Pushkin lub hnub yug. Hnub yug ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus zoo Lavxias teb sab classic, kws sau paj lug Alexander Pushkin, yug hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm reign ntawm Emperor Paul thawj. Pushkin hnub yug nyob rau hauv keeb kwm qhov chaw yog qhia nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: May 26 thiab Lub rau hli ntuj 6, 1799. Yog li qhov twg yog qhov tseeb? Qhov no yog lub Tsib Hlis 26 yog hnub yug ntawm Pushkin raws li Roman (laus) daim ntawv qhia hnub, thiab Lub Rau Hli 6 yog raws li niaj hnub Julian. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no txhua tus qhuas ntawm cov txuj ci ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab ci ntsa iab txhua xyoo ua kev zoo siab rau nws lub hnub yug rau lub Rau Hli 6. Pushkin qhov chaw yug yog tam sim no lub peev ntawm peb lub teb chaws, lub nroog ntawm Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo ntawd nws tau suav tias yog lub nroog thib ob hauv lub tebchaws tom qab St. Petersburg.

1799 rau Russia

Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th nyuaj heev rau Russia. Cov neeg yeej tsis nyiam tus huab tais Povlauj thawj zaug tam sim no. Hauv ib lub sijhawm luv luv ntawmkav, nws ua rau nws qias neeg heev, hnub uas nws tuag, tib neeg tsis quaj rau nws, tab sis ua kev zoo siab rau ib leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm nws kav, Russia muaj peev xwm nthuav nws cov ciam teb, thiab tag nrho cov ua tsaug rau cov loj generals. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub hnub yug ntawm Pushkin, Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yeej thiab coj lub nroog ntawm Turin. Thiab feem ntau, lub xyoo no yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tub rog Lavxias, nws yog tag nrho ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm yeej thiab tawm tsam, nrog rau kev kov yeej loj rau Russia. Yog li ntawd, lub xyoo yug ntawm Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich - lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th - yog cim los ntawm cov yeej ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog thiab yug los ntawm ib tug zoo genius - tus txawj ntse tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab paj huam.

Pedigree

Los ntawm keeb kwm, A. S. Pushkin yog ib tug neeg muaj koob meej, nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus los ntawm cov tsev neeg tsis muaj npe ntawm Pushkins, nce mus, raws li cov lus dab neeg, mus rau Ratsha - "tus txiv neej ncaj ncees", uas yog ib tug niaj hnub ntawm Alexander Nevsky. Tus kws sau paj huam niam pog yawg yog African Abram Petrovich Hannibal, ib tug tub kawm ntawm Peter lub Great, uas tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug general. Nws txiv yawg, Lev Pushkin, yog tub rog tub rog, tab sis tus kws sau ntawv txiv nyob deb ntawm kev ua tub rog. Nws yog ib tug txiv neej ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, ib tug kws sau paj huam, thiab tau paub tias yog ib tug neeg txawj ntse heev. Lwm tus kws sau paj huam zoo nkauj hauv tsev neeg yog nws txiv ntxawm, Vasily. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm Pushkin lub hnub yug, nws cov txheeb ze tej zaum tsis xav txog tias lawv tsev neeg muaj "luminary ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam" - ib tug kws sau paj lug uas nws tej hauj lwm yuav paub los ntawm lub plawv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no txawm ntau centuries tom qab nws tuag.

Hnub yug ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - Tsib Hlis 26, 1977. Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 27, uas yog, ib hnub tom qab yug los yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv metric ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Elkhovskaya ntawm lub Epiphany, ib tug nkag tau hais tias Sergei Pushkin muaj ib tug txiv neej tus me nyuam, uas lub npe hu ua Alexander. 10 hnub tom qab, tus me nyuam tub ua kev cai raus dej hauv tib lub tsev teev ntuj. Me Sasha feem ntau siv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm nws tus pog Maria Alekseevna Gannibal. Tus poj niam hwm nyob hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, ze ntawm lub nroog Zvenigorod. Twb yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14-15 xyoo, Pushkin pib sau nws thawj zaj paj huam: "Monk" thiab "Bova"; Nyob rau hauv 1915, 16-xyoo-laus Pushkin sau paj huam "Xov Xwm rau Yudin", thiab ib xyoos tom qab - "Dream".

Youth

Pushkin kawm ntawm Lyceum hauv Tsarskoye Selo rau li 6 xyoo, thaum lub sijhawm nws khoom plig ua tus kws sau paj huam tau tshwm sim tas li. Ntawm no nws kuj tsim cov phooj ywg tiag tiag thiab cov neeg muaj siab nyiam. Lub sijhawm no, Fabkis paj huam tau txais kev tshoov siab rau nws. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam cov hauj lwm ntawm Voltaire thiab Guys. Ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam, nws idolized Zhukovsky thiab Batyushkov. Ntau cov paj huam ntawm tus kws sau paj huam zoo yog nyob rau lub sijhawm lyceum. Tom qab ntawd, thaum nws cov paj huam tau txais cov xim ntawm kev nom kev tswv, Derzhavin tau nyiam nws cov haujlwm. Txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv lub hnub yug ntawm Pushkin, nws cov phooj ywg tau teem caij muaj tswv yim yav tsaus ntuj thiab hais paj huam nyob rau hauv nws hwm.

Tom qab lyceum, uas nws kawm tiav xyoo 1817, Pushkin pib ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm qib siab txawv teb chaws.txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo no, nws koom nrog theatrical art, tsis nco ib qho kev ua yeeb yam. Pushkin kuj tau mus xyuas Arzamas Literary Society thiab Green Lamp Literary thiab Theatre Society. Ntawm no nws tau los ua phooj ywg nrog ntau tus Decembrists, txawm hais tias nws pib tsis paub txog lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.

neej neeg

Ntxiv mus rau hauv lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj lug pib lub sij hawm ntawm exile thiab tsim txom. Thiab tag nrho cov kev txhaum ntawm nws txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub txoj kev xav thiab xav tau kev ncaj ncees. Muaj ntau yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog imbued nrog ib tug sib ntaus sib tua ntsuj plig, tsis kam tso nrog lub xeev ntawm tej xwm txheej uas muaj nyob rau hauv Russia thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Nicholas thawj. Qhov no yog kev sib txuas nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nrog ntau Decembrists, nws txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub paj huam thiab paj huam. Thiab nws yog vim qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev ncaj ncees uas nws txoj kev tuag tshwm sim.

Tus kws sau paj huam tuag

Thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1836, muaj lus xaiv hauv ntiaj teb txog kev sib txuas ntawm Pushkin tus poj niam Natalia thiab huab tais. Thiab tom qab ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov kev xav tsis thoob los ntawm tus neeg muaj koob muaj npe, lawv tau hais lus ntxhi txog kev hlub ntawm Natalia thiab tus neeg saib xyuas, Baron Dantes. Pushkin tsis muaj kev xaiv tab sis sawv ntsug rau kev hwm ntawm nws tus poj niam thiab tawm tsam tus baron rau kev sib tw. Lawv duel tau tshwm sim rau Lub Ob Hlis 27, 1837, plaub lub hlis ua ntej tus kws sau paj huam hnub yug 38 xyoo. Tom qab tag nrho, hnub yug ntawm Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin yog lub Tsib Hlis 26 (Lub Rau Hli 6), 1799. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm duel, tus kws sau ntawv tau raug mob tuag. Nws tuag ob hnub tom qab, thiab Lavxias teb sab cov ntaub ntawv yog menyuam ntsuag, tau poob ib tug kws sau paj huam zoo nkauj thiab tus kws sau paj lug thaum nws tseem hluas. Alexander Sergeevich raug faus rau ntawm lub toj ntxas Svyatogorsk, nyob zehaiv neeg Mikhailovsky.

How Pushkin lub hnub yug ua kev zoo siab hnub no

Hnub no tsis muaj lub nroog nyob hauv tebchaws Russia uas yuav tsis muaj lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj npe tom qab lub tebchaws Lavxias zoo kawg nkaus. Monuments rau Pushkin tau tsim nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub facade ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, kev lig kev cai ob zaug ib xyoos - nyob rau hnub yug ntawm tus kws sau paj lug thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm nws tuag - muaj tswv yim yav tsaus ntuj los yog matinees mob siab rau rau cov hnub nco. Cov xwm txheej ib txwm pib nrog kev tso paj ntawm lub monument rau tus kws sau ntawv, tom qab ntawd txhua tus mus rau lub rooj sib txoos, thiab qhov tseem ceeb pib. Cov tub ntxhais kawm nyeem cov paj huam nco, excerpts los ntawm paj huam, fairy tales sau los ntawm Pushkin, muaj txawm ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam raws li tej hauj lwm ntawm tus poj kws sau paj lug. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hnub nco txog, cov xwm txheej muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv uas kuj muaj lub npe ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm philological faculties kuj tsis dhau hnub no. Cov tsev kawm qib siab tuav cov lus qhuab qhia nthuav dav, kev sib tham, thaum lub sijhawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv tham txog lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov classic zoo nkauj - cov luminaries ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.

Pushkin lub hnub yug tog sab nraum Russia

Pushkin txoj haujlwm yog paub tsis yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws. Nws tej hauj lwm muaj kev hwm heev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub qub USSR: Armenia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub nroog ntawm lub post-Soviet qhov chaw muaj cov tsev kawm ntawv npe tom qab tus kws sau paj lug thiab prose zoo. Thiab lawv kuj txhua xyoo ua kev zoo siab rau hnub nco txog lub npe ntawm Alexander Sergeevich. Hauv qee qhov qub SovietCov koom pheej muaj cov chaw ua haujlwm sawv cev ntawm Rossotrudnichestvo. Kev koom tes ntawm lub koom haum no rau kev txhim kho kev sib raug zoo thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Russia thiab cov tebchaws no tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog li, piv txwv li, ua tsaug rau nws hauv Yerevan, Baku, Minsk thiab Astana, Chisinau thiab lwm lub nroog, yav tsaus ntuj tau mob siab rau kev nco txog cov kws sau paj huam thiab cov kws sau ntawv zoo, suav nrog Pushkin, muaj txhua xyoo. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub nroog Yerevan, nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tus naj npawb 8, coj lub npe ntawm AS Pushkin, nyob rau lub rau hli ntuj 6, cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb heev tau tsim txhua xyoo. Tej zaum, ob peb tus neeg paub tias muaj roob hla tsis deb ntawm lub peev ntawm Armenia, uas yog hu ua "Pushkin passes". Nws nyob ntawm no, raws li cov lus dab neeg, uas Pushkin ntsib Griboedov lub cev tsis muaj sia, uas tau raug thauj los ntawm Persia mus rau Russia. Nyob ntawd, ntawm qhov zoo nkauj kawg nkaus, tag nrho cov faus nyob rau hauv greenery ntawm oaks thiab elms, muaj ib tug monument rau tus poj kws sau paj lug. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv los ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv Armenian tuaj ntawm no hnub yug ntawm Alexander Pushkin, nteg paj, hais paj huam nyob rau ntawm ko taw ntawm lub monument, nyeem kab ntawm dab neeg, sib pauv tswv yim, thiab lwm yam.

Lwm tus neeg zoo yug ntawm Pushkin lub hnub yug

Nyob rau tib hnub thaum tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab tau yug los, tsuas yog 200 xyoo ua ntej nws, tus kws kos duab Spanish, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Baroque, Diego Rodriguez Velasquez, tau yug los. Tab sis yuav luag 100 xyoo tom qab, lub ntiaj teb nto moo Armenian composer, tus sau tej hauj lwm xws li lub ballet "Spartacus" thiab "Gayane" thiab ntau lwm tus neeg, Aram Khachaturian, tau yug los. Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug thiab tus txhais lus yug nyob rau tib hnubNikolay Ushakov.