2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Lavxias teb sab lus tsis tuaj yeem xav txog yam tsis muaj tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb xws li Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov. Ib tug linguist, sau ntawv critic, ib tug txiv neej ntawm encyclopedic kev kawm ntawv, nws tshuav ib tug tseem ceeb cim ntawm kev qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, ua ntau heev rau kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub tib neeg thiab coj ib tug galaxy ntawm txawj ntse kws tshawb fawb.
pib taug kev
Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov yug rau lub Ib Hlis 12, 1895 hauv Zaraysk, hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug txiv plig. Xyoo 1930, nws txiv raug kev tsim txom, thiab nws tuag nyob rau hauv exile nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan. Leej niam, uas tau mus rau exile mus nqa nws tus txiv, kuj tuag. Tsev neeg tswj kom tsim nyob rau hauv Victor ib tug muaj zog craving rau kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv 1917, nws kawm tiav los ntawm ob lub koom haum nyob rau hauv Petrograd ib zaug: keeb kwm thiab philological (Zubovsky) thiab archaeological.
Txoj kev mus rau science
Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov tau qhia txog kev xav paub txog kev xav zoo li ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv. Tam sim ntawd tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub koom haumcaw mus kawm science ntawm Petrograd lub koom haum, thaum xub thawj nws kawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj schism, sau ib tug scientific ua hauj lwm. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws tau pom los ntawm Academician A. Shakhmatov, uas pom muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub novice kws tshawb fawb thiab lobbied rau Vinogradov kom tau txais raws li ib tug scholarship tuav los npaj ib tug dissertation ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1919, nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm A. Shakhmatov, nws tau sau ib tug master's thesis ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv lub Northern Lavxias teb sab lus. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau muab lub sijhawm los ua tus xibfwb ntawm Petrograd Institute, hauv txoj haujlwm no nws tau ua haujlwm rau 10 xyoo. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm A. Shakhmatov nyob rau hauv 1920, Viktor Vladimirovich nrhiav tau ib tug tshiab mentor nyob rau hauv tus neeg ntawm tus zoo linguist L. V. Shcherba.
Kev Ua tiav hauv Kev Kawm Txuj Ci
Vinogradov ib txhij koom nrog kev hais lus thiab kev thuam kev sau ntawv. Nws tej hauj lwm tau paub nyob rau hauv dav lub voj voog ntawm Petrograd intelligentsia. Nws sau ib tug xov tooj ntawm nthuav tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm cov zoo Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv A. S. Pushkin, F. M. Dostoevsky, N. S. Leskova, N. V. Gogol. Ntxiv nrog rau stylistics, nws tau xav txog keeb kwm nam hauv kev kawm txog tej hauj lwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tsim nws tus kheej txoj kev tshawb fawb, uas yog raws li kev koom tes dav ntawm cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm hauv kev kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau ntawv. Nws suav hais tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kawm txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm tus sau cov style, uas yuav pab kom nkag mus tob rau hauv tus sau lub hom phiaj. Tom qab ntawd, Vinogradov tsim ib tug sib haum xeeb lus qhuab qhia ntawm qeb ntawm tus sau cov duab thiab tus sau cov style, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub hlws ris.literary criticism thiab linguistics.
xyoo ntawm kev tsim txom
Xyoo 1930, Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov tawm mus rau Moscow, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1934 nws raug ntes nyob rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua "cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov Slavists." Yuav luag tsis muaj kev tshawb nrhiav, Vinogradov raug ntiab tawm mus rau Vyatka, qhov chaw nws yuav siv sijhawm ob xyoos, tom qab ntawd nws raug tso cai tsiv mus rau Mozhaisk thiab txawm tso cai qhia hauv Moscow. Nws yuav tsum nyob nrog nws tus poj niam tsis raug cai, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo.
Xyoo 1938 nws raug txwv tsis pub qhia, tab sis tom qab Viktor Vladimirovich sau tsab ntawv rau Stalin, nws tau muab rov qab nws daim ntawv tso cai nyob hauv Moscow thiab txoj cai ua haujlwm hauv Moscow. Ob xyoos dhau los kuj nyob ntsiag to, tab sis thaum lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog pib, Vinogradov, raws li ib tug unreliable lub caij, raug xa mus rau Tobolsk, qhov chaw uas nws yuav nyob mus txog rau thaum lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1943. Tag nrho cov xyoo no, txawm tias muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb niaj hnub thiab kev ntshai tsis tu ncua rau nws lub neej, Viktor Vladimirovich tseem ua haujlwm. Nws sau keeb kwm ntawm tus kheej cov lus ntawm daim ntawv me me; ntau ntawm lawv tau pom nyob rau hauv cov kws tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum tsov rog xaus, Vinogradov lub neej txhim kho, thiab nws, rov qab mus rau Moscow, pib ua hauj lwm hnyav thiab fruitful.
Linguistics as a vocation
Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov yeej kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev hais lus. Lub Scope ntawm nws scientific nyiam nteg nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, nws tsim nws tus kheej scientific lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus thiab qhib ntau lub sij hawm rau piav qhia thiab.systematization ntawm cov lus. Nws txoj kev koom tes rau kev kawm Lavxias yog qhov zoo heev.
Vinogradov tau tsim cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, raws li kev xav ntawm A. Shakhmatov, nws tau tsim ib txoj kev xav txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hais lus, uas tau teev tseg hauv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb "Lavxias niaj hnub nim no". Nthuav yog nws tej hauj lwm ntawm cov lus dab neeg, uas muab cov kev pab cuam ntawm linguistics thiab sau ntawv thuam thiab tso cai rau koj nkag mus tob rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm cov hauj lwm thiab tus sau cov style. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam scientific yog ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv thuam, lexicology thiab lexicography, nws tau sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus lexical, tsim cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia. Tus kws tshawb fawb yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg sau cov phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.
ua haujlwm zoo
Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb uas muaj ntau yam kev txaus siab tshawb fawb feem ntau tsim cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw, xws li Vinogradov Viktor Vladimirovich. "Russian lus. Cov lus qhuab qhia grammatical ntawm lo lus", "Nyob rau hauv lus dab neeg", "Nyob rau hauv ntawv tseeb" - cov no thiab ntau lwm yam hauj lwm coj koob meej rau tus kws tshawb fawb thiab ua ke nrog kev tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm ntawm stylistics, qauv sau ntawv thiab kev txheeb xyuas kev sau ntawv. Ib qho haujlwm tseem ceeb yog phau ntawv tsis tau tshaj tawm "Cov Lus Keeb Kwm", uas V. V. Vinogradov sau tag nrho nws lub neej.
Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov keeb kwm yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm syntax, cov phau ntawv "Los ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Txoj Kev Kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Syntax" thiab "Cov Lus Nug Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kab Lus Syntax" tau los ua qhov kawg ntawm Vinogradov cov qauv sau ntawv, uas nws tau piav qhia. hom kab lus tseem ceeb, txheeb xyuas hom kev sib txuas lus syntactic.
Cov haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb taumuab lub xeev nqi zog ntawm USSR.
Tus kws tshawb fawb haujlwm
Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov, uas nws biography yeej ib txwm txuam nrog kev kawm txuj ci, ua hauj lwm nyuaj thiab fruitful. Los ntawm 1944 mus rau 1948 nws yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Philological kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow State University, qhov chaw uas nws coj lub department ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus rau 23 xyoo. Xyoo 1945, nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus kws tshaj lij ntawm USSR Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, tau dhau los ntawm cov tswv cuab sib xws. Txij li thaum xyoo 1950, rau 4 xyoos, nws tau coj lub koom haum ntawm Linguistics ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1958, Academician Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus ntawm lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences, uas nws yuav ua rau ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm ib puas xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tuav ntau txoj haujlwm rau pej xeem thiab kev tshawb fawb, nws yog tus thawj coj, tus tswv cuab ntawm ntau lub tebchaws txawv tebchaws thiab tus xibfwb ntawm Prague thiab Budapest universities.
Tuag V. V. Vinogradov Lub Kaum Hli 4, 1969 hauv Moscow.
Pom zoo:
Classical Literature (Lavxias teb sab). Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv classical: ib daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws
Classical cov ntaub ntawv (Lavxias teb sab) yog ib lub tswvyim dav, thiab txhua tus muab lawv lub ntsiab lus rau hauv. Cov neeg tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab classics yeej ib txwm muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zej zog. Lawv yeej tsis ua raws li kev coj ncaj ncees, tsis tau npaj cov lus teb rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm. Cov kws sau ntawv tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm nyuaj rau tus nyeem ntawv thiab yuam kom nws xav txog nws txoj kev daws teeb meem
Keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai txheej txheem thiab ncua sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Periodization ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 19th-20th centuries: rooj
Russian cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tag nrho cov neeg Lavxias. Yog tsis muaj nws, txij li thaum xyoo pua 19th, lub ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai tsis xav txog. Keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai txheej txheem thiab periodization ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv muaj nws tus kheej logic thiab cov yam ntxwv nta. Pib dhau ib txhiab xyoo dhau los, nws qhov tshwm sim txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm peb hnub. Nws yog nws leej twg yuav yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus no
Daim ntawv teev cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws (cov phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws detective phau ntawv: ib daim ntawv teev. Detectives: ib daim ntawv teev cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov kab lus sau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws sau ntawv ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai, uas nws cov haujlwm yuav tsis tso tseg tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kiv cua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam
Npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting. Cov duab ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting
Cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab hnub qub duab los ntawm tus neeg pleev kob Andrei Rublev - "Kev Tshaj Tawm", "Archangel Gabriel", "Descent into Hell" thiab ntau lwm tus - tau paub dav txawm tias cov neeg tsis txaus siab. hauv art
Lavxias teb sab science ntawv tseeb kws sau ntawv Andrey Kruz: phau ntawv sau txog keeb kwm, phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Andrei Cruz yog nplua nuj thiab ntau yam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav qhia koj txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb uas koj tuaj yeem ua kom pom tag nrho ntawm tus sau no. Cia peb tham txog nws txoj hauj lwm thiab koj tus kheej lub neej
