Txhim kho cov duab geometric. Ornament styles. Ornament ntsiab

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Txiv kab ntxwv raws li ib hom kev kos duab syncretic muaj nws cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm. Tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv kho kom zoo nkauj nqa tej yam yees siv, tiv thaiv, txheeb xyuas, kho kom zoo nkauj ua haujlwm. Txog niaj hnub no, ornamental motifs puag ncig tib neeg txhua qhov chaw. Lawv siv tau tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub teb chaws costumes, tsim kev daws teeb meem sab hauv thiab ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no.

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws costumes, kho kom zoo nkauj cov tswv yim uas recreate ib ornament ntawm geometric duab yog ib tug indispensable attribute ntawm ua tiav lub tes tsho, hems, necklines ntawm lub tsho thiab dresses.

Nyob hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv sab hauv, feem ntau cov neeg tsim qauv kuj siv cov duab zoo sib xws, nrog rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hais txog qee qhov kev coj ua hauv tebchaws.

Kev faib tawm ntawm ornaments

Txhua haiv neeg muaj nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm ornaments, vim kev xav thiab thaj chaw. Cov masters lawv tus kheej kuj feem ntau muab ntau yam ntsiab lus thiab yog li tsim hom tshiab kho kom zoo nkauj. Yog li ntawd, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab txog kev faib tawm raws li kev ua tau zoo.

Hom ornament yog sawv cev los ntawm cov duab,painting thiab duab puab. Hauv daim ntawv, nws yog geometric lossis zaub, qee zaum nws siv cov ntawv zoo heev.

Qhov kev faib tawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kos duab zoo nkauj yog nws lub hauv paus, lub hom phiaj thiab cov ntsiab lus.

Hom ornament txawv hauv kev tsim kho thiab hu ua rosette, ciam teb thiab kev sib tham.

• Rosette yog ib qho kaw lus tsim siv lub dav hlau lossis axis ntawm symmetry. Nws ntau yam yog raws li nram no. Daim iav, axial (kev sib hloov version) thiab daim iav-axial symmetry (daim iav-tso), raws li cov qauv hauv lub voj voog tsim.
• Ib ciam teb yog ib qho kaw lus, ib qho khoom siv, lub tswv yim uas muaj kev sib dhos ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ob qho lus qhia. Nws tsim ib kab txaij.
• Kev Tshaj Tawm, lossis zoo li qub mesh ornament, yog qhov tsis muaj qhov txwv nyob rau hauv uas cov kab (los yog dav hlau ntawm symmetry) cuam tshuam ib leeg, tsim ib daim phiaj.

Sumero-Babylonian ornament form

Cov kab lis kev cai Sumerian-Babylonian tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians thiab Akkadians los ntawm 4 xyoo txhiab AD qhia rau cov txiv neej niaj hnub no cov cim ntawm Mesopotamian art. Nws, vim yog kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws nta, yog yam ntxwv ntawm uniformity thiab rationalism. Kev txi, kev tua tsiaj thiab lwm yam hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg Npanpiloo tau pom tseeb hauv kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua.

Kev cais cov keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab cov duab nws tus kheej, Mesopotamian ornament ntawm cov duab geometric muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj siabyooj yim lub suab. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov duab peb sab, cov voj voog yooj yim, cov squares yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab kos duab, sib piv nrog cov duab loj hauv nruab nrab. Qhov tsis muaj cov kab nkhaus, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv pyramidal ua rau cov ornament, cov duab uas tau muab hauv qab no, sib haum xeeb thiab sib npaug.

Khoom Plig ntawm Ancient Egypt

Thaum Iyiv thaum ub tau tso ib qho chaw nyob hauv daim duab Mesopotamia. Kev cai dab qhuas dogmas muab lub neej tom qab ntawm Egyptian saum lub ntiaj teb. Yog li ntawd, lub ornament ntawm cov duab geometric uas adorns cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov ntxa, sarcophagi thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas tau muab tso rau hauv qhov ntxa muaj qhov ua haujlwm zoo. Zoo li yuav tau sim ua kom tiav qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab.

Cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws thaum ub cov neeg Iyiv cov qauv tsim uas haum rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov kab paj ntoo yog cov paj ntoo thiab paj. Cov neeg Iyiv kuj siv cov xim sib txawv raws li tib neeg kev xav. Ntau lub suab nrov, tsaus nti thiab cov ntsiab lus sib txawv dub.

Aegean culture ornament

Kev vam meej Aegean suav nrog cov neeg uas nyob hauv thaj chaw Asia Me, Balkans, nrog rau cov Islands tuaj ntawm Cyclades thiab Crete. Vim lub fact tias Aegean kab lis kev cai yog ib tug synthesis ntawm lub Minoan thiab Mycenaean, tsis muaj kev ntseeg thiab artistic canonical siab pab txhawb rau lub expansion ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm ornaments mus rau tag nrho cov puab nto ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Tsis muaj cov kab lus piav qhia, friezes, siv tawv, tau tsim ib lub suab sib dhos ntawm qhov kawg unfolding thiabcov kab sib txuas. Ribbon kauv motifs ntws nyob ib ncig ntawm lub rosette, nthwv dej thiab yoog raws kauv curls, lub plawv zoo li daim duab ribbon, nplooj nplooj thiab tsiaj cov duab sau rau hauv lawv - tag nrho cov khoom siv ornamental sawv cev rau qhov kawg ntawm Cretan-Mycenaean sab hauv. Cov tswv thaum ub kuj muaj nyob rau ntawm lawv qhov chaw pov tseg ntau cov xim ntuj xim, uas lawv muab cov qauv ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.

Zigzag thiab checkerboard motifs yog qhov tsawg heev hauv cov khoom siv dai kom zoo nkauj. Cov kws tshawb fawb suav tias lawv yog cov qauv qub ntawm cov duab dej.

Khoom Plig ntawm Ancient Greece

Kev kos duab ornamental ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws tsim thiab yeej nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Namely vase painting thiab architecture. Los ntawm lawv ib tug yuav taug qab txhua theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Greek fine arts. Kho kom zoo nkauj los ntawm qhov yooj yim yoj-zoo li motifs thiab concentric lub voj voog hloov mus rau hauv ib qho ornament ntawm cov duab geometric: cov duab ntawm sab laug qhia txog theem tshiab hauv kev nkag siab zoo nkauj ntawm cov cim.

Muaj kev faib cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv txoj siv sia: sab saud "saum ntuj ceeb tsheej", nruab nrab thiab hiav txwv raws li kev xav txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv. Ntawm no yog ib tug linear meander tshwm - ib tug geometric zigzag, npog lub cev ntawm lub nkoj nrog cov hlua khov thiab pom tau tias yog lub cim ntawm dej.

Tshiab rau cov kos duab Greek thaum ub yog qhov zoo li ntawm lub palmette - nplooj zoo li qhib daim ntawv, kos rau hauv kab kab ornamental, crowning lub peev ntawm txhua kab nrog curls ntawm cov nyiaj uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev nco txogdaim hlau.

Yog li, tau muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tsev sab hauv sab hauv, txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj architectural forms thiab phab ntsa painting.

Khoom Plig ntawm Ancient Rome

Hauv Rome thaum ub muaj ob lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhim kho kev kos duab. Thawj, pre-republican, yog txuam nrog kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm Etruscan kab lis kev cai. Qhov thib ob, qhov tseeb Roman, yog cim los ntawm kev yeej ntawm Greek kos duab, uas tau hloov kho Roman stylistic thiab kos duab kho kom zoo nkauj.

Cov Etruscans yog tus tuav ntawm cov kab lis kev cai nplua nuj tshaj plaws. Lawv siv cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, griffins thiab palmettes los kho cov khaub ncaws, tsev, tombstones. Nyob rau hauv Roman costume, Etruscan cov ntaub ntawv ntawm decorating ntaub nrog crosses inscribed nyob rau hauv lub voj voog nrog dots tau imprinted.

Cov neeg Loos tau nthuav dav cov qauv xim zoo nkauj, pib siv qhov kev ua si ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg kom ua tiav qhov kev xav ntawm kev nce hauv lub tsev. Roman ornament, daim duab uas tau nthuav tawm rau sab laug, muaj cov ntaub ntawv cog qoob loo, nyob rau hauv vertically, symmetrical, rhythmic, zoo kawg nkaus ua ke nrog lub ntsiab kos duab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tha xim thiab ntxiv rau nws. Nws siv cov khoom ntawm lub neej zoo tib yam: thaj chaw, teeb taws, lub ntsej muag ua yeeb yam, suab paj nruag, cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Architectural Roman style yog qhov yeej thiab dhau nrog cov ntsiab lus. Kev siv lub nroog Kaulinthaus thiab nws cov kev kho kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau tus txiaj ntsig, cov ntawv palmettes thiab cov ntawv teev lus tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm lub tsev Roman. Cov xim txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom dai no ci ntsa iab thiab nplua nuj, tag nrho ntawm kev sib txawv txawv.

Arabic ornament

Ua ntej yuav coj Islam, cov Arabs tsis muaj lawv cov kab lis kev cai. Tab sis, tau kov yeej Palestine, Tim lyiv teb chaws, Syria thiab Persia, lawv tau tsim lawv tus kheej cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, kev sib raug zoo nrog kev ntseeg, nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws. Lub Qur'an txoj kev txwv ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm cov tsiaj nyob coj lub tswv yim zoo nkauj ntawm cov tswv thaum ub mus rau qib tshiab. Nws tsim cov qauv oriental luxurious, paub rau ib tug neeg nyob deb ntawm Islam rau nws infinity thiab ornateness. Arab kws kos duab siv ob qho tib si ornaments ntawm geometric duab thiab stylized dluab ntawm cov nroj tsuag, intertwining nrog ib leeg thiab tsim ib tug luxurious, breathtakingly complex npog. Nws yog nyob rau sab nrauv thiab sab hauv vaj tse thiab sab hauv ntawm cov tuam tsev, npog cov ntaub pua plag thiab khaub ncaws ntawm tib neeg, yog luam tawm ua duab hauv phau ntawv thiab siv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

Txoj hauv paus ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv ornamental

Kev sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si ywj pheej thiab ua tiav.

Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, txhua lub ntsiab lus yog nyob rau hauv nws lub ntsiab lus theoretical thiab yog nyob rau hauv tus txheeb ze ntawm cov classical compositional qauv los yog raws li lub canons ntawm ancient masters. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem muab tso nrog lossis tsis muaj qhov sib piv golden; Nrog rau kev siv ntawm qhov tseeb hloov pauv ntawm cov ntim thiab cov duab, lossis nrog kev siv cov tswv yim los ua kom cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab txo cov theem nrab, thiab lwm yam.

Yoglub ornament tsuas yog siv los ua ib feem ntawm cov duab, nws cov tsos thiab lub ntsiab lus tsis yog txo kom yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov ntev ntawm cov duab nws tus kheej raug txo qis heev, thiab cov qauv kev sib xyaw yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm qee qhov kev rov ua dua tshiab, tsim los tsis cuam tshuam rau tus neeg saib ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis ntxiv rau nws lub ntsiab lus nrog nws cov cim.

Kev siv cov motifs ornamentals hauv cov khoom dai

Kev siv lub teb chaws ornamental motifs nyob rau hauv decorating khoom thiab tsev neeg ib txwm tau dav. Lub neej niaj hnub yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv cov qauv zoo li no hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib tus neeg style ntawm lub tsev. Lub ornament tuaj yeem kho cov khoom ntawm lub vaj thiab cov chaw ua si. Kev dai khaub ncaws nrog lub teb chaws teeb tsa cov neeg nyob hauv lub siab nyiam, txhawb kev nyiam ntawm lwm tus hauv tus neeg ntawm nws tus tswv thiab tsuas yog coj tus neeg zest rau tus duab ntawm tus neeg.

Cov me nyuam ornaments hais txog pej xeem kos duab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lwm cov qauv. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm no yog cov khaub ncaws ritual tsim los ua kev zoo siab txhua hnub hnub nyoog thiab theem ntawm lub neej ntawm tus neeg.