Russian kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Creativity ntawm poets ntawm 19th-20th centuries

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias zoo tshaj Maxim Gorky tau hais tias "cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xyoo pua 19th tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus ntsuj plig, lub siab thiab lub siab ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam tiag." Qhov no tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905, Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, lub ntiaj teb zoo li pib tawg. Kev sib raug zoo tsis sib haum xeeb tau teeb tsa, thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv los ua haujlwm ntawm kev coj rov qab txhua yam uas yog. Nyob rau hauv Russia, kev ywj pheej philosophical xav pib awakens, tshiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv kos duab tshwm sim, sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th overestimated tus nqi thiab tso tseg cov qub kev coj dawb huv.

Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li cas thaum lub sijhawm xyoo pua?

Classicism hauv kev kos duab tau hloov los ntawm kev niaj hnub, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb ceg: cim, acmeism, futurism, imagism. Realism tseem vam meej, nyob rau hauv uas lub ntiaj teb sab hauv ntawm ib tug neeg yog depicted raws li nws txoj hauj lwm social; socialist realism tsis tso cai thuam cov tub ceev xwm, yog li cov kws sau ntawv hauv lawv txoj haujlwm tau sim tsis txhob teeb meem nom tswv. Lub hnub nyoog golden tau ua raws li lub hnub nyoog nyiaj nrog nws cov tswv yim tshiab thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg. Cov paj huam ntawm cov paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau sau nyob rau hauv raws li ib tug qauv thiab style: rau Mayakovsky, sau ntawv nrog ib tug ntaiv yog ib yam, rau Khlebnikov - nws ntau zaus, rau Severyanin - ib tug txawv txawv rhyme.

From Futurism mus rau Socialist Realism

Hauv kev ua cim, tus kws sau paj huam tsom nws qhov kev mloog ntawm qee lub cim, ib qho lus pom, yog li lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tsis meej. Cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb yog Zinaida Gippius, Alexander Blok, Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Lawv tau nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav nyob mus ib txhis, thaum tig mus rau mysticism. Xyoo 1910, kev kub ntxhov ntawm cov cim tau tshwm sim - tag nrho cov tswv yim twb tau txheeb xyuas, thiab cov neeg nyeem tsis pom dab tsi tshiab hauv cov paj huam.

Nyob rau hauv futurism, cov kab lig kev cai qub raug tsis lees paub kiag li. Hauv kev txhais lus, lo lus txhais tau tias "kev kos duab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej", cov kws sau ntawv nyiam cov pej xeem nrog kev xav tsis thoob, tsis meej thiab meej. Cov paj huam ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov qauv no - Vladimir Mayakovsky thiab Osip Mandelstam - yog txawv los ntawm lawv cov thawj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tej zaus (sau cov lus).

Socialist realism tau teeb tsa raws li nws txoj haujlwm kev kawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub siab ntawm kev coj noj coj ua. Cov kws sau ntawv piav txog qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb hauv zej zog hauv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. Ntawm cov kws sau paj huam, Marina Tsvetaeva tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sawv tawm, thiab ntawm cov kws sau paj huam - Maxim Gorky, Mikhail Sholokhov, Evgeny Zamyatin.

From acmeism to new peasant lyrics

Imagism tau tshwm sim hauv Russia thawj xyoo tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, Sergei Yesenin thiab Anatoly Mariengof tsis xav txog lawv txoj haujlwm hauv kev sib raug zoonom tswv tswv yim. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov qauv no tau sib cav tias cov paj huam yuav tsum yog qhov piv txwv, yog li lawv tsis skimp ntawm cov lus piv txwv, epithets thiab lwm yam kev qhia txog kev kos duab.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov paj huam tshiab-cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau tig mus rau kev coj noj coj ua hauv lawv tej hauj lwm, qhuas lub zos lub neej. Xws li yog tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 20th Sergei Yesenin. Nws cov paj huam yog dawb huv thiab ncaj ncees, thiab tus sau piav txog xwm thiab yooj yim tib neeg kev zoo siab nyob rau hauv lawv, xa mus rau cov kev cai ntawm Alexander Pushkin thiab Mikhail Lermontov. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig ntawm xyoo 1917, kev txaus siab luv luv tau hloov los ntawm kev poob siab.

Lo lus "acmeism" hauv kev txhais lus txhais tau tias "lub sijhawm tawg". Cov kws sau paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th Nikolai Gumilyov, Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam thiab Sergei Gorodetsky nyob rau hauv lawv cov hauj lwm rov qab mus rau yav dhau los ntawm Russia thiab zoo siab txais tos rau kev xyiv fab ntawm lub neej, clarity ntawm kev xav, simplicity thiab conciseness. Lawv zoo li thim rov qab los ntawm cov teeb meem nyuaj, ua kom nrawm nrawm, paub tseeb tias qhov tsis paub tsis tuaj yeem paub.

philosophical and psychology richness of Bunin's lyrics

Ivan Alekseevich yog ib tug kws sau paj huam nyob ntawm qhov sib tshuam ntawm ob lub sijhawm, yog li nws txoj haujlwm tau cuam tshuam qee qhov kev paub cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm tshiab, txawm li cas los xij, nws txuas ntxiv Pushkin kev lig kev cai. Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Hav tsaus ntuj" nws qhia rau tus nyeem ntawv lub tswv yim hais tias kev zoo siab tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis, tab sis nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej: "Kuv pom, kuv hnov, kuv zoo siab - txhua yam nyob rau hauv kuv." Nyob rau hauv lwm yam hauj lwm, lub lyrical hero tso cai rau nws tus kheej los xav txog lub transience ntawm lub neej, uas yuav uaua rau tu siab.

Bunin tau koom nrog kev sau ntawv hauv tebchaws Russia thiab txawv tebchaws, qhov chaw uas muaj ntau tus kws sau paj huam ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th mus tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Hauv Paris, nws zoo li ib tug neeg txawv txawv - "ib tug noog muaj zes, tsiaj nyaum muaj qhov", thiab nws poob nws lub tebchaws. Bunin pom nws txoj kev cawm seej hauv kev txawj ntse: xyoo 1933 nws tau txais Nobel nqi zog, thiab hauv Russia nws suav tias yog ib tug yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg, tab sis lawv tsis tso tseg.

Sensual lyricist, kws sau paj lug thiab brawler

Sergey Yesenin yog ib tus neeg xav txog thiab tsis tau tsim cov lus tshiab, tab sis rov ua dua cov lus tuag, muab lawv tso rau hauv cov duab poetic tiag tiag. Los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lub rooj ntev zaum, nws tau los ua nto moo raws li ib tug neeg siab phem thiab nqa qhov zoo ntawm nws lub neej tag nrho, yog ib tug nquag ntawm taverns, thiab nto moo rau nws txoj kev hlub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws mob siab rau nws lub tebchaws: "Kuv yuav hu nkauj nrog txhua tus kws sau paj huam rau lub thib rau ntawm lub ntiaj teb nrog lub npe luv luv "Rus" - ntau tus kws sau paj huam ntawm xyoo pua 20th tau qhia nws txoj kev qhuas rau nws lub tebchaws. Qhia qhov teeb meem ntawm tib neeg lub neej tom qab xyoo 1917, tus kws sau paj huam poob siab rau kev hloov pauv, vim tsis yog lub vaj kaj siab uas tau tos ntev, lub neej tau dhau los ua ntuj txiag teb tsaus.

Hmo ntuj, txoj kev, teeb, lub tsev muag tshuaj…

Alexander Blok - tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, uas tau sau rau hauv kev coj ntawm "symbolism". Nws yog qhov nthuav kom pom tias tus poj niam cov duab hloov zuj zus los ntawm kev sau mus rau sau: los ntawm Tus Poj Niam Zoo Nkauj mus rau ardent Carmen. Yog hais tias thaum xub thawj nws deifies lub hom phiaj ntawm nws txoj kev hlub, ua siab ncaj pab nws thiab tsis twv yuav tsum tsis lees paub, tom qab ntawdcov ntxhais zoo li nws ntau mundane beings. Los ntawm lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj ntawm romanticism, nws pom lub ntsiab lus, tau dhau los ntawm lub neej nyuaj, nws teb hauv nws cov paj huam rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam "Lub Kaum Ob Hlis" nws qhia lub tswv yim hais tias lub kiv puag ncig tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qub thiab tsim lub ntiaj teb tshiab. Cov neeg nyeem nco ntsoov Blok ua tus sau paj huam "Hmo ntuj, txoj kev, teeb, lub tsev muag tshuaj …", uas nws xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej.

Ob tug poj niam sau ntawv

Cov kws txawj ntse thiab kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog cov txiv neej feem ntau, thiab lawv cov txuj ci tau tshwm sim ua tsaug rau qhov hu ua muses. Cov poj niam tsim lawv tus kheej, nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm lawv tus kheej mus ob peb vas, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kws sau paj lug ntawm lub Silver Age yog Anna Akhmatova thiab Marina Tsvetaeva. Thawj yog tus poj niam ntawm Nikolai Gumilyov, thiab tus naas ej historian Lev Gumilyov yug nyob rau hauv lawv lub union. Anna Akhmatova tsis pom kev txaus siab rau qhov zoo nkauj stanzas - nws cov paj huam tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa suab paj nruag, txhais tau tias kev kos duab tsis tshua muaj. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daj thiab grey nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia, qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom ua rau cov neeg nyeem tu siab thiab tso cai rau lawv nthuav tawm qhov tseeb ntawm tus kws sau paj huam uas dim txoj kev tua nws tus txiv.

Txoj hmoo ntawm Marina Tsvetaeva yog kev tu siab. Nws tua tus kheej, thiab ob lub hlis tom qab nws tuag, nws tus txiv Sergei Efron raug tua. Cov neeg nyeem yuav nco ntsoov nws mus ib txhis raws li ib tug me me ncaj ncees-hais poj niam txuas nrog xwm los ntawm cov ntshav ties. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm tshwm rowan Berry, uas mus ib txhisnkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm nws zaj paj huam: "Tus rowan tau teeb nrog txhuam liab, nplooj poob. Kuv yug los."

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov paj huam ntawm 19th-20th centuries?

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua tshiab, tus tswv ntawm tus cwj mem thiab lo lus pom zoo cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm. Paj huam-cov lus rau lwm tus kws sau paj huam lossis phooj ywg tseem cuam tshuam. Imagist Vadim Shershenevich surprises nrog nws cov hauj lwm "Toast". Nws tsis muab ib lub cim cim rau hauv nws, tsis tso qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus, tab sis nws qhov originality nyob rau lwm qhov: saib los ntawm cov ntawv nrog koj ob lub qhov muag los ntawm kab mus rau kab, koj tuaj yeem pom tias qee cov tsiaj ntawv loj sawv ntawm lwm cov lus, tsim. lus: Valery Bryusov los ntawm tus sau.

peb txhua tus zoo li peb nyob hauv kev lag luam

sFalling easynow

rush thiab muaj kev lom zem thiab ntau npaum li cas

cov poj niam lorning rau peb hloov peb

ourgErBucreated nrog liqueurs

imideSharpShowerAshiprom

Nrhiav rauSouthJulyinAllform

mchaForceopenTokclipper

paub peb paub tias txhua tus tub

andEverythingalmostRubbeard

hais qhov noAshkupunsha

drink nrog joyzabrusova

Txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog tawm tsam hauv nws qhov originality. Vladimir Mayakovsky kuj tseem nco qab txog qhov tseeb tias nws tsim ib daim ntawv tshiab ntawm stanza - " ntaiv". Tus kws sau paj huam yog vim li cas, tab sis hais me ntsis txog kev hlub; Nws tau kawm raws li qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig classic, luam tawm los ntawm ntau lab tus tib neeg, cov pej xeem poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws rau qhov kev npau taws thiab kev tsim kho tshiab.