Modernism yog Modernism in art. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm modernism

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Modernism yog kev coj ua hauv kev kos duab, tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tawm mus los ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev muaj tswv yim zoo nkauj mus txog qhov tsis lees paub. Modernism tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thiab nws cov heyday tuaj thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm modernism tau nrog kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv nyeem, kos duab zoo nkauj thiab architecture. Kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab tsis yog ib txwm qiv lawv tus kheej rau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, tab sis qhov xav tau ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab raws li kev hloov pauv twb tau xav thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Rau feem ntau, cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus tau zoo, tab sis qee zaum kev hloov kho tshiab tau coj mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ua tub rog, ib yam li cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam Salvador Dali, uas tau sim ua kom muaj surrealism mus rau qib ntawm kev kos duab yam tsis muaj ncua sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, kab lis kev cai thiab kev kos duab muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm lub sijhawm, yog li tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm lossis ua kom qeeb.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev niaj hnub

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev niaj hnub no tau los ua tus thawj coj hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tab sis tom qab ntawd lub siab xavCov kev hloov pauv hauv kev kos duab pib poob qis, thiab Fab Kis Art Nouveau, German Art Nouveau thiab Lavxias Art Nouveau, uas ua ntej niaj hnub no raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv, tau coj mus rau hauv daim ntawv calmer.

Modernism in art lossis modernist art?

Nws yog nyob ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov kws tsim vaj tsev ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb kev vam meej kom paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv no. Qee cov neeg sawv cev ntawm beau monde hauv kev kos duab tau ntseeg tias kev hloov pauv niaj hnub yog qhov kev hloov pauv ntev, thiab nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub hauv ntej ntawm kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm tag nrho cov kev vam meej, lwm tus tau muab kev hloov kho tshiab rau qee qhov chaw hauv thaj chaw. ntawm art thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Kev sib cav txuas ntxiv mus, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem ua pov thawj lawv rooj plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, modernism hauv kev kos duab tuaj, thiab qhov no tau los ua ib qho kev txhawb siab rau nws txoj kev loj hlob ntxiv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia. Cov kev hloov pauv tsis tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd, lub inertia ntawm lub zej zog cuam tshuam, zoo li feem ntau yog cov ntaub ntawv, kev sib tham ntawm cov qauv tshiab pib, ib tug neeg yog rau kev hloov, ib tug neeg tsis txais lawv. Tom qab ntawd kev kos duab ntawm kev niaj hnub tau los ua ntej, cov thawj coj, cov kws sau ntawv nto moo, cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag, txhua tus neeg uas xav nce qib, pib txhawb txhua yam tshiab, thiab maj mam hloov kho tshiab tau lees paub.

Modernism in fine arts

Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm kev niaj hnub niaj hnub hauv cov duab kos duab, kos duab duab, duab puab thiab lwm yam kev kos duab zoo nkauj tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo. Lub hauv paus tau muab tso rau hauv 1863, thaum lub npe hu uahu ua "Salon of the Outcasts", qhov twg cov neeg ua yeeb yam avant-garde tau sib sau ua ke thiab nthuav tawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Lub npe ntawm lub salon tau hais rau nws tus kheej, cov pej xeem tsis lees paub cov duab kos duab, tsis lees paub nws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm "Salon of the Rejected" qhia tias kev kos duab ntawm niaj hnub no twb tau tos kom lees paub.

Tshaj tawm ntawm modernism

Tsis ntev, cov kev xav niaj hnub no tau tsim cov qauv, cov qauv hauv qab no hauv kev kos duab tau tshwm sim:

• Kev paub daws teeb meem yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kos duab, thaum tus kws kos duab siv sijhawm tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, muab cov xim pleev xim rau ntawm daim ntaub, randomly kov cov duab nrog txhuam, random siv strokes.
• Dadaism - tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm ib tug collage, layout ntawm canvas ntawm ob peb fragments ntawm tib yam kev kawm. Cov duab feem ntau yog imbued nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsis lees paub, ib txoj hauv kev cynical rau lub ncauj lus. Cov style tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib thiab dhau los ua qhov kev xav ntawm qhov kev cia siab uas muaj nyob hauv zej zog.
• Cubism - randomly teem geometric duab. Cov style nws tus kheej yog heev artistic, tiag masterpieces nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm cubism tau tsim los ntawm Pablo Picasso. Tus kws kos duab Paul Cezanne tau mus txog nws txoj haujlwm sib txawv - nws cov canvases kuj suav nrog hauv lub txhab nyiaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb kos duab.
• Post-impressionism yog qhov tsis lees paub qhov tseeb pom thiab hloov cov duab tiag tiag nrog cov duab zoo nkauj. Ib tus qauv nrog lub peev xwm zoo, tab sis tsuas yog Vincent van Gogh thiab Paul Gauguin paub nws tag nrho.

Surrealism, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg niaj hnub

Surrealism yog kev npau suav thiab kev muaj tiag, kev kos duab zoo tiag tiag uas qhia txog cov kev xav txawv tshaj plaw. Cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab Surrealist tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Salvador Dali, Ernst Fuchs thiab Arno Breker, uas ua ke ua "Golden Daim duab peb sab ntawm Surrealism".

Ntxim ntxoov ntxoo painting style

Fauvism yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas ua rau muaj kev xav ntawm kev mob siab rau thiab lub zog, uas yog tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm cov xim thiab "tsiaj qus" nthuav tawm ntawm cov xim. Cov zajlus ntawm daim duab kuj yog nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov verge ntawm huab. Cov thawj coj ntawm cov qauv no yog Henri Matisse thiab André Derain.

Organics hauv art

Futurism - kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv kev kos duab ntawm cubism thiab fomism, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov xim sib xyaw nrog kev sib tshuam ntawm cov kab ncaj nraim, daim duab peb sab thiab cov ces kaum. Lub zog ntawm daim duab yog siv tag nrho, txhua yam hauv daim duab yog nyob rau hauv kev txav, lub zog tuaj yeem taug qab hauv txhua qhov mob stroke.

Tus qauv ntawm Georgian tus kws kos duab Niko Pirosmani

Primitivism yog ib qho duab kos duab hauv cov qauv ntawm kev xav thiab kev sim ua kom yooj yim, ua rau muaj kev kos duab thaum ub zoo li kev ua haujlwm ntawm menyuam yaus lossis phab ntsa paintings nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua ntawm cov pab pawg neeg thaum ub. Cov qauv qub ntawm daim duab tsis txo qis nws cov kev kos duab yog tias nws kos los ntawm tus kws kos duab tiag. Tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm primitivism yog Niko Pirosmani.

Literary modernism

Niaj hnub nimno nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tau hloov cov classical canons ntawm zaj dab neeg. Tsim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, style ntawm kev sau ntawv dab neeg, dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg luv luv maj mam pib qhia cov cim ntawm stagnation, ib tug tej yam monotony ntawm kev nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd cov kws sau ntawv tau pib tig mus rau lwm yam, yav tas los tsis tau siv kev txhais lus ntawm lub tswv yim kos duab. Cov neeg nyeem tau muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav thiab kev xav. Qhov no yog li cas cov style tau tshwm sim, uas tau txais lub ntsiab lus ntawm "kwj ntawm kev nco qab", raws li kev nkag mus tob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov cim. Qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev niaj hnub hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov tshiab los ntawm American kws sau ntawv William Faulkner hu ua The Sound and the Fury.

Txhua tus phab ej ntawm cov ntawv tshiab raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm qhov pom ntawm nws lub neej txoj hauv kev, kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev ntshaw. Faulkner cov txheej txheem yog ncaj ncees, vim hais tias nws yog precisely vim hais tias ntawm ib tug conscientious thiab nyob rau hauv-tob tsom xam ntawm tus cwj pwm tus cwj pwm uas ib tug nthuav zaj dab neeg tau txais. Vim nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav kev sau ntawv, William Faulkner suav nrog "golden tsib" ntawm cov kws sau ntawv hauv Tebchaws Meskas, nrog rau ob tus kws sau ntawv - John Steinbeck thiab Scott Fitzgerald, uas sim ua raws li txoj cai ntawm kev tsom xam tob hauv lawv txoj haujlwm..

Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Modernism hauv cov ntawv nyeem:

• W alt Whitman, paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws cov paj huam sau paj huam.
• Charles Baudelaire - sau paj huam "Flowers of Evil".
• Arthur Rambo - poetic tej hauj lwm ntawm "Illumination", "Ib lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv ntuj raug txim".
• Fyodor Dostoevsky nrog cov haujlwm "Cov Kwv Tij Karamazov" thiab "Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev rau txim", qhov no yog Lavxias niaj hnub niaj hnub hauv tebchaws Russia.ntaub ntawv.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev coj cov vector quab yuam cuam tshuam rau cov neeg sau ntawv - cov tsim ntawm kev niaj hnub, tau ua los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb: Henri Bergson, William James, Friedrich Nietzsche thiab lwm tus. Sigmund Freud tsis tau sawv ib sab.

thawj peb caug xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th pom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntawv sau los ntawm kev niaj hnub.

Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm niaj hnub no, cov kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam hauv qab no sawv tawm:

• Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) - Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug nrog txoj hmoo phem, uas tau ploj nws tsev neeg thaum lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim txom Stalin. Nws yog tus sau ntau phau ntawv paj huam, nrog rau cov paj huam nto moo "Requiem".
• Franz Kafka (1883-1924) yog tus kws sau ntawv Austrian muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas nws cov haujlwm tau suav tias yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Thaum lub neej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv, nws cov dab neeg tsis tau luam tawm. Tom qab Kafka tuag, tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm, txawm lub fact tias nws tus kheej categorically tsis pom zoo rau qhov no thiab, txawm nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, conjured nws executors hlawv cov dab neeg tam sim ntawd tom qab nws tuag. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov ntawv sau tseg, vim lawv mus ntawm tes mus rau tes, thiab tsis muaj ib tus neeg qhuas nws yuav rov qab los rau tus sau.
• William Faulkner (1898-1962) - tus yeej ntawm Nobel nqi zog hauv Kev Sau Ntawv hauv xyoo 1949, uas tau los ua nto moo rau kev tsim tag nrho cov lus tseeb hauv cheeb tsam hauv Asmeskas sab nraud hu ua Yoknapatotha, populated nrog cov cim thiab pib piav qhia lawv lub neej. Faulkner tej hauj lwm muaj ib tug incredibly complex qauvtus cwj pwm, tab sis yog tus nyeem tswj tuav cov xov ntawm cov lus piav qhia, ces nws twb tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem nws tawm ntawm qhov tshiab, zaj dab neeg luv luv lossis zaj dab neeg luv luv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Asmeskas nto moo.
• Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg ntseeg siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntseeg niaj hnub hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg xav tsis thoob nrog lawv lub neej-kev lees paub lub zog. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, tus kws sau ntawv tau npau taws rau Asmeskas cov tub ceev xwm, nws tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tsis txaus ntseeg, cov txheej txheem siv los ntawm CIA los yeej Hemingway rau lawv sab yog absurd. Nws tag nrho tau xaus nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab kev tso chaw ib ntus hauv lub tsev kho mob puas siab puas ntsws. Tus kws sau ntawv tsuas muaj ib txoj kev hlub hauv lub neej - nws rab phom tua tsiaj. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2, 1961, Hemingway tau tua nws tus kheej nrog rab phom no.
• Thomas Mann (1875-1955) - Tus kws sau ntawv German, kws sau ntawv, yog ib tus kws sau ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Yelemes. Tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm yog permeated nrog kev nom kev tswv, tab sis lawv tsis poob lawv artistic nqi los ntawm qhov no. Eroticism kuj tsis yog neeg txawv teb chaws rau Mann txoj haujlwm, ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no yog qhov tshiab "Confession of the Adventurer Felix Krul". Lub protagonist ntawm kev ua hauj lwm zoo li tus cwj pwm ntawm Oscar Wilde, Dorian Grey. Cov cim qhia txog kev niaj hnub hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Thomas Mann yog qhov pom tseeb.
• Marcel Proust (1871-1922) - tus kws sau ntawv Fab Kis, tus sau xya phau ntawv "Nrhiav Lub Sijhawm Lost", uas tau raug suav hais tias yog ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Proust yog ib tug staunch follower ntawm modernism raws li txoj kev vam meej tshaj plaws ntawm kev sau ntawv.
• Virginia Woolf (1882-1942) -Cov kws sau ntawv Askiv, suav tias yog cov neeg ntseeg siab tshaj plaws ntawm "kwj ntawm kev nco qab". Niaj hnub nimno yog rau tus sau lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws lub neej tag nrho, ntxiv rau ntau cov dab neeg, Virginia Woolf muaj ob peb zaj duab xis adaptations ntawm nws tej hauj lwm.

Ntawm ntawv nyeem tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam txog kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob.

Architectural Modernism

Cov kab lus "modernism hauv architecture" hais txog peb lub sij hawm "modern architecture", vim muaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm no. Tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm modernism tsis yog ib txwm txhais tau hais tias "modern", lo lus "modern" yog tsim nyog ntawm no. Niaj hnub nimno thiab niaj hnub yog ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv.

Cov architecture ntawm modernism txhais tau tias yog qhov pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pioneers ntawm niaj hnub architecture thiab lawv cov dej num nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, los ntawm 20s mus rau 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Niaj hnub nimno architecture hnub los ntawm cov duab tom qab. Qhov qhia tsib caug xyoo yog lub sij hawm ntawm modernism nyob rau hauv architecture, lub sij hawm ntawm tshwm sim ntawm tshiab tiam sis.

Tshaj tawm hauv architectural modernism

Architectural modernism - cov no yog cov chaw sib cais ntawm architecture, xws li European kev ua haujlwm ntawm xyoo 1920 thiab 30s lossis kev hloov tsis tau ntawm kev xav ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture ntawm nees nkaum xyoo, thaum ntau txhiab lub tsev tau tsim raws li ib qhov project. Qhov no yog German Bauhaus, Art Deco hauv Fabkis, thoob ntiaj teb style, organic architecture, kev ua phem. Tag nrhocov saum toj no yog cov ceg ntawm tib tsob ntoo - architectural modernism.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev niaj hnub hauv architecture yog: Le Corbusier, Oscar Niemeyer, Richard Neutra, W alter Gropius, Frank Lloyd Wright thiab lwm tus.

modernism hauv suab paj nruag

Modernism yog kev hloov ntawm cov qauv hauv cov ntsiab lus, thiab hauv kev ua suab paj nruag, kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov lus qhia dav dav ntawm haiv neeg haiv neeg ntawm haiv neeg. Cov kev vam meej tam sim no ntawm ntu kab lis kev cai yog inevitably nrog kev hloov pauv hauv ntiaj teb ntawm suab paj nruag. Modernity dictates nws tej yam kev mob rau cov suab paj nruag cov tsev kawm ntawv uas yog nyob rau hauv kev ncig hauv zej zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kab lis kev cai ntawm niaj hnub tsis hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov suab paj nruag classical.