Parsuna yog ib hom ntawv qub thiab kawm me me ntawm kev kos duab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txij li thaum tsis ntev los no, tib neeg tau sim ntes lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig peb, lawv txoj kev xav thiab kev paub dhau los. Nws siv sijhawm ntev ua ntej cov pob zeb paintings tau hloov mus rau hauv cov duab kos duab puv ntoob. Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, portrait painting tau nthuav tawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg ntseeg - icon painting. Thiab tsuas yog los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th puas tau cov kws kos duab pib tsim cov duab ntawm cov neeg tiag tiag: kev nom kev tswv, pej xeem thiab kab lis kev cai. Hom kev kos duab no hu ua "parsuna" (cov duab ntawm tej hauj lwm tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no). Hom duab portrait no tau nthuav dav hauv Lavxias, Belarusian thiab Ukrainian kab lis kev cai.

Parsuna - yog dab tsi?

hom duab no tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm lo lus Latin distorted persona - "tus kheej". Qhov ntawd yog li cas cov duab portrait raug hu ua nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Europe thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Parsuna yog lub npe dav dav rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias, Ukrainian thiab Belarusian portraiture ntawm lig 16th-17th centuries, uas ua ke iconography nrog rau kev txhais lus tseeb dua. Qhov no yog ib hom ntawv thaum ntxov thiab me ntsis ntawm portraiture, uas muaj nyob rau hauv Russia lub nceeg vaj. Parsuna yog lub ntsiab lus qub rau lub tswv yim niaj hnub ntawm "portrait", tsis hais txog cov txheej txheem, style thiab lub sijhawm sau ntawv.

Kev tshwm sim ntawm lo lus

Nyob rau xyoo 1851, cov ntawv luam tawm "Antiquities of the Russian State" tau luam tawm, muaj ntau yam duab. Tshooj plaub ntawm phau ntawv tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm Snegirev IM, uas thawj zaug sim sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab portrait. Nws ntseeg tau tias nws yog tus sau no uas thawj zaug hais tias parsuna yog dab tsi. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov lus tshawb fawb, lo lus no tau nthuav dav tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tom qab luam tawm ntawm Ovchinnikova ES "Portrait nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Art ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th". Nws yog nws uas tau hais tias parsuna yog ib qho kev kos duab thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua 16-17th.

yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom ntawv

Parsuna tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm keeb kwm Lavxias teb sab, thaum lub ntiaj teb kev pom medieval pib hloov pauv, uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tswv yim tshiab. Nws ntseeg hais tias tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no artistic kev taw qhia yog tsim los ntawm cov paintings ntawm lub Armory - S. F. Ushakov, G. Odolsky, I. A. Bezmin, I. Maksimov, M. I. Choglokov thiab lwm tus neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab, raws li txoj cai, tsis tau kos npe los ntawm lawv cov neeg tsim khoom, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem lees paub qhov kev sau ntawv ntawm qee yam haujlwm. Hnub tim sau ntawv zoo li no kuj tsis tau qhia nyob qhov twg, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau tsim kom muaj lub sijhawm ua ntu zus ntawm kev tsim.

Parsuna yog ib hom duab ntawm cov duab uas cuam tshuam los ntawmWestern European tsev kawm ntawv. Tus cwj pwm thiab cov qauv ntawm kev sau ntawv tau nthuav tawm hauv cov xim ci thiab cov xim zoo nkauj, tab sis cov duab kos duab kab lis kev cai tseem raug cai. Feem ntau, parsunas yog heterogeneous ob qho tib si hauv cov khoom siv thiab cov ntsiab lus thev naus laus zis thiab hauv cov ntsiab lus stylistic. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xim roj yog siv los tsim cov duab ntawm canvas. Portrait zoo li yog kis tau zoo heev, feem ntau siv qee tus cwj pwm lossis kos npe, ua tsaug uas nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab seb leej twg yog tus piav qhia.

Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm Lev Lifshitz, Tus Kws Lij Choj Kev Ua Yeeb Yam, cov kws sau ntawv ntawm parsuns tsis tau sim ua kom raug qhia lub ntsej muag lossis lub xeev ntawm lub siab ntawm tus neeg raug teeb tsa, lawv tau nrhiav kom pom tseeb canons ntawm stencil nthuav qhia ntawm daim duab uas yuav sib haum mus rau qib lossis qib ntawm tus qauv - ambassador, tswv xeev, tub huabtais, boyar. Kom nkag siab zoo dua qhov parsuna yog dab tsi, tsuas yog saib cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Type

Yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhim kho cov piv txwv ntawm cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm niaj hnub no tau txheeb xyuas cov pawg hauv qab no ntawm parsun, raws li tus kheej thiab cov tswv yim pleev xim:

- tempera ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, qhov ntxa portraits (Fyodor Alekseevich, Fedor Ivanovich, Alexei Mikhailovich);

- cov duab ntawm cov neeg muaj npe siab: princes, nobles, stewards (Lyutkin, Repnin Gallery, Naryshkin);

- cov duab ntawm pawg ntseeg hierarchs (Joachim, Nikon);

- "parsun" icon.

"Picturesque" ("parsing") icon

Hom no suav nrog cov duab ntawm cov neeg ntseeg, uas tus kws kos duab sivroj pleev xim (tsawg kawg hauv cov xim pleev xim). Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov cim no yog ze li sai tau rau cov European classical. Parsun icons nyob rau lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm kev pleev xim. Muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj pleev xim siv los piav txog lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg ntseeg nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd:

- kos duab ntawm canvas siv av tsaus;

- ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntoo siv lub teeb primer.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias parsuna yog qhov deb ntawm qhov kev kawm tiav ntawm Lavxias teb sab portrait painting. Thiab culturologists yuav tsum ua kom pom ntau qhov nthuav dav hauv cheeb tsam no.