Concert acoustics thiab architectural acoustics: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Cov khoom ntawm suab paj nruag thiab suab acoustics tau siv los ntawm cov neeg Greek thaum ub. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias kom ntseeg tau tias ib tug zoo audibility, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub suab mus rau lub mloog yuav tsum tsawg tshaj li 20 m. Muaj ntau niaj hnub halls thiab auditoriums yog ua los ntawm txoj cai no nyob rau hauv lub siab. Qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj zaum ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm amphitheatre tso cai rau tsis tsuas yog kom pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis kuj kom hnov lub suab ntawm tus neeg hais lus zoo.

Peb hom kev ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb

Raws li lub hom phiaj thiab kev nkag siab ntawm lub suab, cov pawg hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov rooj sib tham:

• nrog ntuj pub dawb;
• nrog cov cuab yeej tsim tawm suab;
• universal.

thawj hom suav nrog cov amphitheaters qub. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub suab tsis tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb, thiab txawm hais tias ib tug ntxhi tau hnov nyob rau hauv lub kawg kab nrog tib lub zog thiab clarity ib yam li nyob rau hauv thawj zaug sawv daws yuav. Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj zoo tshaj plaws, kev tsim tawm zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev nkag siab ntawm lub suab yog nyob rau hauv auditoriums uas siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov vaj tsev qub qub.

Rau pab pawg thib obthaj chaw rau ntau tus neeg saib suav nrog ntau yam xinesmas. Hauv panoramic, pa thiab widescreen auditoriums, kis tau tus mob thiab nthuav tawm suab tshwm sim tsuas yog los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov chav tshuaj ntsuam yeeb yaj kiab tau nruab nrog ib qho channel thiab ntau lub tso suab tso suab.

hom thib peb yog universal niaj hnub multi-purpose xinesmas thiab concert halls tsim rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm mloog. Txhawm rau ua tiav qib siab ntim hauv chav tsev ntawm kev teeb tsa niaj hnub, cov cuab yeej siv tshiab thiab cov kev hais kwv txhiaj zoo tshaj plaws tau teeb tsa.

Architecture thiab Suab Science

Thawj thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1701, tus kws kho mob J. Sauveur tau hu lub sij hawm "acoustics" kev kawm txog kev txav thiab ntaus suab. Raws li nws txoj hauv kev los tshuaj xyuas cov kev vibrations ntawm daim hlau, cov hlua, daim nyias nyias, cov kab hauv huab cua, lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho ntawm ntau cov lus qhia kev tshawb fawb tom qab tau tshwm sim. Ntawm lawv yog cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub suab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov twj paj nruag.

Kev koom tes rau kev txhim kho thiab kawm txog kev txav, kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm lub suab nthwv dej hauv ntau xyoo tau ua los ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb xws li:

• Leonardo da Vinci;
• F. Lagrange;
• Heinrich Hertz;
• F. Savar;

Kev txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm nws txiv, Vincenzo Galilei (tus kws qhia suab paj nruag, kws sau nkauj, ib tus tsim ntawm "opera" hom), Galileo Galilei thawj zaug tau qhia meej meej txog qhov tib neeg pob ntseg pom lub suab nrov li cas. thiab zaus ntawm suab nthwv dej.

Nyob hauv cov tsev qub (cathedrals, amphitheaters) zooaudibility, acoustics ntawm concert halls yog tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov architectural nta ntawm lub tsev. Kev paub txog cov kev cai lij choj no pab cov kws tsim qauv tsim cov chaw ua kis las thiab cov rooj sib tham, kev ua yeeb yam thiab suab paj nruag, cov koom haum thiab discos kom haum rau ntau txhiab tus neeg saib.

Qhov txawv ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj acoustics thiab lwm yam

Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, cardinal kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm propagation ntawm suab tsis. Lub advent ntawm lub phonograph thiab xov tooj, xov tooj cua thiab TV, lub microphone thiab multimedia pab tseem pab rau lub colossal txoj kev loj hlob ntawm amplifying khoom.

Active, concert, passive acoustics is a generalized name for music broadcasting complexes, muaj xws li dynamic hais lus thiab microphones, saib thiab pem hauv ntej hais lus, subwoofers thiab suab projectors.

khoom siv ua yeeb yam

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb niaj hnub no, kev hais kwv txhiaj acoustics yog muab tsis yog los ntawm cov qauv sab hauv thiab ntim ntawm chav rau kev ua yeeb yam, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev siv tshuab. Thaum equipping cov koom haum, cov chav loj, ntau qhov chaw thiab thaj chaw, cov kws tshaj lij ua tiav cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb muaj zog. Kev hais kwv txhiaj acoustics yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib uas qhov kev ua yeeb yam tab tom npaj, yog li cov pob yuav tsum suav nrog:

• pem hauv ntej lub ntsiab lus (loudspeakers) ua suab nrov nrov;
• satellites - cov hais lus me me uas tsim cov suab siab thiab nruab nrabfrequencies;
• tus neeg hais lus rau lub suab, hais lus, sib tham;
• monitors - cov khoom siv uas xa txhua lub suab nuances ntau li ntau tau;
• sound projector (active acoustics) - ib qho kev hais kwv txhiaj uas muaj ob peb tus neeg hais lus thiab amplifiers ua rau hauv ib lub tsev los simulate rau 6-channel stereo kis tau tus mob;
• subwoofers yog cov neeg hais lus bass thaj tsam uas txhawb nqa thiab sau txhua lub suab paj nruag.

Nws puas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub suab nrov ntawm lub tsev hais plaub

Raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb, ntau hom suab paj nruag xav tau chav nrog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Tsuas yog ob peb lub rooj sib tham zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no tuaj yeem muab qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev xav tau zoo tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev tsim vaj tsev thiab tsim qauv.

Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj lub suab zoo siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv hauv chav, muab lub suab "natural", siv lub suab nrov-insulating tiav. Qee zaum, semi-cylindrical gypsum lossis plywood deflectors tau muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa. Acoustics, khoom siv kev hais kwv txhiaj yuav tsim kev zoo siab los ntawm ntau yam kev ua yeeb yam thiab qhia nrog rau txoj hauv kev no.

Hauv cov chav uas muaj lub qab nthab siab dhau ntawm theem thiab cov ntu ntawm cov phab ntsa uas nyob ib sab mus rau theem, tshwj xeeb suab reflectors raug ncua. Xws li plywood fixtures pab faib lub suab lub zog sib npaug thoob plaws hauv chav.