Austrian classics. Great Austrian Composers

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Austria muaj cov kab lis kev cai nplua nuj yav dhau los thiab tam sim no. Nws inhabitants hwm lawv cov kev cai, tuav ntau festivals thiab lwm yam txheej xwm. Cov Austrian classics tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho tib neeg kab lis kev cai. Lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag ntawm lub teb chaws no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nto moo. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov npe nrov hauv kev sau ntawv.

Cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua 19: ib daim ntawv teev npe

• Adalbert Stifter.
• YJohann Nepomuk Nestroy.
• YCarl Emil Franzoz
• Ludwig Anzengruber.
• Leopold von Sacher-Masoch.
• YMarie von Ebner-Eschenbach.
• Nikolaus Lenau.
• YPeter Rosegger.
• Ferdinand Raimund.
• Franz Grillparzer.
• Ferdinand von Zaar.
• Charles Silsfield.

Ntawm Austrian kab lis kev cai

Austrian paj huam yog peculiar thiab txawv txawv. Nws muaj nws cov lus tshwj xeeb thiab style, tshwj xeeb txoj hauv kev thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev xa lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej.

Nws yog nyob rau xyoo pua 19th uas muaj kev sib koom siab thiab kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv Austria. Austriancov classics ntawm lub xyoo pua no tau mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev kos duab.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab txog kab lis kev cai ntawm lub tebchaws zoo li no yog tias koj nyeem lossis mloog cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim tawm no superficially thiab indifferently. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab txog lawv cov ntsiab lus, lub ntsiab lus tob. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd yuav tsim kev tsim tawm los ntawm sab amazing.

Yog tias koj "lov" qhov qhuav thiab ntxhib ntawm Franz Grillparzer cov paj huam, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus hauv nws lub ntiaj teb.

Yog tias koj kov yeej qhov ntev ntawm cov lus piav qhia los ntawm Adalbert Stifter, ces txhua lo lus yuav raug pom tias yog kev piav qhia tsis meej thiab quiveringly subtle. Lub ntsiab lus tob nyob hauv cov paj huam ntawm Georg Trakl. Yog tias koj kov yeej qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb sab nraud ntawm nws cov kab, ces tus kws sau paj huam no yuav nthuav dav heev rau ntau tus.

Lub Austrian classics zoo li txhob txwm tshaj tawm ncig lawv lub ntiaj teb nrog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv los ntawm kev saj tsis zoo, insipidity thiab vulgarity ntau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th (tsis yog xwb).

Tus tsim muaj tseeb yuav tsis tso nws txoj haujlwm mus rau txoj kev hlub tshua ntawm txoj hmoo. Nws yooj yim dua rau nws kom nkag siab yuam kev niaj hnub no. Cia nws tshwm sim tom qab. Tab sis nws tsis xav kom muaj kev to taub yuam kev lawm.

Austrian cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th

Lub xyoo pua 19 rau Austria yog "bourgeois" era. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua no muaj kev sib cais nyob rau hauv cov kev cai lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws. Kev lom zem yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis xav tias yog vim li cas nws yog Viennese operetta uas kov yeej tag nrho lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub tswvyim ntawm "Viennese pej xeem ua yeeb yam" poob nws lub ntsiab lus qub. Nws yog pom tseeb heev tias nyob rau hauv xws li tej yam kev mob cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim sawv cev ntawmneeg. Nws yog cov ntaub ntawv uas German thiab Slavic kab lis kev cai tau sib cuam tshuam zoo.

Lub ntsiab lus Slavic tau zoo siab heev rau cov neeg sau ntawv Austrian. Cov xwm txheej keeb kwm "Kev Zoo Siab thiab Kev Tuag ntawm Vaj Ntxwv Ottokar" yog ib qho haujlwm zoo ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Nws tau sau los ntawm Austrian kws sau ntawv Franz Grillparzer. Nws kuj yog tus tswv ua yeeb yam zoo heev "Libusha". Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Adalbert Stifter, lub ntsiab lus Slavic nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb.

Maria von Ebner-Eschenbach yog lwm tus kws sau ntawv zoo. Nws tau hais ncaj qha rau Slavs: nws los ntawm tsev neeg aristocratic ntawm Dubsky.

Cov kws sau ntawv zoo ntawm Austria nyob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj ua npau suav txog kev phooj ywg thiab kev thaj yeeb ntawm tib neeg. Tag nrho cov no tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau hauv lawv cov haujlwm zoo heev.

Cov ntaub ntawv luv luv txog Austrian kws sau paj huam

Austrian kws sau paj lug tau pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm lawv lub teb chaws. Lawv cov ntawv zoo kawg nkaus yog nyiam los ntawm cov neeg nyeem uas nkag siab thiab txaus siab rau lawv txoj haujlwm.

Georg Trakl (1887-1914) nyob, raws li peb pom, tsawg heev. Tsuas yog 27 xyoo xwb. Nws yug hauv Salzburg thaum Lub Ob Hlis 3, 1887. Paj huam pib sau los ntawm gymnasium xyoo. Nws muaj xws li plays: "Hnub ntawm Obedience", "Fata Morgana", "Mary Magdalene", "Dreamland". Los ntawm 1910 txog 1911 nws tau ua tub rog. Txij li thaum 1912 nws tau ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub zej zog kev sau ntawv "Pan". Ib xyoos tom qab, nws thawj phau ntawv paj huam tau luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv 1914 nws raug sau rau hauv cov tub rog. Nws pom ntawm nws lub qhov muag pom kev ntshai ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Nws lub siab tsis zoo thiab nws tua tus kheej.

Rene Carl MariaRilke nyob hauv 1875-1926. Txij xyoo 1894, nws thawj zaj dab neeg tau luam tawm, nrog rau kev sau Lub Neej thiab Nkauj.

Ob xyoos tom qab, nws qhov kev sau thib ob tau tso tawm - "Cov Neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Larams". Xyoo 1897 nws tau mus xyuas Venice thiab tom qab ntawd Berlin, qhov chaw nws nyob. Ntawm no nws tsim peb phau ntawv paj huam ntxiv. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm tus kws sau Lou Andreas-Salome. Nyob rau hauv 1899 nws tuaj rau Russia. Ntawm no nws tau ntsib Leonid Pasternak, Ilya Repin, Leo Tolstoy, Boris Pasternak thiab ntau lwm tus kws ua yeeb yam.

Txiv mus rau Paris xyoo 1901. Txog thaum nws tuag, nws tau hais nrog Marina Tsvetaeva, uas nws tsis tau ntsib. Tuag 1926.

Stefan Zweig

Tus kws sau ntawv Stefan Zweig (1881-1942) yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws Austrian classic. Yug hauv Vienna. Xyoo 1905 nws mus rau Paris. Los ntawm 1906 nws mus rau Ltalis, Spain, Is Nrias teb, Tebchaws USA, Cuba. Xyoo 1917-1918 nws nyob hauv Switzerland. Tom qab tsov rog, nws nyob ze Salzburg. Nyob rau hauv 1901, nws thawj phau ntawv, Silver Strings, tau luam tawm. Nws yog phooj ywg nrog cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe xws li Rilke, Rolland, Maserel, Rodin, Mann, Hesse, Wells thiab ntau lwm tus. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog xyoo, nws tau sau ib tsab ntawv txog Rolland - "Lub siab ntawm Europe". Tus sau tau paub dav rau nws cov dab neeg luv luv "Amok", "Tsis meej pem ntawm kev xav", "Chess tshiab". Zweig feem ntau tsim cov ntawv keeb kwm nthuav dav, ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv 1935 nws sau phau ntawv The Triumph and Tragedy of Erasmus of Rotterdam. Lub Ob Hlis 22, 1942, nws thiab nws tus poj niam tau noj tshuaj tsaug zog ntau thiabtuag. Nws categorically tsis lees paub lub ntiaj teb no.

Composers ntawm Austria

Austrian classical composers ua rau ntau tus neeg koom nrog tag nrho cov kev kos duab. Cov npe ntawm cov kws tshaj lij tshaj lij thiab cov kws ntaus suab paj nruag hauv Austria yog staggering hauv nws cov peev txheej. Nov yog:

• Franz Joseph Haydn.
• Johann Nepomuk Hummel.
• YKarl Dittersdorf.
• YSimon Zechter.
• Leopold Mozart.
• Ignaz Holzbauer.
• Anselm Huttenbrenner.
• Carl Czerny.
• YJohann Schenck.
• Anton Eberl.
• YFranz Schubert.
• Wolfgang Mozart.



• Alban Berg.
• Anton Bruckner.
• Ignaz Brüll.
• Anton von Webern.
• Egon Welles.
• Hans Gal.
• Hermann Grabner.
• Johann Nepomuk David.
• Franz von Suppe.
• Fritz Kreisler.
• Wilhelm Kinzl.
• YJosef Lanner.
• YJoseph Messner.
• Felix Motl.
• YKarl Millöcker.
• Sigismund Thalberg.
• Karl Rankl.
• Leo Fall.
• Karl Zeller.
• Arnold Schoenberg.
• YJosef Strauss.
• YJohann Strauss.
• YGustav Mahler.



• Hans Erich Apostel.
• Friedrich Wildhans.
• Franz Salmhofer.
• Ernst Ksheneck.

Franz Joseph Haydn

Austrian composer, tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Viennese classical tsev kawm ntawv. Nws raug rau ntau hom. Nws sau 104symphonies, 83 quartets, 52 piano sonatas, as well as oratorios, operas thiab masses nyob rau hauv nws keeb kwm. Nws yug rau lub Peb Hlis 31, 1732 hauv Rorau. Nws txawj ua si ntau yam twj paj nruag ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm 1759-1761. tau ua haujlwm nrog suav Mortsin, thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm tus lwm-kapellmeister ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Prince Esterhazy. Thaum pib ntawm qhov kev pabcuam, nws tau tsim cov suab paj nruag feem ntau. Qhov no yog ib tug triptych ntawm lub symphonies "Morning", "Noon", "Zoo thiab cua daj cua dub". Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1660s thiab thaum ntxov 1670s, nws sau symphonies loj thiab ua yeeb yam. "Kev tsis txaus siab", "Kev quaj ntsuag", "Kev txom nyem", "Farewell" tshwj xeeb. Lub sijhawm no nws tau sau kaum yim txoj hlua quartets. Haydn Joseph kuj tau sau operas. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws yog "Pharmacist", "Deceived infidelity", "Lunar world", "Rewarded loy alty", "Roland the paladin", "Armida". Nyob rau hauv 1787 nws sau tau rau quartets. Cov kws tshawb fawb sau tseg tias lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm concertos ntawm Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Esterhazy (1790), Haydn tau txais kev ywj pheej muaj tswv yim thiab lub sijhawm taug kev mus rau lwm lub nroog. Hauv London, nws tsim kaum ob zaj nkauj kawg. Tuag hauv Vienna thaum Lub Peb Hlis 31, 1809.

Zaj lus

Yog li, Austrian classics tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho tib neeg kab lis kev cai. Austrian paj huam yog txawv los ntawm nws cov lus txawv txawv thiab style. Yuav kom nkag siab txog kab lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws zoo kawg no, koj yuav tsum nyeem lossis mloog cov haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab ntawm nws cov classics xav thiab ua tib zoo, sim ntes lawv cov ntsiab lus. Thiab kev tsim yuav qhib los ntawm ib sab uas tsis tau xav txog.