History ntawm ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv: nta, piav qhia thiab tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Nkauj lus yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kab lis kev cai. Tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem tsis lees paub qhov tseem ceeb uas hom kev kos duab no muaj. "Lub Keeb Kwm ntawm Ntiaj Teb Cov Ntawv Sau" nyob rau hauv 9 ntim yog ib phau ntawv uas tau npaj los ntawm Gorky Institute of World Literature. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub ntawv thoob plaws hauv lub neej ntawm kev sau ntawv yog txheeb xyuas: txij li lub sijhawm qub mus txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum.

Initiator

Xyoo 1983, Irina Grigoryevna Neupokoeva tau tawm tswv yim tsim thawj phau ntawv loj loj Lavxias teb sab ntau phau ntawv uas yuav npog keeb kwm ntawm tsis yog Lavxias nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntiaj teb txij li thaum ub los txog rau tam sim no. Plaub caug-plaub xyoo dhau los, Neupokoeva nws tus kheej tau kawm tiav nrog kev qhuas los ntawm Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Philosophy, Ntawv nyeem thiab keeb kwm muaj npe tom qab Chernyshevsky.

Irina Grigorievna yog tus kws kho mob ntawm Philology, tus neeg txhawb siab nyiam ntawm tog thiabsocialism. Piv txwv li, thaum nws txiv, Tib Neeg Tus Thawj Coj Grigory Grinko, poob raug tsim txom los ntawm Stalinist kev tawm tsam, cov tub ntxhais kawm Irina tsis ua tsis tiav los koom nrog lub koom haum rally. Nws cov tub ntxhais kawm tom qab tau thov tias nws tau pov npav rau kev tua nws txiv uas ntxeev siab. Cov kev xav zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv yav tom ntej. Cov tswv yim thiab kev xav ntawm Soviet feem ntau tau muab tso rau hauv Keeb Kwm ntawm Ntiaj Teb Cov Ntawv Sau.

Kev sib sau ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas

Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais txog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm txoj haujlwm no (los ntawm thawj zaug mus rau xya lub ntim) Georgy Petrovich Berdnikov. Ib tug connoisseur ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo, Deputy Minister ntawm Culture, qub tub rog ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog thiab tus kws kho mob ntawm Philology, Berdnikov yog ib tug indispensable tswv cuab ntawm lub editorial board. Yog tsis muaj nws, xws li kev tshawb fawb loj xws li "History of World Literature" yuav tsis pom qhov kaj ntawm hnub.

Tab sis tsis txhob kwv yees qhov kev koom tes ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas yog Alexei Sergeevich Bushmin, kws tshaj lij thiab kws tshawb fawb ntawm S altykov-Shchedrin, Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev, tus kws tshaj lij kos duab thiab tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm Soviet Cultural Fund, Dmitry Fedorovich Markov, kws tshaj lij ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Slavic thaum ub, uas ua si. ib tug txiav txim lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm "Keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb no Literature" (v. 2). Thiab kuj Georgy Iosifovich Lomidze, kws txawj sau ntawv ntawm lub Soviet lub sij hawm, Georgy Mikhailovich Fridlender, ib tug kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, Evgeny Petrovich Chelyshev, ib tug kws tshawb fawb ntawm oriental ntaub ntawv thiab ib tug kws kho mob ntawm philology. Sciences, Boris Borisovich Piotrovsky, kws tshawb fawb ntawm Oriental cov ntaub ntawv thiab tus kws kho mob ntawm keeb kwm Sciences, Mikhail Borisovich Khrapchenko, statesman thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub Committee of Arts, Pyotr Alekseevich Nikolaev, literary theorist thiab soj ntsuam ntawm realism, Andrei Dmitrievich Mikhailov, lub taub hau ntawm lub department. Gorky lub koom haum ntawm Ntiaj Teb Literature thiab Kws Kho Mob ntawm Philology Sciences, Vladimir Rodionovich Shcherbin, sau ntawv theorist thiab thuam, Sergei Vasilyevich Nikolsky, kws tshawb fawb ntawm Slavic kab lis kev cai. Tom qab ntawd, Leonid Grigorievich Andreev, tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Sau Ntawv Txawv Tebchaws thiab Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Philology, tau koom nrog pab pawg (los hloov tus thawj tswj hwm Berdnikov)

Kev txheeb xyuas cov qauv hauv kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv

Raws li tau hais nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Keeb kwm ntawm Ntiaj Teb Literature" (nqe 1), tsis muaj leej twg tau sim ua kom tag nrho lub ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv txij thaum ub (thaum sau ntawv nyuam qhuav yug los) txog thaum lub tsib caug ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi txawm tias kwv yees sib npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas rau cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet tsis yog xav piav qhia txog ntau tus kws sau ntawv, hom, hom. Lawv nrhiav kev txheeb xyuas cov qauv hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov ntawd yog, siv txoj kev xav ntawm Marx thiab Engels rau kev coj noj coj ua.

Nyob rau thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, txoj kev tshiab, yooj yim dua ntawm kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv pib tshwm. Philologists tsis raug txwv los ntawm qhov chaw thiab keeb kwm. Tsis ntev los no tau muaj lub siab xav nthuav dav txhua qhov kev paub tshiab thiab qub rau hauv ib qho system. Nov yog qhov lawv simua tiav cov neeg tsim ntawm "History of World Literature", tau coj los ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm kev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev vam meej.

Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb

Cov phau ntawv qhia txog qhov tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg sau tsis paub, yam tsis tshua muaj, thiab sab hnub poob-centrist lossis sab hnub tuaj-centrist. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv piv txwv ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Ntiaj Teb Cov Ntawv Sau. Vol. 2 haum rau lub tswvyim no zoo heev. Tus cwj pwm no tau pom zoo txawv ntawm Lavxias lub voj voog ntawm cov phau ntawv los ntawm European cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm hom zoo sib xws.

Tseeb rau me-paub sau ntawv

Cov khoom ntawm txoj kev kawm tsis yog cov kws sau ntawv uas muaj npe nrov hauv ntiaj teb, tab sis kuj yog ib tus kws sau ntawv uas tau pab txhawb kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv.

Reviews

Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Phau ntawv "Lub Keeb Kwm ntawm Ntiaj Teb Cov Ntawv Sau" (Cov Ntawv 2 suav nrog) yog ib qho kev vam meej. Cov neeg nyob deb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab philology tsis tau nyeem cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws thiab xav txog, tab sis cov kws tshaj lij tau sau tseg qhov kev tshawb fawb qib siab ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. Cov kws tshaj lij kws tshaj lij pom tau ntau qhov kev saib xyuas uas tsis cuam tshuam rau lawv qhov kev xav tag nrho.

Hnub no, kev txaus siab tau poob qis, tab sis cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov kws qhia txuj ci tseem ceeb tseem tig mus rau kev tshaj tawm rau kev kawm.

thawj ntim ntawm "History"

Thawj phau ntawv suav nrog lub sijhawm hauv ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, pib peb txhiab xyoo ua ntej peb lub sijhawm, thiab xaus rau peb xyoo pua AD. Feem ntau ntawm cov phau ntawv yog faib rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient lub teb chaws,tab sis cov kws sau ntawv tsis hla cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Asia thiab Africa thaum ub.

thib ob ntim ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Phau ntawv thib ob pib qhov twg thawj zaug xaus thiab xaus rau ntawm Renaissance. Cov kws sau ntawv piav qhia meej txog cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thiab qhia txog cov txheej txheem tsim cov ntawv nyeem hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas lub xeev.

Thib peb kawm ntim

Phau ntawv thib peb tsom xam cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Renaissance. Tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv "History of World Literature" (vol. 3) yog muab rau tib neeg lub tswv yim ntawm Eastern thinkers.

Lub ntim plaub ntawm "History"

Nyob rau hauv lub ntim thib plaub, qhov tseem ceeb yog ntawm kev sib cav ntawm feudal cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov peev txheej tshiab hauv lub xyoo pua puas xyoo. Txhua yam tau kos npe rau hauv qhov nthuav dav.

tsib ntim ua haujlwm

Tag nrho phau ntawv thib tsib tau mob siab rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim. Kab lis kev cai tom qab ntawd txhim kho sai sai ntawm nthwv dej ntawm kev sib raug zoo.

Sixth study volume

Phau ntawv thib rau suav nrog lub sijhawm los ntawm Fabkis Revolution mus rau lub teb chaws liberation txav ntawm nruab nrab-xyoo pua xyoo. Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tib yam li cov ntawv nyeem uas ci ntsa iab thiab ntxim nyiam heev tshwm sim.

7th ntim ntawm "History of Literature"

Lub ntim thib xya piav txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo. Kev kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm no txhim kho sai thiab tsis sib xws.

8th ntim koob

Lub ntim kawg npog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua cuaj thiab thaum ntxov xyoo pua nees nkaum. Tshwj xeeb mloogyog muab rau cov kos duab ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ua ntej ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug thiab lub kiv puag ncig.

Cuaj ntim: puas yog?

Txawm hais tias los txog niaj hnub no cov nplooj ntawv npe ntawm txhua phau ntawv hais tias "hauv cuaj ntim", cov neeg tsim yuav tsum ua kom tiav lawv cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm yim. Nws yog thawj zaug tau npaj los xaus qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov ntawv tseeb ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Lost Generation era, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub preface rau lub yim ntim, lub Main Editorial Board tag nrho piav qhia txog nws yog dab tsi. Raws li koj paub, thaum lub sij hawm cuaj caug xyoo nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub qub Soviet Union muaj ib tug loj rov xav txog qhov tseem ceeb. Dab tsi tau yav tas los zoo li qhov tseem ceeb yog tam sim no tsis ntseeg. Xws li cov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm pej xeem lub neej ntawm cov neeg Soviet. Cov ntawv nyeem tsis dhau qhov kev hloov pauv no. Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib Xyuas tseem ceeb tau hais nyob rau hauv cov ntawv dawb nyob rau hauv "Lub Keeb Kwm ntawm Ntiaj Teb Literature" (vol. 9 tsis tau luam tawm) tias "ideological dogmas" cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Tab sis thaum tag nrho lub teb chaws nyob ntawm txoj kev sib tshuam, lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab cov tshiab lossis tsis lees paub cov kev ntseeg qub txog cov ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm Soviet Union.

Zoo kawg

Lub voj voog ntawm phau ntawv no yog ib theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev txhim kho kev sau ntawv Lavxias. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau thiab cais los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tau qis dua.