Type of theatre. Hom thiab hom ntawm theatrical art

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau ua ib zaug ntawm txoj kev. Qhov tseeb, cov neeg ua yeeb yam itininerant tso rau kev ua yeeb yam. Lawv tuaj yeem hu nkauj, seev cev, hnav khaub ncaws ntau yam, piav txog tsiaj. Txhua tus tau ua qhov nws ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Daim duab kos duab tshiab maj mam tsim, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau txhim kho lawv cov txuj ci.

Lub ntiaj teb thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam

Lo lus "ua yeeb yam" hauv Greek txhais tau tias qhov chaw rau cov tsom iav thiab tsom iav nws tus kheej. Thawj lub koom haum xws li kab lis kev cai, xav tias, tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Greece. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv V-IV centuries BC. e. Lub sijhawm no hu ua "classic". Classical kos duab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thiab sib npaug ntawm txhua yam thiab cov khoom. Lub tsev ua yeeb yam Greek thaum ub tau tshwm sim ua tsaug rau kev pe hawm ntau tus vajtswv.

Theatre of Dionysus yog lub tsev ua yeeb yam qub tshaj plaws. Vaj tswv ntawm winemaking, nroj tsuag thiab xwm yog heev revered los ntawm ancient Greeks. Dionysus tau mob siab rau cult rites, uas maj mam tsim mus rau hauv tiag tiag tragedies thiab comedies. Ritual festivities tau uakev ua yeeb yam tiag. Lub tsev yog qhov chaw qhib cua. Cov neeg saib thaum chiv keeb nyob ntawm cov rooj zaum ntoo. Kev kos duab ua yeeb yam tau txais kev hwm nyob rau hauv ancient tim Nkij teb chaws tias cov pej xeem txom nyem ntawm lub hwj chim tau muab nyiaj rau kev ua yeeb yam. Txwv tsis pub leej twg coj mus ua lwm yam.

thawj lub tuam tsev ntawm kev kos duab muaj peb qhov tseem ceeb:

• orchestra - dancers thiab hu nkauj ua rau nws;
• auditorium - nyob ib ncig ntawm lub orchestra;
• skene lub tsev, qhov chaw rau cov kws ua yeeb yam nyob.

Tsis muaj ntaub thaiv npog thiab qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, thiab txhua tus poj niam lub luag haujlwm tau ua los ntawm cov txiv neej. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau hloov pauv ntau zaus hauv ib qho kev ua yeeb yam, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau seev cev thiab hu nkauj zoo kawg nkaus. Cov tsos ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau hloov pauv nrog kev pab ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Nyob ze ntawm lub tsev yog lub tuam tsev ntawm Dionysus.

Ancient theatre tau tso lub hauv paus thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm niaj hnub. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem hu ua qhov ze tshaj plaws hauv ib hom ntawv. Sij hawm dhau mus, ntau thiab ntau yam sib txawv tshwm sim.

yeeb yam yeeb yam

Kev ua yeeb yam hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no muaj ntau haiv neeg. Qhov kev kos duab no tsim cov ntawv nyeem, suab paj nruag, choreography, suab, zoo nkauj. Lawv qhia txog kev xav thiab xwm txheej sib txawv. Tib neeg txoj kev hloov mus tas li. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau yam sib txawv tau tshwm sim. Lawv nyob ntawm lub teb chaws uas lawv tuaj, ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov pejxeem, ntawm lub siab ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib thiab lawv qhov kev thov.

Peb teev qee hom kev ua yeeb yam: yeeb yam, yeeb yam, monodrama, vaudeville, extravaganza, parody, mime, farce, kev ncaj ncees, pastoral, suab paj nruag, tragicomedy, melodrama thiablwm tus.

Kev ua yeeb yam yeeb yam tsis tuaj yeem sib tw. Lawv yog cov nthuav ntawm lawv tus kheej txoj kev. Cov neeg tuaj saib uas nyiam ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam zoo siab sib npaug los mus saib cov yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yam.

Cov yeeb yam nrov tshaj plaws yog ua yeeb yam, comedy, tragicomedy, suab paj nruag, parody thiab vaudeville.

Muaj ob qho tib si tu siab thiab comic moments nyob rau hauv ua yeeb yam. Nws yog ib txwm txaus siab saib cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm no. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm hom ntawv no tsis yooj yim thiab yooj yim koom nrog cov neeg saib hauv kev nkag siab thiab kev tshuaj xyuas.

Kev ua yeeb yam lom zem muaj lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb - ua kom cov neeg saib luag. Txhawm rau ua kev lom zem ntawm qee qhov xwm txheej, cov neeg ua yeeb yam kuj yuav tsum tau sim ua haujlwm. Tom qab tag nrho, tus saib yuav tsum ntseeg lawv! Comedy cwj pwm tsuas yog nyuaj rau ua si raws li kev ua yeeb yam. Lub ntsiab ntawm satire ua rau kev ua yeeb yam yooj yim dua saib.

Kev txom nyem ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog qhov xwm txheej tsis sib haum xeeb, uas cov khoom tau qhia txog. Hom no yog ib qho ntawm thawj qhov tshwm sim hauv Ancient Greece. Zoo li comedy.

suab paj nruag muaj ntau tus kiv cua. Qhov no yog ib txwm ua haujlwm ci ntsa iab nrog kev seev cev, nkauj, zaj dab neeg nthuav thiab kev lom zem. Lub npe thib ob ntawm hom no yog suab paj nruag comedy. Nws tshwm sim hauv Asmeskas thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Ntau yam

Hom kev ua yeeb yam ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov hom uas lawv sawv cev. Txawm hais tias lawv tsis qhia ntau ntau hom ntawv raws li kev ua yeeb yam. Peb sau qee qhov ntawm lawv:

• opera;
• dramatic;
• puppet theatre;
• theatre of the absurd;
• me nyuam;
• author's;
• ib tug txiv neej ua yeeb yam;
• theatre of light;
• musical comedy;
• satire theatre;
• paj huam ua yeeb yam;
• dance theatre;
• ntau yam;
• robot theatre;
• ballet;
• tsiaj ua yeeb yam;
• disabled theatre;
• serf;
• duab ntxoo theatre;
• pantomime theatre;
• song theatre;
• street.

Opera thiab Ballet Theatre

Opera thiab ballet tshwm sim hauv Ltalis thaum lub sijhawm Renaissance. Thawj lub tsev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim hauv Venice xyoo 1637. Ballet tau tsim los ua ib hom kev ua yeeb yam tshwj xeeb hauv Fab Kis, tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev seev cev ntawm cov tsev hais plaub. Feem ntau, cov kev ua yeeb yam no tau muab tso ua ke hauv ib qho chaw.

Opera thiab ballet yog nrog rau lub suab paj nruag orchestra. Suab paj nruag dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam no. Nws conveys mus ob peb vas, huab cua ntawm txhua yam uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub theem thiab hais txog cov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov lam. Cov neeg hu nkauj Opera ua haujlwm nrog lub suab thiab kev xav, thaum cov neeg seev cev seev cev qhia txhua yam los ntawm kev txav mus los. Opera thiab ballet theaters yeej ib txwm yog cov chaw ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj tshaj plaws. Lawv nyob rau hauv lub nroog richest vaj tsev nrog cov cim architecture. Cov khoom vaj khoom tsev zoo nkauj, kab hlau rhuav zoo nkauj, qhov loj orchestra - qhov no yog qhov zoo li sab hauv.

Drama theatre

Ntawm no yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb yog muab rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam thiab tus thawj coj. Nws yog lawv uas tsim cov cim ntawm cov cim, hloov mus rau hauv cov duab tsim nyog. Tus thawj coj qhia nws lub zeem muag thiab coj pab pawg. Drama theatre yog hu ua theatre ntawm "kev paub". TO. S. Stanislavsky sau nws tej hauj lwm, kawm txog kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam. Hauv kev ua yeeb yam theatre, tsis yog kev ua yeeb yam nkaus xwb - ua yeeb yam nrog cov phiaj xwm nyuaj. Cov yeeb yam ua yeeb yam suav nrog comedies, suab paj nruag thiab lwm yam suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam hauv nws cov repertoire. Txhua qhov kev tsim tawm tsuas yog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua yeeb yam.

Kev ua yeeb yam rau txhua tus saj

Musical theatre - qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem saib ib qho kev ua yeeb yam. Operas, comedies, operettas, suab paj nruag thiab tag nrho cov kev ua yeeb yam uas muaj ntau lub suab paj nruag yog staged nyob rau hauv nws. Choir thiab ballet dancers, ntaus suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam ua haujlwm ntawm no. Lub suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam ua ke ua yeeb yam ntawm opera, ballet, operetta theatre. Txhua yam kev kos duab ua yeeb yam ntsig txog cov suab paj nruag pop lossis classical tuaj yeem pom nws cov kiv cua hauv lub theatre.

Puppet show

Nov yog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Ntawm no koj plunge rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm thaum yau thiab kev xyiv fab. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm no yog ib txwm muaj yeeb yuj, nyiam cov neeg saib tsawg tshaj plaws. Puppet theatre feem ntau yog thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam uas cov menyuam yaus nkag mus. Thiab yav tom ntej tus cwj pwm ntawm tus menyuam mus rau kev ua yeeb yam yog nyob ntawm seb nws yuav ua li cas rau cov neeg saib tsis paub. Ntau hom kev ua yeeb yam yog ua raws li kev siv ntau hom menyuam roj hmab.

Tsis ntev los no, cov menyuam roj hmab tsis zais tom qab cov ntxaij vab tshaus, tab sis cuam tshuam nrog cov menyuam roj hmab ntawm theem. Lub tswv yim no belongs rau nto moo S. V. Obraztsov. Nws hnav lub hnab looj tes menyuam roj hmab npe hu ua Tyapa ntawm nws txhais tes thiab ua tau zoo heev ntawm cov theem me me, ua nws txiv.

Lub hauv paus ntawm hom kev ua yeeb yam no nyob deb ntawm Ancienttim Nkij teb chaws. Tsim cov menyuam roj hmab rau rituals, tib neeg tsis paub tias qhov no yuav txhim kho mus rau hauv kev kos duab tiag tiag. Puppet theatre tsis yog tsuas yog kev taw qhia rau kev kos duab, tab sis kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev kho lub hlwb rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws.

YComedy Theatre

Muab cov neeg ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem hu nkauj thiab seev cev. Lawv yuav tsum tau yooj yim tau siv rau cov duab comedic thiab tsis ntshai ua funny. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom "Drama thiab Comedy Theatres", "Musical Comedy Theatres". Kev sib xyaw ntau hom hauv ib qho kev ua yeeb yam tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev khaws cia nws qhov tsw. Lub repertoire yuav muaj xws li operettas, satirical comedies, suab paj nruag, ua yeeb yam, suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam rau cov me nyuam. Cov neeg mus rau lub comedy theatre nrog kev txaus siab. Lub tsev yeej puv nkaus.

Variety theatre

Rov ua dua hom kev ua yeeb yam tsis ntev los no. Thiab tam sim ntawd poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog cov neeg tuaj saib. Thawj ntau yam ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Lawv tau los ua lub tsev ua yeeb yam hauv Leningrad, uas tau qhib rau xyoo 1939. Nyob rau hauv 2002, nws tau hu ua Variety Theatre. A. I. Raikin. Ntau tus kws kos duab suav nrog cov neeg hu nkauj tam sim no, seev cev, nthuav qhia. Ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam tau qhia cov hnub qub ua lag luam, seev cev thiab ua yeeb yam, raws li tam sim no hu ua.

Nyob hauv ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam, kev ua yeeb yam solo feem ntau muaj, kev hais kwv txhiaj rau qee hnub nco, ua yeeb yam los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv niaj hnub no tau ua si. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam tuav concerts ntawm no, muab tso rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam-comics, ua yeeb yam ntawm classical tej hauj lwm. Suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem ua yeeb yam zoo sib xws.

Satire Theatre

nyiam mloog heev! Txij li thaum nws tshwm sim, nws tau qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog,qhia tag nrho cov shortcomings thiab thuam lawv. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam yeej ib txwm paub los ntawm kev pom, lawv ua tau zoo kawg nkaus ua yeeb yam tsis yog nyob rau theem, tab sis kuj hauv xinesmas. Satire theaters yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg uas tau txwv tsis pub mus rau theem tej yam productions. Nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog censorship. Kev thuam qhov tsis zoo ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm, feem ntau muaj peev xwm hla txoj kab ntawm kev tso cai. Cov kev txwv tsuas yog nyiam cov neeg saib ntau dua. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm satire, uas paub zoo: A. A. Mironov, Olga Aroseva, Spartak Mishulin, Mikhail Derzhavin, Nina Kornienko, Alexander Shirvindt. Ua tsaug rau cov neeg no, cov yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam.

Lub sijhawm dhau mus, hom kev ua yeeb yam tshwm sim uas tsis nco qab ntev lossis tsis zoo li txhua yam uas muaj.

New trends

Cov tuam tsev tshiab ntawm kev kos duab ua rau cov neeg pom zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis ntev tas los no, thawj Theatre of Robots tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Poland. Nws yog ua si los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam neeg hlau uas qhia lawv txoj kev xav los ntawm lawv lub qhov muag thiab gestures. Cov kev tsim tawm tseem yog tsim los rau cov menyuam yaus cov neeg tuaj saib, tab sis cov thawj coj ntawm qhov project npaj siab txuas ntxiv nthuav tawm cov repertoire.

Kev ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam coj mus rau txoj kev thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Nws twb dhau los ua kev lig kev cai lawm. Xyoo no, ntau lub koob tsheej tau tuav sab nraum zoov. Nyob ib sab ntawm lub theatre, cov theem me tau tsim, uas qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau ua tiav. Txawm tias opera thiab ballet dancers twb dhau mus ua yeeb yam kom nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib kom ntau li ntau tau.