2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-17 12:51
Nikolai Semenovich Leskov (1831-1895) - tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias zoo kawg nkaus, tus sau zaj dab neeg tsis txawj tuag txog Lefty thiab ntau lwm yam haujlwm suav nrog hauv Golden Fund ntawm Lavxias cov ntawv nyeem. Leskov thaum yau thiab hluas dhau los hauv tsev ntawm cov neeg txheeb ze, cov nom tswv me me. Kuv txiv tau ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub thiab tau koom nrog kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua txhaum cai, tsis muaj sijhawm los ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Thaum lub sijhawm los so haujlwm, Leskov txiv tau tso nws txoj haujlwm tsis tau hlub yam tsis muaj kev khuv xim thiab tau txais ib lub teb me me Panino hauv lub xeev Oryol. Nws yog ces hais tias biography ntawm tus sau Leskov, complex thiab contradictory, pib. Nyob rau hauv roob moj sab qhua ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, kev loj hlob Nikolai Leskov tau paub txog lub neej niaj hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab, bastard thiab tshaib plab.
Kev loj hlob ntawm Nikolai Leskov
Nikolai Leskov, uas nws biography piav qhia nyob rau hauv nthuav dav nws lub xyoo thaum ntxov, kawm nyob rau hauv lub gym mus txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum rau xyoo thiab, tej zaum, nws yuav tau txais kev kawm zoo, tab sis nws txiv dheev tuag. Txhawm rau ua kom nws tag nrho, hluav taws sai sai tau tawg rau ntawm thaj teb, lub tsev tau hlawv thiab nrog rau tag nrho cov cuab yeej. Ua cas cojua kom tiav thiab txhawb nqa ib tus niam mob uas muaj mob, tus tub hluas tau koom nrog pawg txiav txim plaub ntug hauv xeev Oryol, uas nws txiv ib zaug ua haujlwm. Nws lub luag haujlwm suav nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm, thiab ua tsaug rau kev soj ntsuam ntuj, Nikolai Leskov tau sau cov khoom siv dav dav, uas tom qab ntawd nws siv thaum sau nws cov dab neeg, dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg luv luv. Leskov's biography ntawm nws cov nplooj ntawv qhia txog tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm hauv kev txiav txim plaub ntug.
Xyoo 1849, cov tub ntxhais hluas Leskov tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm nws niam tus tij laug, tus kws tshawb fawb Kyiv S. Alferyev. Raws li qhov kev thov ntawm ib tus txheeb ze tseem ceeb, nws raug xa mus rau Kyiv thiab pib ua hauj lwm hauv lub nroog cov nyiaj txiag chamber raws li ib tug yooj yim nom tswv. Nws nyob nrog nws tus txiv ntxawm, uas yog tus kws kho mob tseem ceeb thoob plaws hauv cheeb tsam Kyiv. Tag nrho cov xim ntawm Kyiv cov xibfwb, thiab tsis tsuas yog kho mob sawv daws yuav, tas li sau nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Ua tsaug rau cov neeg paub tshiab, Leskov phau ntawv keeb kwm tau nrawm nrawm nrog nplooj ntawv nthuav dav. Nws sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg kawm ntawv, zoo li daim txhuam cev nqus cov ntaub ntawv uas txaus siab qhia rau nws. Tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej tau paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Taras Shevchenko, imbued nrog Kyiv kab lis kev cai, pib kawm lub architecture ntawm lub ancient nroog.
Xyoo 1857, Nikolai Leskov tau tawm hauv lub xeev cov kev pabcuam thiab raug lees txais rau hauv lub tuam txhab rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsev neeg ua liaj ua teb mus rau thaj av tshiab. Kev ua haujlwm tau dhau los ua nyuaj, ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kev npaj cov neeg nyob hauv yuav tsum tau mus ncig thoob plaws tebchaws Russia. Cov khoom rau Leskov yav tom ntej tej hauj lwm tau sau los ntawm nws tus kheej. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1860 Leskov biographyreplenished nrog nplooj ntawv tshiab, nws dhau los ua tus kws sau ntawv. Thaum pib ntawm 1861, tus kws sau ntawv hluas tau tsiv mus rau St. Petersburg, txiav txim siab los mob siab rau nws tus kheej rau kev sau xov xwm. Thawj cov ntawv tshaj tawm yog nyob rau hauv Otechestvennye Zapiski. Ces Leskov xa ob peb zaj dab neeg luv luv thiab novellas rau kev tshaj tawm, cov uas yog "Lady Macbeth ntawm Mtsensk District", "Tus tub sab", "Lub neej ntawm poj niam".
Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Nikolai Leskov thiab nws cov haujlwm tom qab
Xyoo 1862, Leskov raug ntiav hauv almanac "Northern Bee" ua tus sau xov xwm. Hmoov tsis, Leskov phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv tsis muaj tag nrho nws cov kev ua tiav hauv kev sau xov xwm. Raws li tus neeg sau xov xwm, nws tau mus xyuas ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, suav nrog Czech koom pheej thiab Poland. Nikolai Leskov kuj tau mus xyuas Paris. Kev mus ncig ntau lub hlis mus rau Tebchaws Europe tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov dab neeg "Bypassed" thiab "On Riam Tawm". Cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov haujlwm no yog tsim los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab-minded democrats thiab cov tis nruab nrab ntawm cov uas muaj hwj chim.
Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv tus kws sau ntawv txoj haujlwm tau tuav los ntawm cov ntawv tshiab "Rau Riam", luam tawm xyoo 1870 tom qab ntau qhov kev hloov kho thiab hloov pauv. Leskov nws tus kheej tau hais txog qhov tshiab uas yog qhov phem tshaj ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Ntau tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1881, zaj dab neeg "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Tula Oblique Lefty thiab Steel Flea" tau luam tawm, uas tom qab ntawd mus dhau ntau yam ntawv. Tom qab "Lefty" tus kws sau ntawv pib lean rau kev sau xov xwm, kev thuam thiab tsis muaj kev hlub tshua. Nws tej hauj lwm "Lub caij ntuj noHnub" thiab "Zagon" Leskov piav raws li cynical, tab sis tsis tau rewrite. Ib tug ntawm Nikolai Leskov cov tom qab novels - "Devil's Dolls" - raug txwv los ntawm censorship, zaj dab neeg "Hare Remise" raug kev txom nyem tib txoj hmoo. Thaum xaus ntawm lub 80s. yog rau tus kws sau ntawv lub sijhawm nyuaj hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv tau poob qis, Leskov tsim mob hawb pob, thiab xyoo 1895 nws tuag.
Pom zoo:
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