Yellow cadmium rau roj pleev xim: cov khoom thiab tau txais cov xim

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Koj puas paub cov xim cadmium? Koj puas xav tias lawv muaj qee yam sib xws nrog hlau? Lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog dab tsi? Vim li cas cov dyes thiaj li nrov nrog cov neeg pleev kob yav dhau los thiab tam sim no? Peb thov kom daws txhua yam no ua ke. Cia peb paub nrog daj cadmium thiab nws cov khoom.

Natural cadmium

Cia peb pib qhov pib ntawm txoj kev ua ntej. Raws li cov hlau, cadmium zoo li zinc hauv nws cov khoom. Lawv nyob ib sab ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm zinc ore. Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, cadmium tau txais tsis ntev los no - xyoo 1817.

Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, peb tuaj yeem pom cov tshuaj sulfur ntawm cov tshuaj no hauv daim ntawv ntawm greenockite (lub npe ntawm cov ntxhia). Interestingly, nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom nws coincides nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm daj cadmium, yog li nrov nrog paintings. Greenockite yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm lub tonal palette - los ntawm tshav ntuj mus rau xim av. Tab sis, alas, nws tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv qhov uas tsis muaj lus nug txog kev siv tswv yim ntawm nws.

Artificial cadmium thiab painting

Tab sis cov sulfur tebchaw ntawm daj cadmium yog tau artificially. Thawj qhov kev paub no yogUa nyob rau hauv 1829 los ntawm tester Melandri. Xyoo no yog qhov pib siv txiv kab ntxwv thiab daj cadmium hauv daim duab.

Yog li, tag nrho cov xim ntawm cadmium xim yuav txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw uas tau txais sulfur. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam txaus siab rau cov xim no rau nws qhov saturation, kev siv zog thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov xim, lub zog (nrog rau cov xim ntawm txiv qaub).

Cov xim no haum rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev kos duab. Tab sis masters, raws li txoj cai, nyiam cov xim daj cadmium hauv kev pleev xim. Rau nws, los ntawm txoj kev, cov xim yog tsim los ntawm inventor nws tus kheej. Cov khoom no tsis muaj tshuaj lom, muaj peev xwm los npog lub hauv paus rau daim duab zoo.

Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom siv xim

Thiab tam sim no mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm daj cadmium (nruab nrab, tsaus thiab lub teeb), uas yog, rau nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov kev sim nrog cadmium sulfide tebchaw, cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav tias ib qho molecule ntawm cov xim no muaj tsib feem ntawm leej faj, suav rau ib feem ntawm cadmium xwb. Tab sis kev sim ntxiv tau muab qhov sib txawv kiag li, tab sis qhov xav paub qhov xaus: tsuas yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm sulfur thiab cadmium nkaus xwb. Thiab nws muaj pes tsawg leeg suav nrog ob lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv yuav luag sib npaug.

Nqe lus thib ob yuam kev: cov suab sib txawv ntawm cadmium sulfide tau ua tiav vim muaj ntau yam qauv ntawm cov xim molecules. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tsis pom qhov no. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cadmium daj (lub teeb, tsaus, nruab nrab, txiv kab ntxwv) tsis yog raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tshuaj, tab sis nyob rauCov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev tsis sib npaug ntawm cov molecules.

Cov kws ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem pom qhov no nrog cov piv txwv zoo. Qhov kev siv ntawm cov dye ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb qhov luaj li cas ntawm cadmium sulfide. Qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom siv kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo. Lub absorbing thiab refractive zog ntawm cov xim nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub rays ntawm lub hnub nyob ntawm seb qhov no.

paint production

Cadmium daj tau li cas - tsaus, lub teeb thiab nruab nrab? Txog rau hnub tim, kev tsim khoom tau ua raws li ob txoj hauv kev:

• Txoj kev qhuav. Qhov no yog calcination ntawm cadmium tebchaw nyob rau hauv crucibles nrog sulfur. Txoj kev yog qhov tsis yooj yim uas nws tso cai rau koj kom tau txais ib qho ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov xim - nruab nrab.
• Wet way. Qhov no yog nag lossis daus ntawm cadmium ntsev nrog hydrogen sulfide. Thaum xub thawj, cov nyhuv no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov xim ci ci. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog qhov pib ntawm cov txheej txheem. Nrog rau kev nthuav dav ntxiv rau hydrogen sulfide, qhov ntxoov ntxoo pib tsaus mus txog thaum kawg tsim - saturated, yuav luag txiv kab ntxwv.

Peb nco ntsoov cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim uas yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev ntub dej: txhua qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov xim daj cadmium tau txais cov xim tib yam li cov xim uas tau txais los ntawm txoj kev qhuav. Yuav ua li cas kom tau ib tug txiv kab ntxwv zoo nkauj? Kom tau txais nws, cadmium raug cuam tshuam, nias, ncua kev sib txhuam.

Cia peb qhia yam xws li "cov xim glazing". Qhov no yog hais txog ib yam khoom uas tau los ntawm nag lossis daus ntawm cadmium ntsev nrog sodium sulfide. Xws li ib tug zas xim yuav raug deprived ntawm nkaum hwj chim. liamnyob ib ncig ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov sulfur dawb hauv cov khoom. Nws lub xub ntiag muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov zoo ntawm cov xim sib xyaw.

Yuav kom tau txais cov khoom zoo rau kev muaj tswv yim, cadmium sulfide nrog cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no yuav tsum tau siv hauv kev tsim khoom:

• cadmium - 77.8%;
• sulfur - 22, 19%.

Txoj kev ntxoov ntxoo

Peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm cov saum toj no tias cov txheej txheem ntshiab cadmium sulfide tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau lub ci ci ci, yog li txaus siab los ntawm cov neeg pleev kob. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm xav tias cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm xws li daj cadmium yog chemically hloov.

Txiv qaub daj ntxoov muaj cadmium carbonate thiab cadmium oxalate, ntxiv rau sulfurous. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau xav tias cov khoom siv ntxiv ua rau cov xim muaj zog dua. Tab sis nws tsis yog. Lawv tsuas yog ua kom yooj yim kom tau txais cov xim txiv kab ntxwv txawv txawv thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom.

Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev soj ntsuam niaj hnub pom tau tias lub teeb daj cadmium muaj lub zog zais nruab nrab ntawm cov roj. Yuav tsum tau nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 30-40%. Dries qeeb dua li cov nruab nrab nruab nrab thiab tsaus ntuj.

Ntxhais daj thiab txiv kab ntxwv ntxoov

Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias tag nrho cov txiv kab ntxwv thiab daj xim ntawm cov xim yuav sib npaug tshaj cov txiv qaub hauv lub zog. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog cov cuab yeej tsim khoom, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom, purity ntawm cov khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub zog, nruab nrab thiab tsaus daj cadmium kuj yuavsib txawv heev.

Raws li rau lawv ua ke nrog lwm cov ntxoov ntxoo, cov mixs zoo heev, pheej yig. Qhov kev zam tsuas yog cov xim hauv qab no:

• tooj liab ntsuab;
• ivory;
• ochre;
• dub grape;
• ultramarine;
• cob alt ntshav.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias lub zog ntawm daim ntawv cog lus kuj nyob ntawm qib ntawm cadmium daj nws tus kheej.

Yog li peb tau paub cov xim, uas tau ntau pua xyoo tseem nyiam nyob hauv cov neeg pleev kob palette. Yellow cadmium yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv peb ntau yam - ci txiv qaub, nruab nrab, txiv kab ntxwv. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws cov tshuaj thiab lub cev muaj zog.