Korean painting: keeb kwm, hom, nta

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Korean paintings suav nrog cov duab kos hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim lossis los ntawm cov neeg Kauslim txawv teb chaws, los ntawm cov duab kos rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Goguryeo tombs mus rau tom qab lub tswv yim kos duab. Cov duab zoo nkauj uas tsim los ntawm Kaus Lim Qab Teb yog ib txwm ua los ntawm kev simplicity, spontaneity thiab naturalism.

Ib hom ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Korean painting

Cov duab kos duab qhia txog Buddha lossis cov hauj sam, thiab Confucian kos duab qhia txog cov kws tshawb fawb lossis cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntsiag to, feem ntau nyob hauv roob, ua raws li kev nyiam ntawm Asian art.

Buddhas nyiam muaj Korean nta thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw so. Cov xim ntawm lub halos yuav tsis tas yuav golden, sib dua xim feem ntau siv. Lub ntsej muag feem ntau muaj tseeb thiab qhia txog tib neeg thiab hnub nyoog. Lub ntsej muag, raws li txoj cai, yog ob-seem, cov khaub ncaws yog peb-dimensional. Raws li nyob rau hauv medieval thiab renaissance western art, khaub ncaws thiab ntsej muag feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ob los yog peb tus kws ua yeeb yam uas tshwj xeeb hauv ib qho kev txawj ntse. Lub iconography ntawm Kauslim paintings yog zoo ib yam nrog cov hauj sam iconography.

Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv cov duab nyiamraws li txoj cai, lawv hnav tsoos headdresses thiab khaub ncaws tsim nyog rau lawv txoj haujlwm. Lawv feem ntau pom tias so los yog nrog lawv cov kws qhia lossis cov kws cob qhia.

Kev yos hav zoov, paub thoob ntiaj teb, feem ntau pom hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab ua rau nco txog Mongolian thiab Persian tua tsiaj.

Thaum lub sijhawm Joseon, cov neeg pleev kob toj roob hauv pes tau pib piav txog cov toj roob hauv pes tiag tiag es tsis yog cov duab zoo nkauj. Realism sai sai kis mus rau lwm yam, thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam tau pib pleev xim rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub hauv Kauslim. Portraits kuj tau los ua ib hom ntawv tseem ceeb, ib yam li cov neeg nyiam ua duab kos duab tsim los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem raws li kev txhim kho tus kheej. Minhwa, cov yeeb yuj dai kom zoo nkauj los ntawm cov kws kos duab Kauslim uas tsis paub txog, tau pleev xim rau ntau yam.

Lub Sijhawm Peb Lub Nceeg Vaj

Txhua ntawm peb lub nceeg vaj, Silla, Baekje thiab Goguryeo, muaj nws tus kheej style ntawm tha xim thiab tsim nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm thaj chaw hauv Suav teb uas lub tebchaws tshwj xeeb muaj kev sib raug zoo. Silla's paintings thaum ntxov yog suav hais tias tsis zoo rau Goguryeo thiab Baekje, lawv muaj ntau dua whimsical thiab dawb, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv tuaj yeem suav tias yuav luag impressionistic. Baekje paintings tsis lean ntawm realism thiab ntau stylized, ua nyob rau hauv ib tug elegant, dawb style. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov paintings ntawm ob lub sij hawm, Goguryeo paintings yog dynamic thiab feem ntau depicted tsov khiav tawm ntawm archers ntawm horseback. Tom qab Silla nqos tau ob lub nceeg vaj, peb qhov sib txawv ntawm cov duab koskoom ua ke rau hauv ib qho, thiab lawv kuj tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog Suav teb.

Kore Dynasty (918-1392)

Lub sijhawm Goryeo (918-1392), muaj ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam, vim tias muaj ntau tus aristocrats tau pleev xim rau kev txawj ntse, thiab kev nce qib ntawm Buddhism tsim ib qho kev xav tau rau cov duab kos duab nrog cov motifs. Txawm hais tias zoo nkauj thiab ua kom zoo nkauj, cov duab kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm no yuav zoo li gaudy los ntawm cov qauv niaj hnub no. Lub sijhawm no, cov kws ua yeeb yam tau pib kos ntau yam xwm txheej raws li lawv qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag, uas tom qab ntawd tau nthuav dav hauv lub sijhawm Joseon.

Thaum lub sijhawm Goryeo Dynasty, muaj cov duab zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ntseeg. Cov duab ntawm lub bodhisattva Avalokitesvara (Gwanum Bosal nyob rau hauv Kauslim) sawv tawm rau lawv elegance thiab sab ntsuj plig.

YJoseon Dynasty (1392-1910)

Cov painting style ntawm Joseon era nyob rau hauv Korean kos duab yog cov feem ntau xyaum niaj hnub no. Qee hom kev pleev xim no muaj nyob rau thaum ntxov Peb Lub Nceeg Vaj thiab lub sijhawm Goryeo, tab sis nws yog lub sijhawm Joseon uas lawv tau tsim. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Confucianism thaum lub sijhawm no tau txhawb kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm kev kos duab. Kev kos duab zoo nkauj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tshwj xeeb, nthuav tawm ntau lub ntsiab lus, kev nkag siab hauv zos, sib piv rau lub sijhawm dhau los. Kev poob ntawm Buddhism raws li cov kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm Kaus Lim Kauslim cov duab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib txawv. Cov duab kos duab ntawm Joseon lub sijhawm feem ntau ua raws li Suav cov duab kos duab, tab sis qee cov kws ua yeeb yam tau sim tsim kom muaj kev sib txawv ntawm Kaus Lim Kauslim siv. Cov txuj ci uas tsis yog Suav thiab pleev xim rau hauv zos toj roob hauv pes thiab scenes ntawm lub neej txhua hnub. Cov cim Korean tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem tuaj yeem pom hauv cov duab kos duab ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag.

Kev kos duab kev cai dab qhuas txuas ntxiv raug tsim tawm thiab txaus siab, txawm tias tsis nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb lawm. Qhov yooj yim ntawm kev kos duab kev kos duab tau tshwm sim hauv cov tsev ntiag tug thiab lub caij ntuj sov palaces ntawm lub dynasty. Kore cov ntaub ntawv hloov zuj zus thiab cov cim kev ntseeg xws li orchids, plum blossoms thiab chrysanthemums, xyoob thiab pob caus tau muab tso rau hauv ib hom duab kos duab ua cov cim ntawm hmoov zoo. Tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv tiag tiag ntawm cov xim lossis cov duab, thiab cov thawj coj ntawm imperial tsis tau sim ua kom muaj cov qauv kev kos duab.

Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum rau, cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv tsev hais plaub tau ua raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev hais plaub hauv Suav. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm yog Kin, Zhu Ken, thiab Yi Sang-cha. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws ua yeeb yam nyiam ua yeeb yam tau pleev xim rau ib txwm nyiam cov ntsiab lus xws li noog, kab, paj, tsiaj txhu, thiab cov Buddha "plaub noble lords". Cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm no yog toj roob hauv pes, minhwa, portraits.

Hnub Noble Gentlemen

Lwm lub npe rau qhov style no yog "plaub noble paj": plum, orchid, chrysanthemum thiab xyoob. Lawv yog cov cim Confucian ntawm plaub yam ntawm tus txiv neej kawm: plum blossoms sawv cev rau siab tawv, xyoob sawv cev rau kev ncaj ncees, orchids yog lub cim ntawm sophistication, chrysanthemums ib tug tsim thiab fruitful lub neej.

Portraits

Portraits tau sau rauthoob plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Kaus Lim Kauslim, tab sis feem ntau ntawm lawv tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm Joseon. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab yog cov vaj ntxwv, cov neeg tsim nyog, cov thawj coj laus, cov kws sau ntawv lossis cov neeg sawv cev, cov poj niam thiab cov hauj sam.

Minghwa

Thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm Joseon, hom kev kos duab pej xeem no tau tshwm sim, tsim los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tsis qhia npe uas ua raws li cov qauv kev cai. Npaj kom muaj hmoov zoo rau tsev neeg, cov duab ntawm cov duab no suav nrog cov hauv qab no: Tsov (lub roob vajtswv), cov cim ntawm kev ua neej nyob ntev (cranes, mos lwj, nceb, pob zeb, dej, huab, hnub, hli, ntoo thuv, thiab vaub kib.); khub noog, symbolizing conjugal hlub; kab thiab paj sawv cev rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm yin thiab yang; thiab cov phau ntawv sawv cev rau kev kawm thiab kev txawj ntse. Cov khoom tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv lub tiaj tiaj, cim lossis txawm tias paub daws teeb meem thiab xim zoo nkauj.

toj roob hauv pes thiab hom painting

Cov style ntawm nruab nrab dynasties tsiv mus rau sublime realism. Lub teb chaws style ntawm toj roob hauv pes painting hu ua "qhov tseeb saib" los yog "lub tsev kawm ntawv toj roob hauv pes tiag tiag" pib tsim, hloov los ntawm cov tsoos suav style ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws toj roob hauv pes mus rau paintings depicting tej chaw uas muaj tseeb sawv cev.

Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov xwm txheej tiag tiag tuaj txog kev coj ua ntawm kev kos duab tiag tiag ntawm tib neeg ua txhua hnub. Ib hom kev kos duab yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws Korean style ntawm painting thiab muab keeb kwm foundations ntawm lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub sij hawm Joseon.

Golden Age

Late Joseon yog suav tias yog lub hnub nyoog kub ntawm Korean painting. Qhov no coincided nrog poob ntawm kev sib cuag nrog Ming dynasty. Kauslim cov kws ua yeeb yam raug yuam kom tsim cov qauv kos duab tshiab hauv teb chaws raws li kev soj ntsuam thiab tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus Korean tshwj xeeb. Lub sijhawm no, Suav kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, thiab Kaus Lim Kauslim kev kos duab tau dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo.

Nyiv txoj haujlwm thiab niaj hnub Kauslim Teb

Thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm Joseon, Western thiab Nyij Pooj cuam tshuam tau tshwm sim ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, shading tau siv thawj zaug hauv portraits. Ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, cov yeeb yam ntawm Suav kev kawm tha xim yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Thaum Nyij Pooj ua haujlwm hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim, txij li nruab nrab xyoo 1880 txog rau xyoo 1945, Kaus Lim Kauslim tau ntsib lub sijhawm nyuaj thaum Nyij Pooj tau sim ua nws tus kheej kab lis kev cai ntawm txhua yam ntawm Kauslim lub neej. Kauslim cov tsev kawm ntawv kos duab raug kaw, cov duab kos duab Kauslim raug rhuav tshem, thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau cov duab Japanese hauv Japanese style. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam uas tseem muaj tseeb rau Kaus Lim Kauslim yuav tsum tau mus nkaum, thiab cov neeg uas kawm hauv Nyij Pooj thiab pleev xim rau hauv Japanese style raug liam tias muaj kev cuam tshuam.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, Kaus Lim Kauslim cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau sib xyaw ua ke rau sab hnub poob rau kev pleev xim. Qee cov neeg ua yeeb yam European impasto yog thawj tus uas tau txais kev txaus siab ntawm Koreans. Cov kws ua yeeb yam xws li Gauguin, Monticelli, Van Gogh, Cezanne, Pissarro tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev vim lawv tau kawm ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev kos duab.cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab cov phau ntawv hais txog lawv tau muab txhais ua lus Kauslim sai sai thiab ua tau yooj yim. Ua tsaug rau lawv, tonal palettes ntawm daj ocher, cadmium daj, Neapolitan daj, thiab sienna tshwm nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Korean painting.

Xim txoj kev xav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov kev pom zoo, thiab tseem tsis muaj qhov sib tshooj ntawm cov duab kos duab thiab cov duab pop, vim tias cov kws kos duab feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kos duab ceramic.