Cov neeg sau nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Russia thiab ntiaj teb

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ntiaj teb suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai tau hloov zuj zus ntau xyoo. Ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv nws yog nyob los ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no yog cov lus tseeb tiag, vim hais tias ntau tus kws sau nkauj nto moo hauv tebchaws Russia tau muaj nuj nqis heev rau hnub no thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov kws sau ntawv Lavxias nto moo, ua tsaug rau lawv cov haujlwm, qhuas lawv lub tebchaws, thiab tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lawv cov npoj yaig txawv teb chaws.

keeb kwm me ntsis

Hnub zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai poob rau xyoo pua kaum yim. Lub sijhawm no kuj suav hais tias yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev hloov pauv loj. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm no, thawj Lavxias teb sab composer tsev kawm ntawv tshwm, lub ntsiab kev lig kev cai ntawm suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam yog tsim. Raws li rau ib hom ntawv, qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv tau tsim sai heev: opera, choral thiab instrumental music. Txawm li cas los xij, opera tseem yuav tsum tau suav tias yog hom tseem ceeb, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm no nws tau nrov tsis yog ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers, tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv Russia, operatsis zoo li tus neeg txawv teb chaws, nws tau nthuav tawm hauv kev nkag siab ntau dua, nkag mus tau, ua kom pom tseeb thiab muaj tseeb, raws li pej xeem hauv paus. Nrog rau nws, choral suab paj nruag kuj tsim, uas los ntawm tag nrho cov txhais tau tias nrog txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no koj yuav pom tsis tau tsuas yog nthuav cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj cov duab ntawm nto moo composers.

Nyob rau theem no, thawj tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias nto moo tau tshwm sim, ib tus ntawm lawv yog Dmitry Bortnyansky. Ua tsaug rau nws, Lavxias teb sab suab paj nruag tau txais cov kab lig kev cai tshiab thiab cov qauv, piv txwv li, hauv ib hom kev hais kwv txhiaj choral. Nws nto moo rau nws tus kheej style ntawm kev ua - nws ua ke cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov laus tunes nrog niaj hnub harmonic tendencies. Nws tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ib qho, txawm tias qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, kev ntxhib los mos thiab tig mus rau hauv ib yam dab tsi tshwj xeeb ua tsaug rau kev siv cov kev sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv, kev siv ntau hom kev sib xyaw ua ke, thiab kev paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm polyphonic. Nws tseem tsim nyog hais tias tus kws sau nkauj tau ua haujlwm hauv tsev hais plaub hauv tsev hais plaub thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau nws txoj kev ua yeeb yam, zoo li ntau tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias nto moo. Cov suab paj nruag nrov tshaj plaws los ntawm Dmitry Bortnyansky yog "Tsis txhob tso tseg kuv thaum laus" thiab choral concerto No. 33.

Mikhail Glinka

Ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers pib tshwm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 8th, tab sis qhov tseeb, lub heyday tiag tiag ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical music tuaj nyob rau hauv thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum yim caug xyoo. Nws hu, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nrog Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Nws yog tus composer no uas nrhiav tau tus tshiabkeeb kwm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag. Nws qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsiab classical tiam sis. Glinka ua hauj lwm, ib tug yuav hais tias, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov suab paj nruag ib hom ntawv nyeem, nws sau operas, ua hauj lwm rau ib tug symphony orchestra, tej daim rau lub piano, ntau romances thiab vocal compositions, nws creations rau chamber ensembles kuj paub. Lub luag haujlwm tshiab ntawm Mikhail Ivanovich yog qhov loj heev, ntau tus kws sau nkauj nto moo tau sim ua kom phim nws cov style tshwj xeeb. Glinka nkag siab tob txog haiv neeg, qhov no yog qhov zoo heev hauv kev ua yeeb yam "Ivan Susanin". Tus kws sau ntawv kuj paub txog nws txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, feem ntau hauv nws cov haujlwm nws siv chant thiab variation. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias ua ntej Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka, ntau nto moo composers tau sau zoo xws li cov hauj lwm, tab sis nws yog tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical opera. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm yog cov compositions "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" thiab "Ivan Susanin".

Alexander Dargomyzhsky

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo tsim nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov tseem ceeb realism vam meej, qhov no siv rau ob qho tib si kos duab thiab suab paj nruag. Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm nws tus kheej, tshwj xeeb style - intonational realism. Zoo li ntau ntawm nws cov neeg kawm tiav, tseem muaj npe nrov, nws txuas ntxiv cov kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev tsim kho tshiab uas qhia los ntawm Mikhail Glinka, tab sis qhia txog qee qhov kev tsim kho tshiab, hais txog nws qhov kaj.style. Ib qho ntawm qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Alexander Sergeevich yog Opera "Mermaid". Nws innovation, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub fact tias qhov no yog thawj lyric-psychological ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab classical opera tsev kawm ntawv nrog rau kev siv los ntawm kev loj hlob. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav luag tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tshiab tau pom nyob rau hauv choral scenes, lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm melodiousness thiab qee qhov zoo ib yam li ib zaug nyiam hauv nroog romance. Nws kuj yog thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam uas cov duab-tus cwj pwm zoo li qub - cov no yog cov neeg zoo tib yam ntawm cov neeg sib txawv, thiab mystical mermaids. Lwm qhov haujlwm nrov ntawm Dargomyzhsky yog Petersburg Serenades lub suab-chamber pawg.

Tus kws sau nkauj nrov tshaj plaws,"Lub Hwj Chim Loj" koom haum

Lub sijhawm no kuj tseem ceeb heev. Thaum xaus ntawm lub kaum cuaj thiab pib ntawm lub nees nkaum xyoo pua tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb theem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas cov kws sau suab paj nruag nto moo tau tsim cov neeg niaj hnub, muaj npe nrov Mighty Handful zej zog. Cov pab pawg no tau ua qhov txawv txav tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm composers. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob kiag li. Tom qab tag nrho, nws suav nrog xws li nto moo composers xws li Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin, Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov, Mily Alekseevich Balakirev thiab Caesar Antonovich Cui. Lawv txoj hauj lwm yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv hom opera, tshwj xeeb, qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb tau txuas nrog keeb kwm ua yeeb yam, nrog rauscenes neeg coob coob.

Txawm hais tias txhua yam ntawm lawv cov dej num, hauv paus ntsiab lus, tau tsom rau kev tswj hwm cov kev coj noj coj ua tshwj xeeb ntawm Alexander Dargomyzhsky thiab Mikhail Glinka, lawv tau ntxiv rau lawv nrog ntau yam kev hloov pauv thiab kev tsim kho tshiab, uas tom qab ntawd coj lawv qhov chaw zoo kawg sab nraud ntawm Russia..

Modest Mussorgsky

Mussorgsky yog tus tsim ntawm cov kev coj ua tshiab tshiab hauv Lavxias teb sab classical opera tsev kawm. Feem ntau nws tau muab piv nrog Rubinstein. Nws tsim cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag. Nws txoj haujlwm operatic kuj tseem nco qab txog qhov tseeb tias cov haujlwm siv xws li cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb xws li kev siv suab paj nruag tshiab siv los qhia cov duab ntawm tib neeg, kev sib txawv ntawm pawg hu nkauj thiab kev faib cov suab tshwj xeeb hauv nws cov ntsiab lus, kev siv ntau zaus. melodic recitative, dialogues. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub choral scenes yog heev majestic. Ua raws li qhov tshwj xeeb nyiam ntawm Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky siv tib lub sijhawm los ntawm kev txhim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws sau ntawv qhov kev ua tiav tsis txwv rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam nkaus xwb, nws tau zoo heev ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj, kev ywj pheej piano ua haujlwm thiab cov suab paj nruag loj rau pawg hu nkauj, suab thiab symphonic masterpieces. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm yog lub composer operas "Khovanshchina" thiab "Boris Godunov". Ua tsaug rau lawv, Modest Petrovich tau lees paub los ntawm ntau tus kws sau nkauj nto moo hauv ntiaj teb.

Sergei Rachmaninov

Ib tus neeg nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum hauv tebchaws Russia tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, lawv qhia meej meej lub luag hauj lwm ntawm suab paj nruag. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshoov siab rau tus kws sau nkauj yog kev sib txuas nrog cov nkauj Lavxias teb sab, nrog rau cov kab lis kev cai qub choral. Lub siab dawb paug, qhia ncaj qha ntawm txoj kev xav thiab kev sib kis ntawm daim duab ntawm lub neej tuaj yeem raug hu ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws rau tus kws sau nkauj yog cov suab paj nruag thiab symphonic. Lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tob thiab kev xav philosophical. Nrov nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm cantata "Lub Caij Nplooj Hlav" thiab "Tswb". Los ntawm txoj kev, tom kawg yog ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg, ua tsaug rau uas nto moo composers ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tau tshwm sim los sau lawv tus kheej masterpieces. Cov no yog Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovich, Georgy Sviridov. Lub npe nrov Soviet composer Yury Alexandrovich Shaporin kuj nyob ntawm no.

Cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag feem ntau kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab txaus siab rau kev ua haujlwm piano ntawm Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff, nws cov preludes thiab etudes zoo nkauj heev, ib qho ntawm cov kev hais kwv txhiaj nrov tshaj plaws yog lub npe nrov "Elegy".

Cov duab qub muaj nyob hauv qab no. Tsis muaj ntau tus naas ej Soviet composers, tab sis lawv tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai ntawm Russia. Ntawm lawv yog Dmitry Shostakovich, Andrey Eshpay, Rodion Shchedrin, Alexandra Pakhmutova.

Ntuj sau los ntawm ntiaj teb. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Y

hais lusnto moo composers nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thawj tus feem ntau nco qab yog, ntawm chav kawm, Mozart. Tus kws sau paj huam tau yug los hauv Salzburg, nws pib ua si thaum ntxov, qhov tseeb, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 xyoo nws twb tau mus ncig thiab muab concerts. Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias tus me nyuam tub tau hnov zoo heev, nrog rau kev nco. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ntaus nkauj violin, piano, organ thiab harpsichord, thiab tseem muaj kev txawj ua zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev txawj ntse virtuoso. Ntau tus kws sau ntawv classical paub txog lawv cov haujlwm qub tau nrhiav kev ua raws li Mozart tus qauv tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, lub operas "Kev sib yuav ntawm Figaro" thiab "Lub Magic Flute", raws li zoo raws li lub hauv paus "Requiem" tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau nws cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws.

Tus sau ntawm Fabkis: Georges Bizet

Ntawm Fab Kis Fab Kis tau nrov heev hnub no. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Georges Bizet - tus neeg sawv cev tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm romanticism. Nws sau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm orchestral tej hauj lwm, romances thiab tej daim rau piano. Txawm li cas los xij, nto moo tshaj plaws, thiab tej zaum qhov kev vam meej tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv uas tus neeg sau ua haujlwm yog opera. Ntawm chav kawm, tus nto moo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem hu ua incomparable "Carmen". Lwm qhov, tsis muaj npe nrov, tab sis tsis muaj kev vam meej yog qhov ua yeeb yam "Pearl Seekers".

Nyob rau hauv xaus, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov nkauj ntawm cov kws sau nkauj nrov hauv tebchaws Russia thiab thoob ntiaj teb, nrog rau lawv cov piano, symphonic creations tseem nrov niaj hnub no. TxausFeem ntau cov haujlwm zoo li no tau hnov ntawm concerts, hauv TV hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab txawm tias hauv kev tshaj tawm. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias lub suab paj nruag kab lis kev cai, tau txais ib tug tshiab facet lub sij hawm, tseem nco ntsoov cov classical kab lig kev cai uas tau tsim los ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws composers.