Cov kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws: classic thiab niaj hnub, npe, npe thiab paj huam

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

3Times hloov, tab sis tib neeg cov nqi tseem nyob ib yam. Zoo li ntau pua xyoo dhau los, tib neeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog cov lus nug ntawm nws lub hom phiaj hauv ntiaj teb, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej. Cov ntsiab lus nyob mus ib txhis - kev hlub, kev kho siab, kev zoo siab, kev phooj ywg, kev xav, kev txhawj xeeb txog txoj hmoo ntawm Niam. Thiab niaj hnub no, thaum peb nyeem cov paj huam sau ntau pua xyoo dhau los, lawv nyob hauv peb lub siab. Peb nkag siab qhov kev xav ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntev ntev nrog qhov sib txawv thiab feem ntau tragic txoj hmoo. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los txiav txim seb cov kws sau paj huam twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tab sis muaj ntau lub npe paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lawv cov paj huam tau kov lub siab thiab lub siab ntawm tib neeg tau ntau xyoo, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv txoj haujlwm tsis muaj cai txwv thiab cuam tshuam txhua lub sijhawm.

Nkauj sau paj huam zoo tshaj

Leej twg tsim nyog ua koob tsheej? Ntawm cov kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws:

1. Omar Khayyam.
2. Francesco Petrarca.
3. Dante Alighieri.
4. William Shakespeare.
5. Alexander Pushkin.
6. YMikhail Lermontov.
7. Taras Shevchenko.
8. George Gordon Byron.
9. Charles Baudelaire.
10. Heinrich Heine.
11. Alexander Blok.
12. Anna Akhmatova.
13. Marina Tsvetaeva.
14. Sergey Yesenin.
15. YVladimir Mayakovsky.
16. EduardAsadov.

paj huab cua nyob deb

Persian kws sau paj lug Omar Khayyam (1048-1131) thiab tom qab 9 centuries paub txog cov neeg nyeem ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb. Nws quatrains - rubai - yog lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm kev txawj ntse. Tus kws sau paj huam succinctly thiab tsis muaj khoob eloquence sau rau philosophical thiab niaj hnub cov ntsiab lus. Hnub no Omar Khayyam yog ib tus kws sau paj huam tshaj plaws.

Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374) yog tus kws sau paj huam Italian, paub txog cov neeg niaj hnub nrog sonnets uas nws hu nkauj ntawm nws txoj kev hlub rau Laura - ntshiab, ardent thiab tsis nyiam. Nrog nws txoj haujlwm, Petrarch tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg sau paj huam tom ntej.

Italian kws sau paj huam Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) paub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sau ntawv Divine Comedy, lub zeem muag tom qab lub neej uas Dante tau sau nrog cov lus qhia txog nws txoj kev xav thiab kev nyiam ntawm tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv lub "Divine Comedy", nyob rau hauv lub paj huam "Lub neej tshiab", tus kws sau paj lug qhia ib tug kaj duab ntawm nws muse Beatrice, uas tsis muaj dab tsi puas tau txuas nrog nws. Dante pom nws muse tsuas yog ob zaug xwb, tab sis nws ua rau nws zoo siab heev rau ib qho ntawm cov kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Ltalis uas nws nqa nws txoj kev xav siab thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, txawm tias tus ntxhais tuag ntxov.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis txo qis: puas muaj qee yam William Shakespeare (1564-1616) tiag tiag nyob hauv ntiaj teb, lossis puas muaj ib lossis ob peb tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub npe no. Ib yam yog undeniable - lub ntse heev ntawm Shakespeare txoj hauj lwm. Shakespeare's sonnets, paj huam thiab ua yeeb yam yog nrov rau hnub no. Hamlet's monologue, tus kheej kab los ntawm Romeo thiab Juliet's monologues paub yuav luag txhua tus. Qhov no en titles Shakespearehu ua ib tus kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj txhua lub sijhawm.

YPushkin thiab Lermontov

Lub xyoo pua 19th tau muab lub ntiaj teb coob tus neeg txawj ntse. Ib tug ntawm lawv brightest yog Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837) - lub hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Dab tsi yog sau los ntawm Lavxias teb sab poets ua ntej nws yog, rau feem ntau, xav txog heev. Ntawm chav kawm, ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub zoo kawg nkaus kws sau paj lug Vasily Zhukovsky, tab sis nws cov hauj lwm yuav ploj mus ib sab ntawm cov paj huam ntawm ib tug ntse ntse. Pushkin cov paj huam zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg rau nws cov neeg kawm. Lub sij hawm tau muab txhua yam rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Pushkin's contemporaries, uas tau suav hais tias yog "qhov hnyav" cov kws sau paj huam, raug xa mus rau oblivion, thiab lub teeb thiab elegant paj huam ntawm Alexander Sergeevich tseem arouses invariable admiration ntawm cov nyeem niaj hnub no. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias nws yog Alexander Sergeevich uas yog tus kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias. Nws cov hauj lwm tsis txawj tuag, xws li "Eugene Onegin", paj huam "Kuv nco txog lub sijhawm zoo", "Lub caij ntuj no thaum sawv ntxov", "Lub caij ntuj no yav tsaus ntuj", "Rau lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub tebchaws nyob deb …" thiab ntau lwm tus niaj hnub no tseem zoo siab nyeem.

Yog tias cov paj huam ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin yog qhov kaj thiab zoo siab, ces cov paj huam ntawm Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (1814-1841) txawv kiag li. Kev poob siab, kev xav phem thiab kev qaug zog tau hnov hauv cov paj huam ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas aristocrat Lermontov. Lawv tsis muaj kev cia siab rau yav tom ntej uas ci ntsa iab, kev ntseeg ntawm tib neeg, kev hlub zoo siab, kev xav hluas thiab kev zoo siab. Txawm li cas los xij, Lermontov's paj huam yog suab paj nruag, tsis muaj angularities thiab primitivism nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshwm sim hauv cov paj huam,zoo li "Cossack lullaby", "Kuv tawm mus ib leeg ntawm txoj kev", "Angel", "Kuv yuav tsis txo hwj chim ua ntej koj." Cov suab paj nruag zoo kawg nkaus thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev ua pov thawj ua pov thawj rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Tej zaum, sib nrug ntawm Pushkin, tsis muaj cov kws sau paj huam uas tuaj yeem sib tw Lermontov rau lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws. Lub ingenious Lermontov's "Mtsyri" muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub ntiaj teb kev pom ntawm ob qho tib si niaj hnub thiab cov xeeb ntxwv.

Tus kws sau ntawv Ukrainian zoo tshaj plaws

Zoo li Pushkin hauv Lavxias teb sab paj huam, Ukrainian paj huam muaj nws tus kheej luminary - Taras Grigoryevich Shevchenko (1814-1861), uas yog suav hais tias yog tus kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Ukraine. Ib tug qub serf, nws tau sau txog lub neej nyuaj ntawm Ukrainian peasantry, txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg Ukrainians. Shevchenko kuj tau qhuas lub sijhawm qub uas muaj koob meej: txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub Cossacks, Ukraine, uas yog tseem ywj pheej ntawm Lavxias teb sab domination. Paj huam Taras Shevchenko "ntws" yog tsis muaj sharpness los yog sharpness nyob rau hauv nws. Nws yog kev sib raug zoo nrog Ukrainian lus dab neeg.

Cov kws sau paj lug txawv teb chaws ntawm xyoo pua 19

George Gordon Byron (1788-1824) - ib qho ntawm cov kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws - nyiam cov neeg nyeem nyob sab Europe nrog cov paj huam ntawm "kev qia dub qia dub". Lub lyrical hero nws tsim yog poob siab nyob rau hauv lub neej, nws yog ib leeg kho siab thiab saib tsis taus secular zej zog, rau cov uas nws yuav ua pauj rau nws rejection. Byron tus hero yav dhau los yog qhov tsis meej. Byron txoj hauj lwm cuam tshuam qhov tsim ntawm tus cwj pwm muaj tswv yim ntawm Mikhail Lermontov.

Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867) - tus kws sau paj huam Fab Kis zoo uas tsim lub suab rau Fabkispaj huam ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Nws sau paj huam "Flowers of Evil" ua rau lub sijhawm. Muaj tseeb tiag, rau qee qhov haujlwm ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ncaj ncees, tus sau tau raug nplua vim kev coj ncaj ncees. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov paj huam yog dhuav, despondency thiab apathy.

Heinrich Heine (1797-1856) yog tus kws sau paj huam German. Ib qho ntawm cov kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm nws cov neeg kawm. Xws li cov kws sau nkauj zoo li Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Edvard Grieg, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Richard Wagner thiab ntau lwm tus tau sau nkauj rau nws cov paj huam. Heine tau ua tiav hauv kev coj lub teeb thiab kev zoo nkauj rau cov lus xav thiab lus German ntxhib.

Txhob Cia Siab

Elegant thiab aristocratic Alexander Blok (1880-1921) yog ib tug kws sau paj huam uas nws cov paj huam yog shrouded nyob rau hauv paub tsis meej. Nws Tus Poj Niam Ncaj Ncees yog zoo li tus dab uas tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab kev nom kev tswv, tsis yog poj niam ntawm nqaij thiab ntshav. Cov paj huam "Tus Neeg Txawv Tebchaws" yog ib qho ntawm Blok cov paj huam zoo tshaj plaws. Ntawm nws qhov piv txwv, ib tus tuaj yeem taug qab tus kws sau paj huam lub tswv yim zoo.

Kuv qhia poj niam tham…

Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) - tej zaum yog thawj tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias. Ua ntej nws, Zinaida Gippius yog tus sawv cev tsim nyog ntawm poj niam paj huam, tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, Akhmatova txoj hauj lwm yog ib kauj ruam siab dua. Cov paj huam Anna Akhmatova yog ntau yam. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev nkag mus, lyricism, kev xav, kev ncaj ncees rau cov kev cai classical. Akhmatova yog thawj tus hnav khaub ncaws poj niam txoj kev xyiv fab thiab kev tu siab hauv kab lus paj huam. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj nyob rau hauv txiv neejkev paub ntawm sab ntsuj plig, enriched los ntawm ib tug poj niam lub suab. "Requiem", "Nws nyem nws txhais tes hauv qab daim ntaub tsaus nti …", "Lub teeb yav tsaus ntuj yog dav thiab daj …" yog qee qhov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws los ntawm Akhmatova.

Singer ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet xeev

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893-1930) yuav lossis tsis nyiam, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem lees paub qhov ntsuas ntawm nws tus cwj pwm, nws lub peev xwm. Tus neeg hu nkauj ntawm lub xeev Soviet cov tub ntxhais hluas, tus kws sau paj huam futurist, ua raws li lub sijhawm, tsim cov paj huam tshwj xeeb, cov qauv thiab cov lus uas yog thawj thiab lees paub. Niaj hnub no, Mayakovsky's lyrical tej hauj lwm mob siab rau cov poj niam uas nws hlub nrog tau paub zoo dua.

Tus kws sau paj huam zoo nkauj tshaj plaws

Sergey Yesenin (1895-1925) yog ib tug kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab ci ntsa iab, uas nws cov paj huam tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv qhov sib piv nrog cov paj huam ntawm Pushkin thiab Lermontov. Freshness, lightness, ardent txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub neej txawv Yesenin cov paj huam. Tus kws sau paj huam Russia tiag tiag! Nws piav txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab xwm nrog kev hlub thiab rhiab heev ("Lub golden grove dissuaded … ", "Koj yog kuv poob maple …", "Dawb birch" thiab ntau lwm tus). Ib tug nyiam ntawm cov poj niam, Yesenin hu lawv nyob rau hauv nws cov paj huam, immortalizing lawv cov duab. Nws yog ib tug kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws uas tau sau ntau zaj paj huam hlub uas cov neeg nyeem paub thiab hlub, ib puas xyoo tom qab lawv tau sau.

Zoo kawg Marina

Cov paj huam ntawm Marina Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) tsis tuaj yeem hu ua poj niam. Cov paj huam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam yog qhov txawv ntawm "txiv neej" style yam tsis muaj kev xav ntau dhau thiab cov lus pom zoo. Tsvetaeva style tsis yog tus yam ntxwvintimacy thiab nkag mus. Nws paj huam yog feem ntau torn, nws pulsates, sau txhua tus cim cim, txhua lo lus nrog lub ntsiab lus. Tsvetaeva yog ib tus neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo kawg nkaus, nws cov paj huam muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov paj huam ntawm Bunin, Nabokov, Sologub thiab ntau lwm tus kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua 20th, uas tau txais kev lees paub los ntawm lawv cov neeg kawm.

Tus Kws Pab Tswv Yim

Eduard Asadov (1923-2004) yog ib tug kws sau paj lug zoo uas nws cov paj huam muaj lub ntsiab lus tob. Tsis muaj ib qho ntawm nws cov paj huam muaj cov kab lus khoob lossis tsis muaj ntsiab lus lyrical digressions. Feem ntau ntawm Asadov cov lus paj huam yog cov lus qhia nthuav dav uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv lub neej ntawm txhua tus neeg. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov paj huam yog kev hlub thiab kev ntxub, zoo thiab phem, decency thiab meanness, loy alty thiab treason, friendship thiab enmity. Tus kws sau paj lug muab tswv yim zoo rau cov nyeem, ua raws li qhov koj tuaj yeem hloov pauv tsis yog koj lub neej xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig koj.

Lub Sixties

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Bella Akhmadulina (1937-2010) tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib npaug nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Akhmatova thiab Tsvetaeva. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, tus poetess tau suav hais tias yog outdated. Nws cov paj huam yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb sophistication uas txawv Akhmadulina cov hauj lwm los ntawm ntau ntawm nws cov kws sau paj huam.

Yevgeny Yevtushenko - kws sau paj lug ntawm lub rau caum (1932-2017). Nyob rau xyoo 1950-1980, ntau txhiab tus neeg tuaj sib sau ua ke rau nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam, tus kws sau paj huam muaj koob meej heev. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua ib tus neeg muaj peev xwm hauv ntiaj teb kev sau ntawv ntawm USSR, thiab tom qab ntawd - hauv Russia, nws yog tus cob qhia rau cov tub ntxhais hluas txawj sau ntawv. Niaj hnub no, Yevtushenko suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kws sau paj huam zoo tshaj plaws.