Tsev. Qhov no yog dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Lo lus "npog" muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus thiab siv ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv architecture thiab kev tsim kho, qhov no yog ib tug protruding qauv; nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nqaij daim tawv, lub sij hawm "pob pob txha taub hau" yog pom. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, lo lus no yog kwv yees li tib lub ntsiab lus.

Lub tsev nyob hauv architecture thiab kev tsim kho

Txawm tias nyob rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog, lub pob zeb ntawm phab ntsa tau txais koob meej, nws tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Romanesque style hauv architecture. Cov qauv no tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm abutments, nyob ib sab ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm pem hauv ntej sab thiab muab tso rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm ib leeg, opposite cov chaw uas lub girth arches ntawm lub vaults abut tiv thaiv phab ntsa.

Buttress yog cov qauv ntsug uas ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm lub tsev thiab siv rau kev siv dag zog ntawm sab nraub qaum. Qhov hla ntawm cov khoom siv no loj dua thaum nws mus txog lub hauv paus stepwise los yog hauv daim duab peb sab. Thaum cov khoom me me tshwm sim, nws ntu ntu tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ib yam, nce mus txog tus pilaster zoo li.

muaj pob tw:

• stepped;
• ntsug;
• lub teeb;
• ncig.

Lub Romanesque kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse gravitated rau kev tsim kho vaj tse coj mus rau pem hauv ntej, vim hais tias cov architects ntawm lub sij hawm txiav txim siab hais tias ib tug stepped qauv yuav tsim nyog thiab feem ntau txhim khu kev qha ntawm no. Lub qhov taub ntsug nyob hauv qhov chaw tsawg dua hauv nroog. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los siv hauv cov chaw nyob uas tsis muaj chaw txaus rau cov tsev. Lub teeb yuag yog hom tshiab ntawm kev tsim kho, qee qhov kev ruaj ntseg rov qab los rau nws los ntawm kev txhim kho lub pob zeb turret nyob rau sab sauv. Lub sijhawm kawg ntawm Gothic yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm erection ntawm kaum pob zeb, uas tau muab tso rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 ° rau ntawm phab ntsa.

Buttresses hauv Gothic architecture

Cov kab ke hauv Gothic architecture suav nrog cov txheej txheem tsim kho tshwj xeeb, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rov faib cov khoom ntawm lub tsev thiab ua kom qab nthab thiab phab ntsa ob peb zaug sib dua. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tsim kho vaj tse no ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, nws muaj peev xwm nce qhov siab thiab thaj tsam ntawm cov qauv ntau zaus. Lub tsev pheeb suab ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Gothic architecture. Qhov no yog ib tug transverse phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov pob zeb, nrog rau cov uas lawv tsa ib tug ya lub taub hau - ib tug txheej semi-arch, tav - ib tug protruding tav. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau tsim nrog lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, lawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim kho.

Buttress yog ib tug ncej haib, ib tug ntsug erected qauv uas yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa loads, counteracts expansion ntawm lub vaults. Thaum Nub Ncauj Ncauj Ncauj Ncaig, lawv tsis ntsoos nws tawm tsamphab ntsa ntawm chav tsev, thiab nqa tawm sab nraud, rau qee qhov kev ncua deb, txuas nrog lub tsev nrog kev pab cuam pov tseg arches-flying buttresses. Qhov no yog qhov txaus los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom thauj ntawm cov kab txhawb nqa deb ntawm phab ntsa. Cov qauv ntawm cov pob tw lawv tus kheej tau ua ntsug, tsis tu ncua inclined thiab stepped.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsev tsim nyob hauv Gothic architecture zoo li no: lub tsev teev ntuj tsis muab tag nrho nws cov khoom thauj mus rau phab ntsa, thiab lub siab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig vault directs tav thiab arches rau pillars (kem), buttresses thiab ya. buttresses siv rau lateral thrust. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib koom ua ke, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov tsev nrog ntau lub qhov rais, kos duab kos duab thiab duab puab tau nrov.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Gothic architecture pib koom nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb, nce toj-sloping vault zoo li, uas ua rau qis qis rau sab nraud, tso cai rau feem ntau ntawm lub siab raug xa mus rau cov piers. Cov arches, zoo li cov xub, ua taw tes, elongated. Thiab lawv tau ua cov khoom rau lub embodiment ntawm lub ntsiab lub tswv yim ntawm Gothic - lub aspiration ntawm lub tuam tsev upward. Heev feem ntau, cov pinnacles tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov ya ya saum huab cua so ntawm lub taub qab.

Siv cov qauv niaj hnub no

Nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab siv phab ntsa pob zeb rau cov tsev qis, yog tias cov ntsiab lus sab nraud yog tilted (muab tias muaj ib qho chaw rau kev txhim kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab lawv tsis ua mob rau cov architecture). Qhov teeb meem tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov qauv no yog lawv cov kev tsim kho ntawm qhov ntiav ntiavcov hauv paus, vim tias tom qab frosty heaving ntawm cov av, cov pob tw muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tau txais cov yob txaus ntshai. Kuj tseem muaj lwm qhov tsis muaj zog hauv kev tsim cov ntsiab lus no - nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus.

Ntawm qhov twg yog cov pob tw pom

Nyob rau hauv lub cev thiab tshuaj, lo lus no kuj tau siv, thiab nws muaj lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, cov pob txha taub hau ntawm pob txha taub hau yog cov kev ua haujlwm uas ua rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thaum zom, thiab tseem ua rau lub tshuab ua kom zoo los ntawm kev kaw cov hniav. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv ua rau poob siab thiab tsis muaj zog thaum lub sijhawm txav ntawm tag nrho tib neeg lub cev (thaum taug kev, dhia, khiav). Lub puab tsaig ntawm lub puab tsaig yog thickenings thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov qauv ntawm pob txha taub hau.