Ukrainian artists ntawm 18th, 19th, 20th centuries thiab kawm, lawv paintings

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Hauv kev pleev xim, Ukrainian kab lis kev cai tau dhau mus dhau los ntawm cov theem ntawm baroque, rococo thiab classicism. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob daim duab nyob rau hauv 1652 ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm B. Khmelnitsky, Timofey thiab Rozanda. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov style ntawm Ukrainian painting thaum ntxov muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab tsis sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua.

Ukrainian kab lis kev cai ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th thiab thaum ntxov 18th centuries

Feem ntau ntawm cov kev ua koob tsheej portraits (parsun) ntawm Cossack colonels uas ciaj sia tau pleev xim los ntawm Cossack craftsmen hauv zos, uas, txawm li cas los xij, muaj peev xwm qhia tau lub siab thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov txwj laus. Pavel Alepsky tau sau txog qhov kev txawj ntse tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg pleev kob Cossack nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th.

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov duab kos tsim los ntawm Ukrainian cov kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov neeg pleev kob icon twb raug tsim. Cov piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws yog muralsAssumption Cathedral thiab Trinity Gate Church nyob rau hauv Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, uas muaj ib tug mos mos, pastel daim ntawv sau. Sensuality, sib npaug smoothness ntawm kab teeb cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv ib tug melancholy mus ob peb vas, sim kom muaj ib tug zoo siab ntiaj teb saib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov phiaj xwm ua yeeb yam, xws li "Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Lag Luam los ntawm Tuam Tsev", thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov xwm txheej ntawm kev mob siab rau, raug tua nrog kev hloov ntawm cov tub rog tsis sib haum xeeb rau lub sijhawm muaj teeb meem. Cov duab uas tau piav qhia hauv cov frescoes ua pa ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv, lawv cov kev txav mus los poob tag nrho cov kev txwv thiab, ntawm qhov tod tes, hais txog qhov siab ntawm lub siab.

Cov duab tsim los ntawm Kiev-Pechersk kos duab Rhiav tau dhau los ua tus canon, tus qauv hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm Ukraine.

Temple painting

Ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm lub tuam tsev painting thaum lub sij hawm yog lub thiaj li hu ua ktitor portrait. Cov founders, donors and guardians of this or that church, as well as the current church elders (head of the parish council) hu ua ktitors (folk language - headman). Muaj ntau tus neeg saib xyuas hauv Kiev pawg ntseeg thaum lawv keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv lub thaj ib feem ntawm lub Assumption lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, ua ntej nws tau tawg nyob rau hauv 1941, 85 cov duab keeb kwm tau piav qhia - los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Kievan Rus mus rau Peter I (nws yog tseeb hais tias qhov no yog deb ntawm tag nrho cov). Lub tsev teev ntuj loj hierarchs tau piav txog unshakably, tab sis qhov ze ntawm tus neeg keeb kwm nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd, qhov muaj sia nyob ntau dua cov duab, ntau qhov kev qhia thiab tus kheej tau tshwm sim hauv lub ntsej muag.

Pom zoo tshaj plaws tau txais hauv lub tsev teev ntuj Baroque eraiconostases, nyob rau hauv uas lub icons tau teem nyob rau hauv plaub los yog txawm tsib kab. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tseem muaj sia nyob Baroque iconostases ntawm hom no yog cov iconostases los ntawm pawg ntseeg ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv hauv Rohatyn, hauv Galicia (mid-17th caug xyoo) thiab lub ntxa pawg ntseeg Hetman D. Apostol hauv Bolshiye Sorochintsy (thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th). xyoo pua). Lub pinnacle ntawm easel icon painting ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. muaj Bogorodchansky (Manyavsky) iconostasis, uas tau ua tiav thaum xyoo 1698-1705. Tswv Iov Kondzelevich. Tsob ntoo biblical scenes yog rov tsim tawm ntawm no nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tshiab. Cov neeg nyob tiag yog cov duab, tag nrho ntawm kev muaj zog, txawm tias hnav khaub ncaws hauv zos.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm rococo style tau nkag mus rau hauv cov duab kos duab thaum ntxov, uas yog txuam nrog kev siv los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Lavra art Rhiav raws li cov qauv ntawm cov duab kos, cov niam txiv ntawm Fabkis rococo Watteau thiab Boucher, nthuav tawm hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm album collections. Rococo coj lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab zoo nkauj rau cov duab, ntxiv cov yam ntxwv me me, thiab kev zam rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm poj niam parsunas tshwm.

Kev loj hlob ntawm classicism hauv kev kos duab hauv ib nrab xyoo pua 17th

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, tooj liab engraving tsim. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm engraving tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog kev tso tawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv, cov kev xav tau ntawm phau ntawv luam ntawv, nrog rau kev txiav txim rau panegyrics. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kwv tij Tarasevich thiab lawv cov npoj yaig tom qab, ib tus tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis tau tsuas yog luxurious allegorical compositions ntawm secular thiab kev cai dab qhuas xwm, tab sis kuj muaj tiag engraving sketches ntawm toj roob hauv pes, caij nyoog thiab.kev ua liaj ua teb. Xyoo 1753, Empress Elizabeth tau tshaj tawm tsab cai: peb tus menyuam yaus Ukrainian los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub hauv tsev hais plaub, uas tau poob lawv lub suab, yuav tsum raug xa mus rau kev kos duab. Cov neeg no yog yav tom ntej nto moo Ukrainian artist Kirill Golovachevsky, Ivan Sabluchok thiab Anton Losenko. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm classic art.

Kev kawm txuj ci hauv Ukraine nyob rau ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th - ntxov 20th century

Kev cob qhia kev ua yeeb yam thiab muaj tswv yim ntawm Ukrainian masters nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg Academy of Arts thiab ntawm European cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas nrov nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, qhov chaw tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau hauv kev kawm thiab classicism. Raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev zoo nkauj, qhov no muaj lub sijhawm los tsim kev tawm tsam rau kev tsim kho kev kos duab ntawm Ukraine, tsim kom muaj kev abyss ntawm pej xeem thiab "lordly" art.

Cov duab kos duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Ukrainian artists ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th yog nthuav tawm los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kev kawm txuj ci, thiab qhov no feem ntau yog T. Shevchenko, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog nws Napoleon Buyalsky, Maria Raevskaya-Ivanova, Nikolai thiab Alexander Muravyov, Ilya Repin thiab lwm tus, uas nrhiav kev los tsim lub teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Kyiv yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ua yeeb yam lub neej. Tom qab ntawd, kev tsim cov tsev kawm ntawv kos duab mus tas li pib. Kyiv Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Drawing tau los ua ib qho ntawm thawj lub tsev kawm kos duab thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev kos duab zoo hauv Ukraine. Lub sijhawm sib txawv I. Levitan, M. Vrubel, V. Serov, K. Kryzhitsky, S. Yaremich thiab lwm tus. Cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo G. Dyadchenko, A. Murashko, S. Kostenko, I. Izhakevich, G. Svetlitsky, A. Moravov tau txais lawv cov kev kawm txuj ci tseem ceeb hauv tsev kawm ntawv.

Lub tsev kawm kos duab tau muab kev cob qhia zoo rau kev tsim cov duab. Ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau tsim los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, qhov twg ntau yam duab kos duab thiab kos duab los ntawm Repin, Kramskoy, Shishkin, Perov, Aivazovsky, Myasoedov, Savitsky, Orlovsky, thiab lwm yam. Kev kawm tshwj xeeb thiab dav dav, uas yog, tsom mus rau kev txhim kho kev kawm txuj ci zoo.

Xib fwb P. Pavlov, tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab thaj chaw P. Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, nrog rau cov neeg sau kos duab hauv zos V. Tarnovsky thiab I. Tereshchenko tau pab npaj lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm M. Murashko. M. Vrubel, I. Seleznev, V. Fabritsius, I. Kostenko thiab lwm tus tau ntsib cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm kev kawm. Yav tom ntej zoo-paub Ukrainian artists P. Volokidin, P. Alyoshin, M. Verbitsky, V. Zabolotnaya, V. Rykov, F. Krichevsky, K. Trofimenko, A. Shovkunenko thiab lwm tus yog cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Academy ntawm Art. Nyob rau hauv Ukraine nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th - pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. sawv cev los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv uas yogconcentrated nyob rau hauv Odessa, Kyiv thiab Kharkov.

Art of Ukraine ntawm lig 19th - ntxov 20th centuries

Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv Ukrainian kos duab yog T. Shevchenko, uas nyob rau hauv 1844 kawm tiav los ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, yog ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Karl Bryullov nws tus kheej, tus sau ntawm nto moo painting "Hnub kawg ntawm Pompeii." T. Shevchenko tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm paintings los ntawm lub neej ntawm lub peasantry ("Gypsy fortune-teller", "Katerina", "Peasant tsev neeg", thiab lwm yam). Poetic thiab artistic cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm T. Shevchenko muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Ukrainian kab lis kev cai thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, fine arts. Nws txiav txim siab nws txoj kev coj noj coj ua, uas tau pom meej meej hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kawm tiav ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Arts L. Zhemchuzhnikov thiab K. Trutovsky. Konstantin Trutovsky tseem paub txog nws cov duab kos rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm N. Gogol, T. Shevchenko, Marko Vovchok, nws kuj tau ntes cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm ntawm Ukrainian artist T. Shevchenko.

Nyob rau yav tom ntej, cov thawj coj loj hlob tau qhia cov tswv yim ntawm "Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions" tsim nyob rau hauv 1870 thiab nws cov thawj coj: I. Kramskoy, V. Surikov, I. Repin, V. Perov. Ua piv txwv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab "Wanderers", Ukrainian artists nrhiav siv nyob rau hauv lawv cov hauj lwm ib tug tiag tiag artistic lus uas cov neeg to taub, thiab qhia lawv paintings rau cov neeg nyob ntawm txawv nroog. Tshwj xeeb, "Lub Zej Zog ntawm South Russian Artists" tau tsim nyob rau hauv Odessa, uas tau koom tes nrog kev lag luam exhibition.

Kev ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws thiab siab tiag tiag yog qhov muaj nyob hauv cov duab ntawm Nikolai Pimonenko. Nws nto moo tshaj plawscov hauj lwm "Seeing the Recruits", "Haymaking", "Rivals", "Matchmakers". A. Murashko tau qhia nws cov txuj ci hauv keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Nws yog tus sau ntawm nto moo painting "Lub Pam tuag ntawm Koshevoy", rau lub hauv paus ntawm Staritsky posed. Hauv kev kos duab toj roob hauv pes, Sergei Vasilkovsky tau pom ntau lub peev xwm, uas nws txoj haujlwm sib raug zoo nrog thaj tsam Kharkiv. Nws qhib Ukrainian painting rau cov teb chaws Europe, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais kev qhuas los nthuav nws paintings nyob rau hauv lub Parisian salon "tawm ntawm tig". Lub seascapes ntawm tus neeg pleev kob marine I. Aivazovsky tau dhau los ua qhov tshwm sim tshwj xeeb hauv ntiaj teb kos duab. Lub painting "Hmo ntuj dhau lub Dnieper" los ntawm Arkhip Kuindzhi tau cim los ntawm unsurpassed nyhuv ntawm lub hli. Zoo kawg nkaus masters ntawm toj roob hauv pes painting yog Ukrainian artists ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th: S. Svetoslavsky, K. Kostandi, V. Orlovsky, I. Pokhitonov.

Ilya Repin, uas tau yug los hauv Chuguev hauv Slobozhanshchina, tau tswj hwm nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Ukraine tas li. Ntawm ntau cov hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv, nws painting "Lub Cossacks sau ib tsab ntawv mus rau lub Turkish Sultan" nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Rau daim duab no, nws tus phooj ywg Dmitry Ivanovich Yavornitsky, uas tau mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho los kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm Zaporizhzhya Cossacks thiab leej twg hu ua Nestor ntawm Zaporizhzhya Sich, ua rau tus kws kos duab hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm kosh, piav qhia hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub canvas. General Mikhail Dragomirov yog depicted li ataman Ivan Sirko nyob rau hauv lub painting.

Nyob hauv Galicia, tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub teb chaws artistic lub neej yog ib tug txawj ntse artist (tuab neeg pleev kob, lyricist thiab portraitist) Ivan Trush, tus tub ntawm Drahomanov. Nws yog tus sau portraits nto moo cov duab ntawm Ukrainian kab lis kev cai I. Franko, V. Stefanyk,Lysenko thiab lwm tus.

Yog li, tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Ukraine tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg Lavxias.

paj yeeb hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

Nyob rau hauv lub 30s, Ukrainian artists txuas ntxiv txhim kho ntau qhov chaw ntawm artistic xav. Cov classic ntawm Ukrainian painting F. Krichevsky ("Winners ntawm Wrangel"), raws li zoo raws li cov toj roob hauv pes paintings Karp Trokhimenko ("Cov neeg ntawm Dneprostroy", "Kyiv Harbor", "Tshaj txoj kev loj", "Sab sawv ntxov ntawm lub Collective Farm") thiab Mykola Burachek ("Apple Trees in Blossom", "Golden Autumn", "Clouds are approaching", "Txoj kev mus rau kev ua liaj ua teb", "Dnieper roars and groans"), uas masterfully reproduced lub xeev ntawm xwm nyob ntawm seb. cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hnub ci. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Ukrainian painting ntawm lub sij hawm no yog txuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm portrait hom, sawv cev los ntawm xws li artists xws li: Petr Volokidin ("Portrait of the Artist's Wife", "Portrait of the Singer Zoya Gaidai"), Oleksiy Shovkunenko ("Portrait). Ninochka"), Mykola Glushchenko ("Portrait of R. Rolland"). Lub sijhawm no, kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Ekaterina Bilokur (1900-1961) tau vam meej. Lub ntsiab ntawm nws painting yog paj, lawv tsim muaj xws li extraordinary kev zoo nkauj. Cov paintings "Paj qab lub laj kab wattle", "Paj paj ntawm xiav keeb kwm yav dhau", "Tseem lub neej nrog spikelets thiab ib tug jug" captivate nrog ib tug ua ke ntawm cov tiag tiag thiab zoo heev, lub siab ntawm kev sib raug zoo, ntau yam xim, thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov xim. filigree yam kev ua. Nrog lub annexation ntawm Transcarpathia rau Ukraine nyob rau hauv 1945, tus naj npawb ntawm Ukrainian ntxias tau ntxiv los ntawm Adalbert Erdeli ("Betrothed", "Woman"), Berlogi lo Gluck ("Lumberjacks"),Fedor Manailo ("Nyob hauv pasture"). Lub tsev kawm ntawv kos duab Transcarpathian tau tsim los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua, kev nplua nuj xim, kev tshawb nrhiav muaj tswv yim.

Painting of the Great Patriotic War

Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Ukrainian easel painting rau lub sijhawm ntev yog Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Artists pleev xim rau lub heroism ntawm warriors, lub pathos ntawm kev tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, philosophical paintings kuj tau sau: "Nurse" los ntawm Askhat Safargalin, "In the Name of Life" los ntawm Alexander Khmelnitsky, "Flax Blooms" los ntawm Vasily Gurin. Ntau tus kws ua yeeb yam txuas ntxiv kev txhim kho ntawm Ukrainian kev kos duab zoo nkauj, sim muab lawv tus kheej txhais lus ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Great Kobzar: Michael ntawm Vajtswv "Kuv txoj kev xav, kev xav" thiab lwm yam. Kev khav theeb ntawm Ukrainian kab lis kev cai yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Tatyana Yablonska (1917-2005). Rov qab rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog, T. Yablonskaya tau tsim ib qho ntawm cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - "Cij". Tus kws kos duab duab ntawm lub sijhawm thaum ntxov - "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav", "Saum Dnieper", "Niam" - yog ua los ntawm cov kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj plaws, tag nrho ntawm kev txav mus los, kev xav thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm duab.

Painting in the 50s of the 20th century

Thaum kawg ntawm 50s hauv Ukraine, lub tswv yim siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam me ntsis qaug zog. Thiab txawm hais tias qhov kev coj ua ntawm "lub ntsiab lus ntawm socialist realism" tseem yuav tsum tau ua rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv Soviet, nws cov kev txwv nqaim tau nthuav dav. Hauv kev kos duab kos duab, piv rau lub sijhawm dhau los, muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua hauv kev xaiv cov ntsiab lus, txhais tau hais tias kev nthuav tawm lub tswv yim kos duab, txheeb xyuas lub teb chaws.tus kheej. Ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam Ukrainian tau nrhiav kom txav deb ntawm kev luam tawm ntawm lub neej, lawv tig mus rau cov duab kos duab, kev txhais lus paj huam ntawm lub ntiaj teb qub. Poeticization tau dhau los ua ib qho kev coj ua hauv ntau hom duab. Lub sijhawm no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ntshaw rau lub teb chaws cov hauv paus hniav. Ukrainian artists ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tig mus rau cov duab ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai, kawm pej xeem kos duab thiab kev lis kev cai. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub monumental thiab kho kom zoo nkauj kos duab, nyob rau hauv uas bold sim tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw. Ntawm cov thawj: Dnieper hydroelectric power station (DneproGES), 18 ci ntsa iab tej hauj lwm ntawm Ukrainian monumentalists - ib tug stained-iav triptych ntawm lub National University. T. Shevchenko, mosaic "Academy ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th" ntawm lub koom haum theoretical Physics, kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm Palace ntawm Cov Me Nyuam thiab Cov Hluas hauv Kyiv thiab lwm yam.

Painting in the 60s of the 20th century

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, tus kws kos duab T. Yablonskaya tau tig mus rau pej xeem kos duab, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv nws txoj kev kos duab ("Indian Summer", "Swans", "Bride", "Paper Flowers", "Summer”). Cov duab no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev txhais lus, plasticity thiab kev nthuav qhia ntawm silhouettes, lub tsev xim ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov xim ntshiab sonorous.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Transcarpathian tus kws kos duab Fedor Manail (1910-1978) tau tawm tsam, uas tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe txawm tias nyob rau xyoo ua ntej tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv lub epicenter ntawm lub artist lub tswv yim kev tshawb fawb yog qhov xwm ntawm lub Carpathians thiab lub caij ntawm pej xeem lub neej: "Plaub", "Fab tshais", "Nyob rau hauv hav zoov", "Tshav ntuj lub sij hawm", "Runtains-valleys", thiab lwm yam F. Manailo yogTus kws pab tswv yim ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm S. Parajanov zaj duab xis "Shadows of Forgotten Ancesterors", uas, ua tsaug rau nws txoj kev koom tes, tau txais kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov neeg raug tsim txom.

Lub tsev kawm txuj ci Lviv yog qhov txawv ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev sim, kev nyiam rau European kab lis kev cai. Yog hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv Transcarpathian yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm pictorial kev xav, ces lub tsev kawm ntawv Lviv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov duab kos duab, sophistication thiab kev txawj ntse. Cov neeg sawv cev pom tseeb ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo Ukrainian: Zinovy Flint ("Autumn", "Indian Summer", "Bach Melodies", "Reflections"), Lubomyr Medved (lub voj voog "Thawj Collective Farms hauv Lub cheeb tsam Lviv", triptych "Emigrant", "Fluidity of time", thiab lwm yam). Qhov kev ua tiav tiag tiag hauv kev kos duab yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov masters hauv hom duab portrait. Portraits ntawm kab lis kev cai cov duab L. Medved (Lesya Ukrainka, S. Lyudkevich, N. Gogol, L. Tolstoy) nyiam mloog nrog lub originality ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tua, lub unexpectedness ntawm lub compositional tsim, qhov tob thiab tshwj xeeb sharpness ntawm cov dluab.

Tus thawj kws kos duab Valentin Zadorozhny (1921-1988) ua haujlwm ntau yam - monumental thiab easel painting, duab, tapestry, woodcarving. Tus kws kos duab tau siv thiab rov xav txog cov kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm pej xeem kev kos duab, nkag siab tob txog lub hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai: paintings "Marusya Churai", "Ecumenical Dinner", "Chuchinsky Oranta", "Bread Daily", "Thiab yuav muaj ib tug tub. thiab niam … "thiab lwm tus enchant nrog kev nplua nuj thiab sib txawv ntawm cov xim, kev nthuav qhia ntawm kab, lub teeb ntawm kev sib dhos, zoo nkauj suab.

Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Ivan Marchuksib txawv artistic tiam sis thiab cov txheej txheem yog taug qab (los ntawm realism mus surrealism thiab abstractionism); Ib hom ntawv (portraits, tseem lub neej, toj roob hauv pes thiab thawj fantasy compositions zoo li npau suav). Kev lig kev cai thiab kev tsim kho tshiab cuam tshuam hauv nws cov duab kos duab, txhua yam haujlwm muaj lub hauv paus ntawm sab ntsuj plig: "Blossoming", "Blossoming Planet", "Lost Music", "Germination", "Suab ntawm kuv tus ntsuj plig", "Lub hnub qub", "Lub hli sawv. Nyob rau hauv lub Dnieper", "Hmo txhua hli", thiab lwm yam. Ntawm ntau cov hauj lwm ntawm tus kws kos duab, painting "Awakening" attracts xim, nyob rau hauv uas lub ntsej muag ntawm ib tug poj niam zoo nkauj, nws cov pob tshab pob tshab txhais tes, tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab paj. Nov yog Ukraine, uas yog sawv los ntawm kev pw tsaug zog ntev.

Ukraine txaus siab rau pej xeem cov neeg ua yeeb yam: Maria Primachenko, Praskovya Vlasenko, Elizaveta Mironova, Ivan Skolozdra, Tatiana Pato, Fyodor Pank thiab lwm tus. Primachenko. Nws tsim nws tus kheej lub ntiaj teb uas zoo heev creatures nyob, cov cim ntawm cov lus dab neeg, paj zoo li tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog tib neeg tus ntsuj plig ("Zaj tshoob", "Hliday", "Bouquet", "Magpies - dawb-sided", "Peb yawg", "Wat oatter grabbed a noog", "Tshiab ntawm Tsov Rog" thiab lwm yam).

Art of the 20th century

Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tuaj yeem suav tias yog lub sijhawm suav rov qab tshiab hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ukrainian kev tsim duab kos duab. Kev tsim ntawm lub xeev ywj pheej tsim ib qho kev coj noj coj ua tshiab thiab muaj tswv yim nyob hauv Ukraine. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm socialist realism tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm yav dhau los, Ukrainian artistspib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm creativity. Art exhibitions uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm qhia lub siab muaj tswv yim muaj peev xwm ntawm Ukrainian zoo kos duab, nws muaj ntau haiv neeg, lub coexistence ntawm ntau yam kev taw qhia, cov ntaub ntawv thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia artistic lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv nws. Ukrainian fine arts ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. tau hu ua "New Wave", khaws Ukrainian avant-garde txav ntawm 10-20s, tab sis txuas ntxiv txhim kho nws hauv cov xwm txheej tshiab.

Niaj hnub nimno Ukrainian artists thiab lawv cov paintings tsis haum rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib tug style, qauv los yog txoj kev. Masters ntawm cov laus tiam nyiam ib txwm siv rau kev kos duab tiag tiag. Abstractionism tau nthuav dav (Tiberiy Silvashi, Alexey Zhivotkov, Petr Malyshko, Oleg Tistol, Alexander Dubovik, Alexander Budnikov thiab lwm tus). Thiab tseem, lub ntsiab feature ntawm niaj hnub Ukrainian kos duab yog kev sib txuas ntawm cov duab thiab paub daws teeb txoj kev ntawm creativity (Viktor Ivanov, Vasily Khodakovsky, Oleg Yasenev, Andrey Bludov, Mykola Butkovsky, Alexey Vladimirov, thiab lwm yam).

New Ukrainian Art

Niaj hnub nimno Ukrainian kos duab tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Western modernism. Surrealism (los ntawm Fabkis "supra-realism") yog ib qho ntawm cov dej ntws tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab avant-garde, nws tau tshwm sim hauv Fabkis xyoo 1920. Raws li lub ntsiab theorist ntawm surrealism A. Breton, nws lub hom phiaj yog los daws qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev npau suav thiab kev muaj tiag. Txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj no muaj ntau yam: Ukrainian artists thiab lawv paintings nrogscenes tsis muaj logic tau piav qhia nrog qhov tseeb ntawm kev yees duab, tawg ntawm cov khoom paub thiab cov tsiaj txawv txawv tau tsim.

Op art (abbreviated English optical art) - ib tug qauv ntawm abstract art, nrov nyob rau sab hnub poob nyob rau hauv lub 60s. Op-art tej hauj lwm yog tsim los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm optical illusion, thaum xaiv cov duab thiab xim yog aimed ntawm tsim ib tug optical illusion ntawm txav.

Pop art (abbreviated English popular art) originated nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab Britain nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab lis kev cai nrov. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws cov duab tau nrov comics, tshaj tawm thiab cov khoom lag luam. Lub simultaneity ntawm zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv pop kos duab painting yog tej zaum hais txog cov txheej txheem, uas zoo li cov nyhuv ntawm photography.

Kev xav, kev xav kos duab (los ntawm Latin kev xav, lub tswv yim) - kev coj ua ntawm Western kos duab ntawm 60s. Raws li nws cov neeg sawv cev, lub tswv yim (lub tswv yim) hauv qab ntawm kev ua haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig hauv nws tus kheej thiab muab tso rau saum tus tswv. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem siv los siv lub tswv yim: ntawv, duab qhia chaw, duab, yeeb yaj kiab, thiab lwm yam.

Txoj hauj lwm tej zaum yuav raug muab tso rau hauv ib lub gallery los yog tsim "hauv av", piv txwv li, thaj chaw ntuj, uas qee zaum dhau los ua ib feem ntawm nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov duab ntawm tus kws kos duab ua rau lub tswv yim ib txwm muaj ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov kws sau ntawv kos duab. Nyob rau hauv lub installation, ib tug neeg lub ntsiab nyob rau hauv ib tug muab qhov chaw tsim ib tug artistic tag nrho thiab feem ntau yog tsim los rau ib tug tshwj xeeb chav tsev. Xws li ib txoj haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm qhov chaw, txij li ib puag ncigib puag ncig yog nws qhov sib npaug.

Kev ua yeeb yam (los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam Askiv) yog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam zoo sib xws nrog kev seev cev thiab kev ua yeeb yam. Cov lus ntawm pop art yog txawj thiab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm los ntawm xws li Ukrainian ntxias xws li Stepan Ryabchenko, Ilya Chychkan, Masha Shubina, Marina Talyutto, Ksenia Gnilitskaya, Viktor Melnychuk thiab lwm tus.

Ukrainian postmodernism

Assemblage yog ib qho kev qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab ntawm peb-dimensional tsis yog cov khoom siv kos duab thiab cov khoom hu ua pom - cov khoom siv niaj hnub. Nws los ntawm collage - ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas daim ntawv, ntaub, thiab lwm yam yog tsau rau ntawm ib tug tiaj tus. Kev kos duab ntawm kev sib sau tau yug los ntawm P. Picasso thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ntawm Ukrainian artists txoj kev sib dhos tau dav siv los ntawm A. Archipenko, I. Yermilov, A. Baranov thiab lwm tus. txheej txheem nyob rau hauv Ukraine, los ntawm kev sib piv nrog rau sab hnub poob, lub era ntawm postmodernism (uas yog, tom qab modernism). Postmodernism nyob rau hauv kev kos duab kos duab yog reminiscent ntawm bizarrely mix fragments ntawm tag nrho cov yav dhau los yeej, cov lus qhia thiab tam sim no, nyob rau hauv uas nws yog pointless mus nrhiav tsawg kawg yog ib tug me ntsis manifestations ntawm kev ncaj ncees. Ukrainian postmodernism feem ntau yog qiv, lossis txawm tias muaj kev ua txhaum cai, ntawm Western qauv.