Gaultier Theophile - tus kws sau paj huam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm romanticism

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Fabkis paj huam xyoo 19th tau muab ntau tus kws sau ntawv txawj ntse rau ntiaj teb. Ib tug uas ci ntsa iab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog Gautier Theophile. Kev thuam ntawm lub tsev kawm Romantic, uas tsim ntau ntau zaj paj huam thiab paj huam, nrov tsis yog nyob rau Fabkis xwb, tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws.

Tus kheej lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj huam

Gauthier Theophile yug rau lub Yim Hli 31, 1811 hauv lub nroog Tarbes ntawm ciam teb nrog Spain. Muaj tseeb tiag, tom qab ib ntus nws tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau lub peev. Gauthier tau siv sijhawm yuav luag tag nrho nws lub neej hauv Paris, khaws qhov kev xav tau rau yav qab teb huab cua, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws tus cwj pwm thiab kev muaj tswv yim.

Nyob hauv lub peev, Gauthier tau txais kev kawm zoo heev nrog kev tsis ncaj ncees rau tib neeg. Thaum xub thawj, nws mob siab rau kev kos duab, thiab thaum ntxov tau los ua tus txhawb nqa ntawm kev nyiam romantic hauv kev kos duab. Nws suav tias Victor Hugo nws thawj tus kws qhia ntawv.

Tus kws sau ntawv hluas tau nco qab zoo los ntawm nws cov neeg kawm rau nws cov ris tsho ci. Nws lub tsho liab tsis sib xws thiab cov plaub hau ntev ntws los ua cov duab rau cov hluas nkauj romantic ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Thawj tshaj tawm

Kuv thawj muab tso ua keGauthier cov paj huam Theophile tso tawm xyoo 1830, thaum nws muaj 19 xyoo. Nws yog hu ua yooj yim - "Poems". Feem ntau ntawm nws cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog nyob rau tib lub sijhawm (txog 1836). Cov no yog cov paj huam "Albertus", cov dab neeg "Young France", "Mademoiselle de Maupin", "Fortune", "Dab ntxwg nyoog lub kua muag"

Ntxiv mus, yog tias zaj paj huam thaum ntxov "Albertus" tau sau nyob rau hauv classical romantic style, ces twb nyob rau hauv cov tshiab "Young France" lub tswv yim tus kheej ntawm tus sau yuav pom meej meej. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog simplicity thiab paj huam, uas sib npaug qhov ntau pretentiousness thiab hnyav ntawm classic romantic style.

Nkauj ntseeg vaajtswv

Raws li kev lees paub dav dav ntawm cov neeg thuam, Theophile Gauthier siv qhov chaw tsim nyog hauv pantheon ntawm Fabkis cov kws sau paj huam. Tej hauj lwm uas tsim los ntawm nws yog muab piv nrog cov pob zeb muaj nuj nqis, tus kws sau paj lug yuav ua hauj lwm ntawm ib zaj paj huam rau ntau tshaj ib hlis.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, tag nrho cov no yog hais txog kev sau "Enames thiab Cameos". Gauthier ua haujlwm rau nws hauv 50-70s ntawm XIX caug xyoo. Tus sau tau mob siab rau txhua feeb dawb rau nws yuav luag thoob plaws 20 xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej. Tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, tag nrho cov haujlwm uas suav nrog hauv phau ntawv no yog txuam nrog kev nco thiab kev paub ntawm tus kheej. Thaum Gauthier lub neej, Theophile tau tso tawm 6 phau ntawv ntawm "Enames thiab Cameos", txhua qhov tau ntxiv nrog cov haujlwm tshiab. Yog tias xyoo 1852 nws suav nrog 18 zaj paj huam, tom qab ntawd hauv qhov kawg version ntawm 1872, uas tau luam tawm ob peblub hlis ua ntej tus kws sau paj huam tuag, twb muaj 47 zaj nkauj me me.

Traveling Journalist

Tseeb, paj huam tsis tuaj yeem muaj Gauthier, yog li nws tau koom nrog kev sau xov xwm. Nws kho txoj haujlwm no yam tsis muaj kev hwm, feem ntau hu nws tias "kev foom phem ntawm nws lub neej."

Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Xovxwm" Girardin Gauthier txog thaum nws tuag tau luam tawm ua yeeb yam feuilletons ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau sau phau ntawv ntawm kev thuam thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li, hauv kev ua haujlwm "Grotesque" hauv xyoo 1844, Gauthier tau qhib rau ntau tus neeg nyeem ntau tus kws sau paj huam ntawm 15th-16th centuries, uas yog unjustified tsis nco qab lawm. Ntawm lawv yog Villon thiab Cyrano de Bergerac.

Tib lub sijhawm, Gautier yog ib tus neeg nyiam taug kev. Nws tau mus xyuas yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, suav nrog Russia. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau mob siab rau cov ntawv sau "Journey to Russia" xyoo 1867 thiab "Cov Khoom muaj nqis ntawm Lavxias teb sab Art" xyoo 1863 rau kev mus ncig.

Théophile Gautier tau piav qhia nws qhov kev xav txog kev mus ncig hauv cov ntawv sau zoo nkauj. Biography ntawm tus sau yog zoo traced nyob rau hauv lawv. Cov no yog "Journey to Spain", "Italy" thiab "East". Lawv txawv los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes, tsis tshua muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hom no, thiab cov poetic sawv cev ntawm qhov zoo nkauj ntawm xwm.

Nkauj tawm tshiab

Txawm hais tias cov paj huam muaj zog, cov neeg nyeem feem ntau paub lub npe Théophile Gauthier rau lwm qhov laj thawj. "Captain Fracasse" yog keeb kwm taug txuj kev nyuaj tshiab luam tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1863. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pauv mus rauntau hom lus hauv ntiaj teb, suav nrog Lavxias, thiab ob zaug - xyoo 1895 thiab 1957.

Qhov kev nqis tes ua tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm kav ntawm Louis XIII hauv Fab Kis. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Lub protagonist - ib tug hluas Baron de Sigonyak - nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg qub txeeg qub tes nyob rau hauv Gascony. Qhov no yog lub tsev fuabtais uas ploj lawm, uas tsuas yog ib tug tub qhe ncaj ncees nyob nrog nws.

Txhua yam hloov pauv thaum ib pab pawg ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau tso cai rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais hmo ntuj. Cov tub ntxhais hluas baron poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus actress Isabella thiab ua raws li cov neeg ua yeeb yam rau Paris. Ntawm txoj kev, ib tug ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg neeg tuag, thiab de Signonac txiav txim siab rau ib qho kev ua tsis tau pom dua rau ib tug txiv neej ntawm nws txoj cai nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Txhawm rau woo Isabella, nws nkag mus rau theem thiab pib ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm Captain Fracasse. Qhov no yog ib tug classic ua cim los ntawm Italian commedia dell'arte. Hom kev taug txuj kev nyuaj-tub rog.

Cov xwm txheej ntxiv txhim kho zoo li hauv zaj dab neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo siab. Isabella nrhiav kev ntxias cov hluas Duke de Vallombreuse. Peb baron twv nws mus rau ib tug duel, yeej, tab sis tus duke tsis tawm nws sim. Nws teeb tsa kev nyiag Isabella los ntawm lub tsev so Parisian, thiab xa tus neeg tua neeg rau de Signonac nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kawg ua tsis tiav.

Qhov kawg zoo li Indian melodrama. Isabella languishes hauv Duke lub tsev fuabtais, uas pheej muab nws txoj kev hlub rau nws. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm kawg, ua tsaug rau tsev neeg lub nplhaib, nws hloov tawm tias Isabella thiab tus duke yog kwv tij thiab muam.

Lub Duke thiab Baron sib haum xeeb, de Signonac coj kev zoo nkauj ua nws tus poj niam. Thaum kawg, nws kuj pom ib tsev neeg cov khoom muaj nqis nyob hauv lub tsev qub qub, muab zais rau ntawm nws cov yawg koob.

Gaultier cuab yeej cuab tam

Txawm tias nws txoj kev hlub rau paj huam thiab muaj tswv yim, Theophile Gauthier tsis tuaj yeem siv sijhawm txaus rau lawv. Nws tswj los tsim cov paj huam tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws lub sijhawm dawb, thiab nws tau mob siab rau nws lub neej rau kev sau xov xwm thiab daws cov teeb meem khoom siv. Vim li no, ntau yam haujlwm tau raug sau tseg nrog kev tu siab, feem ntau xav tias tsis muaj peev xwm ua tiav tag nrho cov phiaj xwm thiab cov tswv yim.

Théophile Gauthier tuag xyoo 1872 hauv Neuilly ze Paris. Nws muaj 61 xyoo.