2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Paj huam yog kev tsim cov lus tsim, kev xav ntawm kev hais lus, uas cov lus hauv kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum muaj kev sib cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib dhos thiab kev sib dhos.
Verse thiab versification
Cov paj huam tsawg tshaj plaws yog ib nqe. Versification yog ib txheej nyias ntawm kev sau ntawv thuam mob siab rau txoj kev kawm ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm nqe lus thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua paj huam. Verse - ib kab ntawm cov ntawv sau paj huam, tau los ntawm kev sib dhos ntawm kev hais lus, nyob rau hauv uas tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua thiab kev ntxhov siab hauv cov lus txiav txim siab ib lossis lwm qhov poetic meter. Hloov cov lus tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ntxhov siab ua rau kev faib cov kab lus sib dhos rau hauv kev nres. Kho qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm ib lub suab thiab qee tus lej ntawm lawv txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm nqe.
Qhov txawv ntawm ib nqe thiab ib zaj paj huam
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev hais lus, lo lus "verse" thiab "poem" yog tag nrho cov lus sib dhos.
Tab sis los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev sau ntawv, qhov xwm txheej txawv me ntsis. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ib nqe lus thiab ib zaj paj huam yog tias nqe yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm zaj paj huam. Ib zaj paj huam yog ib qho haujlwm me me ntawm kev ua paj huam. Nws muaj ob peb nqe uas tsim los ntawm cov lus sib txuas los ntawm kev sib dhos, qhov kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv uas tau kho ntawm ib lub suab. Ntawd yog, paj huam yog kev hais lus thiab kos duab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv paj huam. Tag nrho cov paj huam ib txwm muaj xws li stanzas. Txhua stanza feem ntau muaj 2 txog 14 nqe (kab). Tab sis muaj qee zaus thaum kev faib paj huam rau hauv stanzas tsis tshwm sim. Feem ntau ib zaj paj huam yog ib txoj hauj lwm uas tsis muaj ntau tshaj 20 rhyming stanzas. Hom paj huam uas yooj yim tshaj yog distich (khub niam txiv).
Ntau hom thiab subtypes ntawm paj huam
Vim lawv lub peev xwm thiab hloov tau yooj yim, ua haujlwm hauv nqe lus tau muab faib ua ntau pawg thiab subspecies raws li daim ntawv thiab koom haum.
Piv txwv li, nyob ntawm lub siab xav thiab cov ntsiab lus, tag nrho cov paj huam tau muab faib ua odes, zaj nkauj, iambs, kev xav, elegies, paj huam anthological thiab hais txog. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub compositional qauv, cov nram qab no ntau yam yog txawv ntawm poetic ntawv: sextines, ritornellos, stanzas, canzones, octaves, rondels, decims, triolets, rondos, sonnets nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm lawv variations. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv sau paj huam kuj paub: palindrome, acrostic, charade, thiab lwm yam. Kev sim siab tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam niaj hnub nosau tej hauj lwm ntawm poetic daim ntawv nyob rau hauv prose. Paj huam yog ib txoj kev kos duab, tab sis nthuav heev tib lub sij hawm.
Pom zoo:
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Poets hais txog paj huam thiab quotes txog paj huam
Dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm paj huam hauv txoj hmoo thiab lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj huam? Paj huam txhais li cas rau lawv? Lawv sau dab tsi thiab xav txog nws? Puas yog nws ua haujlwm lossis kos duab rau lawv? Puas nyuaj ua ib tug kws sau paj lug, thiab txhais li cas los ua ib tug kws sau paj huam? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no hauv kab lus. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no yuav muab rau koj los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam lawv tus kheej hauv lawv cov haujlwm
"Tus kws sau paj huam tuag" Lermontov nqe lus "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag". Lermontov muab rau leej twg "Kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj huam"?
Thaum xyoo 1837, tau kawm txog kev tuag ntawm kev tuag, lub qhov txhab tuag, thiab tom qab ntawd kev tuag ntawm Pushkin, Lermontov tau sau cov kev quaj ntsuag "Tus kws sau paj huam tuag …", nws nws tus kheej twb muaj npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv. Muaj tswv yim biography Mikhail Yurievich pib thaum ntxov, nws cov paj huam romantic hnub rov qab mus rau 1828-1829
"Nws yog tag nrho hauv ib qho kev khi lus": kev tshuaj xyuas. "Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv ib zaj lus tim khawv" - paj huam los ntawm Tvardovsky
Tvardovsky zaj paj huam "Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb nyob hauv ib zaj lus tim khawv" piav qhia rau peb tias txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev muaj tswv yim tsis muaj kev txwv, txhua tus neeg muaj cai hais txog nws txoj kev xav
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lermontov. Lermontov cov paj huam hais txog paj huam
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam hauv Lermontov txoj haujlwm yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Mikhail Yuryevich mob siab rau ntau yam haujlwm rau nws. Tab sis peb yuav tsum pib nrog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb tus kws sau paj huam - kev kho siab. Nws muaj tus cwj pwm universal. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog tus xaiv ntawm Lermontov tus hero, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nws foom phem. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab paj huam qhia txog kev sib tham ntawm tus tsim thiab nws cov neeg nyeem
Tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem". Analysis ntawm Nekrasov paj huam "Tus kws sau paj lug thiab cov pej xeem"
Kev tsom xam ntawm zaj paj huam "Tus kws sau paj huam thiab neeg pej xeem", zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm ntawm kev kos duab, yuav tsum pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm nws cov creation, nrog rau cov teeb meem kev nom kev tswv uas tab tom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, thiab cov ntaub ntawv biographical ntawm tus sau, yog tias lawv yog ob qho tib si muaj feem xyuam rau txoj haujlwm
