Bryusov Valery Yakovlevich, luv luv biography thiab creativity

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Valery Bryusov yog tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias zoo tshaj ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj. Tab sis qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws txoj haujlwm tsis txwv rau kev txheeb xyuas. Nws tau tsim nws tus kheej ua tus txawj sau ntawv prose, neeg sau xov xwm thiab sau ntawv thuam. Nrog rau qhov no, Bryusov tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv txhais lus. Thiab nws cov kev txawj hauv lub koom haum tau pom lawv txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm kho kho.

Poet's family

Ib tug luv luv biography ntawm Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj ib zaj dab neeg txog tus kws sau paj lug tsev neeg. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txhawm rau nrhiav kev piav qhia txog qhov muaj ntau yam txuj ci tseem ceeb hauv ib tus neeg. Thiab tsev neeg ntawm Valery Bryusov yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws tus kheej ntau yam tau tsim.

Yog li, Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov, yug hauv 1873, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1 (13), hauv tsev neeg ntawm cov tub lag luam nplua nuj, uas muaj npe nrov rau cov neeg zoo. Tus kws sau paj huam niam txiv yawg, Alexander Yakovlevich Bakulin, yog ib tug tub lag luam thiab kws sau paj huam-fabulist los ntawm ib tsev neeg ua lag luam nplua nuj nyob hauv nroog Yelets. Nrog suav tsis txheebtus naj npawb ntawm cov dab neeg nyob rau hauv yawg koob archive yog dab neeg, dab neeg luv luv, paj huam, lyrical paj huam sau los ntawm nws tsis muaj kev cia siab rau ib tug nyeem.

Kev mob siab rau tus kheej rau cov ntawv nyeem thiab ua npau suav ntawm kev mob siab rau nws tus kheej nkaus xwb, Alexander Yakovlevich raug yuam kom koom nrog kev ua lag luam tag nrho nws lub neej thiaj li muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa nws tsev neeg. Ntau xyoo tom qab, tus tub xeeb ntxwv nto moo yuav kos npe rau qee yam ntawm nws cov hauj lwm nrog nws yawg npe.

Los ntawm nws txiv sab, Valery Bryusov muaj ib tug yawm txiv zoo sib xws. Kuzma Andreevich yog ib tug serf ntawm lub ces nto moo av tswv Bruce. Li no lub xeem. Nyob rau hauv 1859, kuv yawg yuav ib tug dawb khoom vaj tse los ntawm tus tswv av, tawm Kostroma thiab tsiv mus rau Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lub peev, Kuzma Andreevich tau los ua ib tug neeg ua lag luam muaj kev vam meej thiab yuav ib lub tsev ntawm Tsvetnoy Boulevard, nyob rau hauv uas nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv tom qab, Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov, yug thiab nyob ntev.

Valery Yakovlevich txiv, Yakov Kuzmich Bryusov, kuj yog tub lag luam thiab kws sau paj huam, tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv me. Nws yog leej txiv uas xa thawj zaj paj huam ntawm nws tus tub, uas tau luam tawm, mus rau tus editor ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm. Paj huam hu ua "Letter to the Editor", Valery thaum ntawd muaj 11 xyoos.

Bryusov tus viv ncaus, Nadezhda Yakovlevna (1881-1951), zoo li ntau hauv tsev neeg, yog ib tus neeg muaj tswv yim thiab muaj suab paj nruag. Nws tau los ua ib tug xibfwb ntawm Moscow Conservatory. Nws muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb txog suab paj nruag pedagogy thiab pej xeem suab paj nruag. Thiab tus kwv yau ntawm Valery Bryusov, Alexander Yakovlevich (1885-1966), yog ib tug archaeologist thiab kws kho mob ntawm keeb kwm sciences, uas tau sau tej hauj lwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub Neolithic thiab. Hnub nyoog Bronze.

Tus kws sau paj lug thaum yau

Hauv kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum yau ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, Valery Bryusov raug tso tseg rau nws tus kheej, vim nws niam nws txiv tsis tau them nyiaj ntau rau kev loj hlob ntawm lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov menyuam yaus raug txwv tsis pub nyeem cov ntaub ntawv kev cai dab qhuas vim lawv niam lawv txiv yog cov neeg ntseeg Vajtswv thiab cov neeg siv khoom ruaj khov. Tom qab ntawd, Bryusov nco qab tias nws niam nws txiv tau qhia nws txog cov ntsiab cai ntawm materialism thiab cov tswv yim ntawm Darwin ua ntej lawv qhia nws suav. Lwm yam ntaub ntawv hauv tsev neeg tau tso cai, yog li cov tub ntxhais hluas Bryusov nqus tau txhua yam: los ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Jules Verne mus rau cov ntawv tshiab.

Tag nrho lawv cov menyuam, suav nrog Valery, tau txais kev kawm zoo los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv. Nyob rau hauv 1885, thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum ib, nws pib kawm nyob rau hauv lub private classical gymnasium ntawm F. I. Kreiman, thiab tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv lub thib ob qib. Thaum xub thawj, cov tub ntxhais hluas Bryusov muaj lub sijhawm nyuaj heev: nws tau nyiaj dhau kev thuam los ntawm cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm thiab muaj kev nyuaj rau kev siv cov kev txwv thiab kev txiav txim. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev nws yeej qhov kev pom zoo ntawm nws cov phooj ywg nrog nws cov kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse ua tus neeg piav dab neeg. Valery tuaj yeem rov hais dua tag nrho cov phau ntawv nrog kev txaus siab thiab kev txaus siab, sib sau ntau tus neeg mloog nyob ib puag ncig nws. Tab sis rau kev xav dawb thiab tsis ntseeg Vajtswv hauv xyoo 1889, tus tub kawm Bryusov raug ntiab tawm.

Tom qab ntawd nws tab tom kawm ntawm lwm lub gymnasium ntiag tug. Lub tsev kawm ntawv no yog tus tswv los ntawm qee yam L. I. Polivanov, tus kws qhia zoo, uas nws kev cob qhia muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub ntiaj teb kev xav ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Bryusov. Nyob rau hauv 1893 nws ua tiavkawm tiav los ntawm gymnasium thiab nkag mus rau Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Keeb Kwm thiab Philology ntawm Moscow University, kawm tiav hauv 1899.

thawj kev sau ntawv

Tam sim no thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum peb, Valery paub tseeb tias nws yuav dhau los ua tus kws sau paj huam. Kawm ntawm Kreyman gymnasium, cov tub ntxhais hluas Bryusov sau paj huam zoo nkauj thiab luam tawm ib phau ntawv sau tes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws thawj qhov kev paub hauv kev sau ntawv tau tshwm sim. Tau lees paub, cov dab neeg thaum ntxov yog me ntsis boxy.

Raws li ib tug hluas, Bryusov mob siab rau cov paj huam ntawm Nekrasov thiab Nadson. Tom qab ntawd, nrog tib lub siab nyiam, nws nyeem cov hauj lwm ntawm Mallarmé, Verlaine thiab Baudelaire, uas qhib lub ntiaj teb ntawm Fabkis cov cim rau cov tub ntxhais hluas kws sau paj lug.

Nyob hauv qab lub npe Valery Maslov hauv 1894-1895. Bryusov luam tawm peb collections "Lavxias teb sab Symbolists", qhov uas nws luam tawm nws cov paj huam nyob rau hauv ntau yam pseudonym. Ua ke nrog cov paj huam, Bryusov suav nrog hauv kev sau cov haujlwm ntawm nws tus phooj ywg A. A. Miropolsky thiab tus hlub opium, mystic kws sau paj lug A. M. Dobrolyubov. Cov ntawv sau tau thuam los ntawm cov neeg thuam, tab sis qhov no tsis cuam tshuam Bryusov los ntawm kev sau paj huam nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub cim, tab sis qhov opposite.

Youth of a genius

Txuas ntxiv cov lus piav qhia ntawm luv luv biography Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tso tawm thawj cov paj huam los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas kws sau paj lug (Bryusov yog 22 lub sijhawm ntawd). Nws hu nws cov ntawv sau "Masterpieces", uas rov ua rau chuckles thiab tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg thuam, raws li tus neeg lub npe tsis sib haum rau cov ntsiab lus.

Cov tub ntxhais hluas impudence, narcissism thiab arrogance yog yam ntxwv ntawm tus kws sau paj lug Bryusov ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd. “Kuv cov hluas yog cov hluas uas txawj ntse. kuv nyobthiab ua li ntawd tsuas yog ua haujlwm zoo tuaj yeem ua pov thawj rau kuv tus cwj pwm, tus kws sau ntawv hluas tau sau rau hauv nws tus kheej phau ntawv teev npe, tso siab rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb.

Kev tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab lub siab xav zais los ntawm kev muaj nyob txhua hnub tuaj yeem taug qab hauv cov paj huam ntawm thawj sau, thiab hauv Bryusov cov lus feem ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees tsis nco qab qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tas li rau cov ntawv sau paj huam tshiab, sim tsim cov lus sib txawv thiab cov duab zoo nkauj.

Decadentism: ib qho classic ntawm lub cim

Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Valery Bryusov tsis yog ib txwm ua tau zoo. Cov huab cua tsis txaus ntseeg nyob ib puag ncig kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom sau "Masterpieces" thiab qhov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qee cov paj huam tau ua rau muaj kev xav tshiab hauv paj huam. Thiab Bryusov tau dhau los ua lub npe hu ua lub voj voog poetic raws li ib tug propagandist thiab organizer ntawm symbolism nyob rau hauv Russia.

Lub sijhawm decadent hauv Bryusov txoj haujlwm xaus nrog kev tso tawm thib ob ntawm cov paj huam "Qhov no yog kuv" hauv xyoo 1897. Ntawm no, tus kws sau ntawv hluas tseem tshwm sim ua tus npau suav txias, cais tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tseem ceeb, kev ntxub ntxaug.

Tab sis maj mam rov xav txog nws txoj haujlwm los rau nws. Bryusov pom heroism thiab loftiness, paub tsis meej thiab xwm txheej nyob txhua qhov chaw. Nws cov paj huam tau txais qhov tseeb meej thaum, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cim pom tau pom tias yog tus kheej txaus nyiam.

Kev tso tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau hauv qab no ("Tus Saib Xyuas Thib Peb" - 1900, "Rau Lub Nroog thiab Lub Ntiaj Teb" - 1903, "Wreath" - 1906) qhia txog kev coj ntawm Bryusov cov paj huam rau Fabkis "Parnassus", lub txawv nta uas yog keeb kwmmythological storylines, hardness ntawm hom ntawv, lub plasticity ntawm versification, ib tug penchant rau cov kab txawv. Ntau nyob rau hauv Bryusov cov paj huam kuj yog los ntawm Fabkis cov cim nrog ib tug loj ntawm poetic ntxoov, mus ob peb vas thiab uncertainties.

Daim iav ntawm Duab Ntxoo sau, luam tawm xyoo 1912, tau paub qhov txawv los ntawm kev pom yooj yim ntawm cov ntawv. Tab sis tus kws sau paj lug xwm yeej kov yeej, thiab Bryusov cov hauj lwm tom qab rov hais dua mus rau qhov complexity ntawm style, urbanism, scientific thiab historicism, nrog rau cov kws sau paj lug kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov ntawm ntau qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv poetic art.

kev ua ub ua no

Thaum piav qhia txog keeb kwm luv luv ntawm Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kov ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv hauv 1899, Valery Yakovlevich ua haujlwm hauv Lavxias Archive magazine. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, nws coj lub Scorpio publishing tsev, uas nws txoj hauj lwm yog los ua ke cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tshiab kos duab. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1904, Bryusov los ua tus editor ntawm lub magazine "Scales", uas tau los ua tus chij ntawm Lavxias teb sab cim.

Lub sijhawm no, Valery Yakovlevich sau ntau cov lus tseem ceeb, theoretical, kev tshawb fawb txog ntau yam. Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm phau ntawv journal "Vesy" nyob rau hauv 1909, nws tau mus rau lub department ntawm kev sau ntawv thuam nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Lavxias teb sab xav".

Tom qab ntawd los txog xyoo 1905. Bryusov coj nws raws li ib tug inevitability. Lub sijhawm no, nws tau sau ntau zaj dab neeg keeb kwm thiab txhais. Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj, nws tau koom tes nrog cov tub ceev xwm Soviet thiab txawm koom nrog Bolshevik Party xyoo 1920.

In 1917 Valery Bryusovcoj pawg neeg rau kev sau npe ntawm cov xovxwm, tswj cov tsev qiv ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Department of People's Commissariat for Education. Nws tuav txoj haujlwm siab hauv Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm thiab kev qhuab qhia ntawm Moscow State University.

Xyoo 1921, Bryusov tau teeb tsa Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab thiab Kos duab thiab dhau los ua nws thawj tus kws kho mob. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws qhia nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm cov lus thiab cov Communist Academy.

Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov tuag hauv nws chav tsev Moscow thaum Lub Kaum Hli 9, 1924 los ntawm mob ntsws ntsws. Nws tau faus rau hauv Moscow ntawm Novodevichy tojntxas.