2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Rinaldi Antonio yog tus kws tsim qauv Italian uas ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Russia nyob rau ib nrab xyoo pua 18th. Ntau lub tsev nyob rau hauv Gatchina, Oranienbaum, Tsarskoye Selo thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nws tus kheej belongs rau nws authorship. Nws lub npe yog txuam nrog kev hloov ntawm baroque mus rau classicism nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab architecture.
Rinaldi Antonio: luv luv biography
Yawg tsis paub txog tus kws kes duab vajtse cov hluas. Txawm lub xyoo thiab qhov chaw yug yog questionable. Feem ntau nws yog Naples. Nws feem ntau lees paub tias nws nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Ltalis uas Rinaldi Antonio siv nws thaum yau. Nws biography yog tag nrho ntawm cov pob dawb, tab sis tej zaum nws yog ib tug nom tswv tsev neeg. Cov kev xav zoo li no yog los ntawm qhov tseeb tias yav tom ntej tus kws tsim vaj tsev kawm nrog tus tswv L. Vanvitelli (uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis laus dua nws), thiab nws coj cov tub hluas los ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm Naples nrog keeb kwm zoo rau hauv nws lub rooj cob qhia.. Tus kws qhia ntawv yog ib tus neeg nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Baroque architects nyob rau hauv ltalis. Raws li tus kws qhia ntawv qhia, tus tswv hluas ua tiav nws thawj txoj haujlwm.
Rinaldi tuaj rau Russia xyoo 1951. Ua ntej ntawd, nws tau mus rau Askiv thiabLub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab German architecture muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov tsev yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv Russia thaum lub sij hawm classicism twb xyaum hloov lub baroque. Xws li architects li Sokolov, Rastrelli, Cameron nyiam qhov chaw. Raws li daim ntawv cog lus, Rinaldi yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm 7 xyoo hauv kev pabcuam ntawm Count Razumovsky, Hetman ntawm Little Russia. Nws tau npaj tias nws yuav coj qhov kev npaj ntawm yav tom ntej kev tswj hwm chaw ntawm cheeb tsam - lub nroog ntawm Baturin. Qhov project grandiose tsis tau destined kom xaus. Rau lub hetman, tus kws kes duab vajtse tsim tsuas yog ib lub palace, tom qab uas nws mus rau St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1954.
Nyob hauv lub peev, tus kws kes duab vajtse ua haujlwm tau zoo raws li kev txiav txim ntawm Emperor Peter III. Nws txhim tsa ib txoj hauv kev hauv Oranienbaum, txhim tsa Marble Palace hauv St. Petersburg, thiab ua haujlwm hauv Tsarskoye Selo. Rinaldi koom nrog peb, feem ntau scandalous, project ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral, uas yog tom qab rebuilt los ntawm Montferrand. Ib qhov kawg ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse yog lub Koom Txoos Catholic ntawm St. Catherine, qhov chaw uas nws yog pawg ntseeg pawg ntseeg tau ntev.
Tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau muaj cov phiaj xwm muaj tswv yim, tab sis qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm qhov tseeb. Thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho ntawm Bolshoi Theatre nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nws stumbled rau scaffolding thiab poob. Nws ua tsis tau lawm. Tus tswv tau txais nyiaj laus tas mus li thiab, thaum nws mus tsev, nws raug xa mus los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev. Lub xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej, tus kws kes duab vajtse systematized thiab muab cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv nws tej yaam num thiab kos duab. Rinaldi Antonio tuag hauv Rome xyoo 1974.
Italian sij hawm
Ua ntej yuav mus rau Russia, tus kws tsim vaj tsev siv sijhawm li 40 xyoo hauv nws lub tebchaws. Lub sijhawm no tau raug cim los ntawm tus kws qhia ncaj qha, Luigi Vanvitelli. Feem ntau qhov kev kawm tau tshwm sim hauv kev xyaum. Rinaldi tau ua haujlwm ua tus kws tshaj lij thiab pabcuam rau tus kws tsim qauv. Nws tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim ntawm Caserta Castle, yog ib lub tsev loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Europe. Nws yog npaj rau huab tais nws tus kheej. Lub tsev fuabtais tau dhau los ua ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Italian Baroque lig. Tib lub sijhawm, qee qhov nta ntawm classicism twb pom meej meej hauv nws.
Kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Augustine hauv Rome kuj tau tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm Antonio Rinaldi. Tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm no tseem ua haujlwm ua pab pawg. Tab sis nws tsim lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv lub monastery ntawm St. Magdalena nyob rau hauv Pesaro ntawm nws tus kheej. Rinaldi tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej los ua tus paub tab thiab paub tab. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom thiab caw tuaj rau Russia.
Gatchina
Rinaldi Antonio tuaj rau Ukraine ua tsaug rau tus tij laug nyiam Elizaveta Petrovna, Kirill Razumovsky. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd nws yog ib tug hetman ntawm Little Russia thiab ib tug heev influential neeg. Lawv tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog tus kws kes duab vajtse thiab hais kom pib tsim qhov chaw nyob ntawm hetman hauv Baturyn. Nws tau npaj ua kom lub nroog no ua lub peev ntawm thaj av ntawd, txhim kho ntau lub tsev zoo nkauj dua thiab rov txhim kho txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog tus tsim ntawm lub tsev nyob, Rinaldi tab tom tsim lub palace rau Razumovsky. Kirill Grigoryevich yog tus thawj coj zoo, tab sis nws tsis txaj muag ntawm kev xiab nyiaj thiab kev quab yuam. Nyob rau hauv 1754 nws raug hu mus rau Moscow los qhia rauentrusted thaj chaw, tom qab uas cov nyiaj txiag thiab lub hwj chim ntawm lub hetman raug txwv. Cov phiaj xwm rau kev rov tsim kho ntawm Baturin raug txo qis thiab cov kev pabcuam ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev raug tso tseg, them nyiaj. Nyob rau tib lub xyoo nws mus rau St. Petersburg.
Oranienbaum
Nyob hauv St. Petersburg, Rinaldi tau txais kev pabcuam hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Peter III. Thaum nws txoj kev kav tas lawm, Catherine II tau ua tus tswv tsev hais plaub, thiab nws tuav txoj haujlwm no kom txog thaum 1784. Thawj imperial txiav txim yog rau kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug complex ntawm cov qauv hauv Oranienbaum. Ntawm no Rinaldi txhim tsa lub Palace ntawm Peter III, lub pavilion ntawm cov menyuam coaster, Opera tsev, thiab tom qab ntawd Tuam Tshoj Palace. Petrovsky Palace tsis tau npaj rau kev nyob, tab sis, nws yog ib lub pavilion rau so. Lub tsev me me ob-zaj dab neeg yog qhov txawv heev ntawm kev daws teeb meem spatial. Nws yog ua tau zoo li ib tug square, ib tug ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm uas yog rounded nrog ib tug du arc. Vim cov txheej txheem no, ib lub tsev me me zoo li zoo nkauj heev. Suav Palace tau npaj rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm Catherine II hauv 1762-1768. Lub sijhawm no, chinoiserie style, siv lub ntsiab lus Suav, tau nyob hauv vogue, thiab ntau qhov chaw sab hauv tau dai kom zoo nkauj raws li kev zam. Tom qab ua tiav kev ua tiav hauv Oranienbaum, tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau raug xaiv los tswj cov tsev hauv Tsarskoye Selo.
Tsarskoye Selo
Ua haujlwm ntawm Tsarskoye Selo cov tsev yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm Rinaldi Antonio. Tus kws kes duab vajtse tsim ntawm nontau pavilions, obelisks thiab monuments. Nws tsim thiab saib xyuas kev tsim kho ntawm Chesmenskaya, Moreiskaya, Crimean kab, Kagul obelisk, thiab lub monument rau Lansky. Tag nrho cov qauv memorial qhuas lub hwj chim ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet thiab tub rog. Suav Pavilion thiab Suav Theatre txuas ntxiv cov ntsiab lus chinoiserie. Rinaldi muab cov European style ib lub suab Lavxias. Suav motifs tuaj yeem taug qab ob qho tib si hauv sab hauv thiab sab nraud - piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm cov ces kaum nkhaus ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm Suav Tsev Ua Yeeb Yam. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub tsev no tau raug puas tsuaj thaum ua tsov rog thiab tsuas yog pom hauv cov duab xwb.
Petersburg cov tsev
Lub palace marble, ua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm mature classicism, yog hu ua lub pinnacle ntawm creativity ntawm Rinaldi Antonio. Nws tau txais nws lub npe vim yog cov phab ntsa lined nrog ntuj pob zeb. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd nws yog tib lub tsev nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nrog xws li décor. Pink marble tau siv ob qho tib si hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv thiab sab hauv. U-shaped palace tau dhau los ua qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm Neva embankment. Tam sim no muaj ib ceg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tsev khaws puav pheej.
Lwm cov tuam tsev St. Petersburg ntawm tus tswv suav nrog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir Cathedral, lub tswb pej thuam ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Ascension ntawm tus Tswv, lub Koom Txoos Catholic ntawm St. Catherine ntawm Nevsky Prospekt thiab Tuchkov Buyan - lub complex ntawm warehouses.
Tus kws kes duab vajtse tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thib peb ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral. Nyob rau hauv qhov project ntawm Rinaldi, lub tsev yuav tsum tau crowned nrog tsib domes thiab ib tug slender siab tswb pej thuam. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev tuag ntawm Catherine II, nws yogua tiav rau lub cornice, tab sis tus tswv tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm vim raug mob. Rinaldi tau mus rau Rome, thiab ib lub dome cib thiab lub tswb nrov squat tau nrawm nrawm rau ntawm lub hauv paus marble ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Kev tsim kho tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo hauv zej zog, epigrams thiab witticisms los nag los ntawm txhua sab. Lub tsev teev ntuj tom qab tau tsim kho dua tshiab hauv nws daim ntawv kawg.
Rinaldi Antonio pib nws lub neej hauv Ltalis thiab ua tiav nws nyob ntawd. Tab sis lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv Russia yog "lub plawv" ntawm nws biography, nws muab tag nrho nws cov txuj ci thiab muaj tswv yim zog rau nws. Rinaldi tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov vaj tsev zoo nkauj ntawm St. Petersburg thiab nws ib puag ncig.
Pom zoo:
Rapper Pharaoh, uas tuag thaum 18. Lub hip-hop kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv teb rau ib tug tsis zoo-xav txog cov khoom
Tshwj xeeb, 7 xyoo dhau los ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws ua si ncaws pob. Vim yog mob ceg, nws tau tso nws txoj haujlwm ua kis las, thiab tom qab ntawd yog tus thawj coj tseem ceeb hauv cov hluas ncaws pob ncaws pob
Lavxias teb sab kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias
Pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting. Iconography ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 18th pib ua tus tswv ntau yam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab lawv cov haujlwm
Tus qauv ntawm architecture nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th nyob rau hauv Russia
Tus qauv ntawm architecture tau vam meej nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, vim hais tias muaj peev xwm ntawm lub xeev nthuav dav, kev tsim pob zeb mus txog qib tshiab. Nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin, nyob rau hauv Mikhail Fedorovich, pob zeb vaj ntxwv chambers tau tsim. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, los yog nyob rau hauv nws thawj ib nrab, hais tias xws li ib tug cult khoom raws li Spasskaya ntauwd tau tshwm sim. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua, lwm yam yees ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin tau ua. Cov tsev no tau muab cov tsev pheeb suab ntaub, thiab lawv tau txais daim ntawv uas peb paub
Theatre nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th nyob rau hauv Russia. Tsev hais plaub theatre nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th
Theatre yog ib lub teb chaws Lavxias teb sab cuab yeej cuab tam uas muaj hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 17th. Nws yog ces hais tias tsim ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm theatrical ua yeeb yam tau pib thiab lub hauv paus tau nteg rau hom kev kos duab nyob rau hauv Russia
Architect Bazhenov: nthuav qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej. Architecture ntawm Moscow nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th
Vasily Bazhenov yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg paub tsis meej tshaj plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws. Ua ib tug adherent ntawm Lavxias teb sab style, nws tau los ua tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab neoclassicism thiab Lavxias teb sab Gothic nyob rau hauv architecture
