlwm tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm G. A. Shengeli, UA Zholkovsky, I. E. Loshilov, Yu. N. Tynyanov thiab lwm tus.
Raws li tus piv txwv txhais tau tias, hyphenation hauv kev ua paj huam yog qhov tseem ceeb.
M. I. Shapir tau tsim cov txheej txheem uas kos ib qho kev sib txuas ncaj qha ntawm daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus - ib qho enjambement thiab cov ntawv sau paj huam. Tus sau tau siv cov txheej txheem no hauv nws qhov kev tshawb fawb los ua ib qho tseem ceeb.
V. M. Zhirmunsky yog ib tug ntawm thawj cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub enjambement. Nws pib los ntawm qhov tseeb tias, ua raws li cov lus qhia ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia, qhov pom qhov taw qhia mus rau qhov kev sib txuas ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txoj kab yog qhov pom ntawm kab lus nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm kab.
M. L. Gasparov, nyob rau hauv lem, hloov lub tswv yim no nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov kev xav ntawm B. I. Yarkho, raws li qhov uas lub zog hierarchical ntawm syntactic txuas nws txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog sib txuas hauv cov kab lus mus rau qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws - lub npe thiab nws lub ntsiab lus.
Tus kws tshawb fawb no tau npaj siab los txiav txim siab txog kev sib tw hauv cov paj huam, tso siab rau lub zog ntawm kev sib cais ntawm syntax. Rau qhov kev xav no, nws yuav tsum tau hloov kho qhov kev faib tawm ntawm kev sib txuas lus los ntawm B. I. Yog.
Ua tsaug rau M. I. Shapirunees nkaum-peb gradations nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas grammatical tau tsim. Ua raws li lawv, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias qhov kev sib sib zog nqus tob dua, qhov ntau ntawm cov lus sib cav uas tso cai rau peb hais txog kev sib cais (yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb).
Literary eras
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm kev siv enjambement. Namely:
1. Antiquity. Enjambement tau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv txij thaum ancient sij hawm. Pindar's lyrics feem ntau yog raws li strophic enjambment. Pindar yog ib tug kws sau paj lug Greek thaum ub uas nws tej hauj lwm yog ib feem ntawm cov nkauj hu nkauj. Lawv feem ntau yog nkauj hu nkauj, qhuas thiab nkauj qhuas vajtswv.
2. Lub sijhawm tshiab - lub sijhawm tom qab Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab. Rau cov paj huam ntawm lub sij hawm no, strophic cais yog ntau yam ntxwv.
3. Classicism. Cov paj huam ntawm lub sij hawm no nyiam kom tsis txhob enjambements.
4. Romanticism thiab qee lub tsev kawm ntawv poetic ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau cog lus rau lawv.
Kev hloov pauv
Anjambement yog ib hom caesura nyob rau hauv ib pawg ntawm cov lus hais txog lub ntsiab lus.
Keeb kwm, nws siv tau los ntawm kev lom zem semantics lossis kev txhais lus thaum ub (lub ntsiab lus nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus tshwm sim).
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov paj huam niaj hnub no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev ua yeeb yam hauv zos uas tau daws los ntawm kev hloov pauv sab hauv tau nce zuj zus.
Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, kev kaw lus hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog hloov pauv ntawm ib feem ntawm cov kab lus los ntawm yav dhau los poetickab mus rau lwm qhov. Yog vim li cas rau nws cov tsos yog ib tug tsis sib haum ntawm atherosclerosis, unevenness nyob rau hauv txoj kab, ib txwm xaus nrog ob hom kev ncua: semantic thiab zaum kawg nqe.
Yog tias cov nqe lus tau tsim muaj qhov sib npaug sib npaug, qhov kev sib txuas yog qhov tsis ua tiav intonation uas tso cai rau koj los qhia thiab hais txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb intonationally. Yog li, tus sau tuaj yeem nthuav qhia ntau yam kev xav: kev zoo siab, kev xav.
ua tau zoo heev, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem hais txog kev hais lus prosaic lossis kev sib tham.
Nyob ntawm kev sib tw
Muaj ntau hom kev hloov pauv, piv txwv li:
- Single hyphens - lawv muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab lus uas siv intonation, txawm tias lawv raug cais los ntawm lwm ntu ntawm nqe lus.
- Ntau yam enjambements muab ib tug prosaic yam, uas yuav luag tag theem (smooths tawm) lub atherosclerosis nyob rau hauv paj huam. Nov yog ib qho khoom siv kos duab tseem ceeb hauv paj huam.
- Verse - txav cov kab lus mus rau lwm nqe.
- Strophic enjambment - hloov cov kab lus mus rau ntu ntu ntu.
- Syllabic - txav ntu no mus rau lwm kab lus me.
Tseem muaj syntactic-linear, syntactic-strophic, verbal-linear, verbal-strophic thiab ntau lwm yam hyphens.
Daim ntawv sau paj huam
Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug enjambement yog ua hauj lwm ntawm A. S. Pushkin, V. V. Mayakovsky, M. Kuzmin, G. Obolduev, B. Okudzhava, V. Shershenevich.
Siv kev hloov pauv raws li cov duab poetic feem ntautsim nyog los ntawm cov ntsiab lus semantic uas nws nqa.
Ntau tus kws sau ntawv nto moo tau siv tus lej qis. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm nws daim ntawv thov yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Anatoly Kobenkov. Hauv nws cov paj huam, sau nrog cov lus thiab lub tswv yim, kev ua tsis zoo thiab kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub neej yog exacerbated los ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Piv txwv li, hauv nqe lus no:
Nyob ib leeg yug los ua ib tug txiv
Tsis txhob poob hauv dej, tsis kub hnyiab, Tam sim no nws pom tias nws tsis xav tau tag nrho
Tsis yog kuv tus kheej, lossis kuv tus ntxhais, lossis lub ntiaj teb;
Cia li kawm quaj, Tam sim no, tsis nco qab vim li cas koj tuaj
Rau lub ntiaj teb no, dhau los ua hmoov av -
Thiab nws zoo, thiab lub ntiaj teb zoo.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam niaj hnub Andrei Kachalyan, kev siv cov lus hloov pauv strophic yog ntau heev. Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam "Nrog Lwm Lub Ntiaj Teb Lips" tus sau txav lub npe "Kuv" mus rau lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Kev siv ib feem ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thawj tus neeg pab ua si nrog cov ntsiab lus thiab qhia lub ntsiab lus sib sib zog nqus thiab duality ntawm tus cwj pwm, lub ntiaj teb no ntawm nws cov kev paub thiab worldview.
Marina Tsvetaeva
Muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm enjambement nyob rau hauv cov paj huam ntawm poetess. Tsvetaeva tau hloov pauv ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Nws yog lawv uas ua rau nws cov style pom tau los ntawm thawj kab:
hnub dag peb, puag kub
Xibtes, ua pa inaudibly rau hauv qab.
Thaum nyeem cov paj huam no, leej twg yuav xav tias yuav tsum tau muaj lub suab nrov nrov tom qab lo lus "xiav". Nws instantly muab qhov kev xavsov sov, caij ntuj sov sov, tsis tas yuav maj mus qhov twg.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Marina Tsvetaeva, kev hloov pauv qee zaum suav nrog tag nrho pawg pawg.
Nkauj paj huam
Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias qhov muaj kev hloov pauv tsis zoo rau kev muaj tswv yim dab neeg. Es tsis txhob, nws yog characterized los ntawm ib tug ua tiav coincidence ntawm lub intonation-phrase series nrog rau nqe.
YJoseph Brodsky
Kev txhim kho nquag ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th txuas nrog nws txoj haujlwm. Qhov no kws sau paj lug, nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, yog tus txais los ntawm cov kab lig kev cai ntawm M. Tsvetaeva. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau tswj hwm lawv txoj kev loj hlob.
M. I. Shapir tau hais tias nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, I. Brodsky tau sim cov ncauj lus no nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev:
a) lengthened lo lus poetic;
b) ua rau ntau thiab nrawm nrawm ntawm kab thiab stanzas;
c) cais lub npe thiab preposition;
d) tau ua tiav kev faib cov lus qhia ntawm ib nqe lus, nqe lus.
Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom hauv nws tej hauj lwm "Cov plaub hau qab lub tuam tsev", "Nyob rau ntawm T. S. Eliot tuag"
Modern lyrics
txheej txheem no tsis nco qab txawm tias tam sim no. Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv enjambements nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, peb muaj peev xwm hais txog cov hauj lwm ntawm xws li paj huam xws li A. Kushner, S. Len, E. Lesin, K. Kedrov, Y. Martyntseva, D. Davydov, A. Kachalyan, A. Nechaev and others.
Syllabic-strophic thiab syllabic enjambements yog hom kev hloov pauv ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov paj huam niaj hnub no.
Pom zoo:
Ntawm Ukrainian kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam. Daim ntawv teev cov neeg sau ntawv Ukrainian niaj hnub
Ukrainian cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntev heev kom mus txog qib uas muaj nyob rau tam sim no. Cov kws sau ntawv Ukrainian tau pab txhawb thoob plaws lub sijhawm los ntawm xyoo pua 18th hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Prokopovich thiab Hrushevsky rau cov neeg sau ntawv niaj hnub xws li Shkliar thiab Andrukhovych
Ib qho piv txwv sau ntawv. Yuav sau ntawv li cas? Dab tsi yog kev sau ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv
Kev sau ntawv yog ib txoj haujlwm me me piav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag, xwm txheej, tus neeg tshwj xeeb. Lub sij hawm thav duab tsis hwm ntawm no, koj tuaj yeem sau txog qhov tshwm sim ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los thiab dab tsi nyuam qhuav tshwm sim
Arab kws sau paj huam txij hnub nyoog nruab nrab mus rau tam sim no. Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, kev zoo nkauj thiab kev txawj ntse, hu nkauj nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm cov kws sau paj huam
Arabic paj huam muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj. Paj huam tsis yog ib daim duab kos duab rau cov neeg Arab thaum ub, tab sis kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev los qhia cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Niaj hnub no, tsuas yog qee tus kws sau paj huam Arab, cov kws sau ntawv ntawm rubai quatrains, tej zaum yuav paub rau ntau tus, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv Arabic thiab paj huam muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg
Daim ntawv teev cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws (cov phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws detective phau ntawv: ib daim ntawv teev. Detectives: ib daim ntawv teev cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov kab lus sau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws sau ntawv ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai, uas nws cov haujlwm yuav tsis tso tseg tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kiv cua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam
Hoffmann: ua haujlwm, ua tiav daim ntawv teev npe, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv luv luv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav hauv lub neej
Hoffmann cov haujlwm yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev nyiam romantic hauv German style. Nws feem ntau yog ib tug kws sau ntawv, tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog ib tug tshuab raj thiab artist. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov neeg niaj hnub tsis nkag siab txog nws tej hauj lwm, tab sis lwm tus neeg sau ntawv tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Hoffmann, piv txwv li, Dostoevsky, Balzac thiab lwm tus