2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Lub raj nplaim yog lub suab paj nruag woodwind, suav tias yog ib qho qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Thiab qhov tseeb, thawj lub tshuab raj, tsis zoo ib yam li cov niaj hnub no, tau tshwm sim heev, ntev dhau los. Txog rau tam sim no, hauv cov zos koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov neeg uas nyob hauv ob peb feeb tuaj yeem ua lub tshuab raj qub los ntawm cov ntoo qhuav, zoo li tau ua ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los. Flutes tau faib thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab mus los ntawm ntau lub npe sib txawv.
Dab tsi txawv?
Raws li txoj cai, lub suab hauv cov twj paj nruag cua yog muab rho tawm nrog ib tug reed los yog reed, tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug flute. Nyob rau hauv nws, suab paj nruag yog yug los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov huab cua ntws yog txiav nyob rau hauv ob. Qee hom flutes muaj xuav uas tsim los ua tib yam li kev ua kis las tsis tu ncua, thiab tom qab ntawd tus flutist tsuas yog xav tau tshuab cua thiab ua si. Yog tias tsis muaj xuav, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag nws tus kheej yuav tsum coj cov kwj deg ntawm huab cua kom nws hla ntawm ntug. Qhov no mechanism yog siv nyob rau hauv lub orchestral transverse flute, raws li zoo raws li ib co pej xeem, piv txwv li, Japanese (shakuhachi).
Nyob twj ywm
Raws li txoj cai, pej xeem ntau yam ntawm flutes tau ntev, uas yog, thaum ua si, lawv nyob rau hauv vertically. Feem ntau, lub xuav kuj tshwm sim (li no lub npe ntawm tsev neeg xuav xuav). Qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog Irish whistles, Slavic sopilkas,cov kav dej thiab ocarinas. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv, tab sis cov recorder yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tua cov txheej txheem. Nws muaj ntau yam piv rau lwm tus, thiab tsis khi rau ib qho tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, xuav xuav tuaj yeem ua si hauv ib tus yuam sij nkaus xwb, thiab cov kws ntaus nkauj yuav tsum hloov ob peb xuav los ntawm ib zaj nkauj rau ib zaj nkauj).
Lub kaw lus muaj xya lub qhov nyob rau pem hauv ntej thiab ib qho nyob tom qab. Nyob rau hauv lem, muaj ntau yam ntawm recorders txuam nrog ntau yam: ntses bass thaj tsam, tenor, alto, soprano thiab soprano. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua si lawv zoo ib yam, tsuas yog qhov sib txawv thiab qhov loj ntawm cov twj paj nruag nce nrog kev txo qis. Txog rau thaum xyoo pua 18th, bluffkleite tau siv nyob rau hauv lub orchestra, tab sis tau hloov pauv los ntawm lub tshuab raj nplaim, uas muaj lub suab nrov, ci ntsa iab thiab ntau yam.
rau orchestra
Hauv kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag, raws li txoj cai, siv lub tshuab raj transverse, yog tias daim ntawv ua tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lwm yam (piv txwv li, ib daim rau lub kaw lus). Nws qhov ntau yog ntau tshaj peb octaves, pib los ntawm B hauv qhov me me octave thiab xaus nrog daim ntawv F-ntse hauv plaub octave. Flute sau ntawv yog sau nyob rau hauv treble clef. Cov ntoo yog txawv: me ntsis muffled, ntxhi nyob rau hauv qis, meej thiab pob tshab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, nrov, hnyav nyob rau hauv lub Upper… Lub transverse flute yog ib tug suab paj nruas ntsuas uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si symphony thiab tooj dag bands, thiab feem ntau nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Chamber ensembles. Lub tshuab raj qub tshaj plaws tau pom nyob rau xyoo pua tsib BC, hauv ib lub qhov ntxa hauv Suav teb.
Thawj qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau ua nyob rau hauv Baroque era. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, transverse flutes ntawm ib tug tshiab tsim pib sib tw nrog cov recorders siv nyob rau hauv orchestras, thiab ces hloov tag nrho lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo pua nees nkaum uas cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm cov hlau tau nthuav dav.
Lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub tshuab raj tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim: orchestral solos feem ntau tau tso siab rau nws, thiab ntau yam haujlwm xav tau kev ua yeeb yam hnyav los ntawm flutist. Muaj ntau ntau yam uas tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis lossis nce cov npe: bass flute, alto, piccolo flute thiab lwm yam, tsis tshua muaj. Qhov tseeb lom zem: ib qho ntawm Mozart qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog hu ua The Magic Flute.
Ncaj nraim los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws
Tseem muaj lwm hom tsiaj uas dais lub npe zoo nkauj "syringa". Siringa (flute) yog ib lub suab paj nruag ntawm Greeks thaum ub, muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov flute niaj hnub longitudinal. Nws txawm hais hauv Iliad. Muaj ib leeg-barreled thiab ntau-barreled sirings (tom qab ntawd hu ua "Pan flutes"). Raws li txoj cai, lo lus no tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias ua "pipe". Ancient shepherds thiab peasants brightened lawv lub sij hawm so los ntawm kev ua si syringa, tab sis nws kuj tau siv rau suab paj nruag nrog rau ntau yam theem ua.
Yias flute yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej siv cua tsis zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yog ib qho system ntawm cov raj ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv, qhib rau ntawm ib sab thiab kaw rau lwm qhov. Cov cuab yeej no tsuas yog ua si hauv ib tus yuam sij xwb, tab sis lub suab yeej paub. Yuav luag txhua leej txhua tus: lub suab paj nruag nto moo "Tus Tswv Yug Yaj Kho Siab" tau ua si ntawm lub tshuab raj nplaim.
Lwm haiv neeg
Cua tshuab tau ubiquitous. Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, muaj ib tug transverse flute di, uas yog ua tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm tsoos reeds thiab xyoob, tab sis tej zaum kuj los ntawm pob zeb, mas jade.
Muaj lub tshuab raj hloov pauv hauv tebchaws Ireland, nws dais lub npe sib xws - Irish flute - thiab feem ntau yog sawv cev hauv "qhov yooj yim", thaum lub qhov (muaj rau tag nrho) tsis raug kaw nrog li qub.
Nyob rau hauv Latin America, lub longitudinal kena flute muaj ntau, feem ntau nws muaj G (G) system.
Lavxias teb sab woodwind flutes yog sawv cev los ntawm svirel, uas tuaj yeem ua ib leeg-txias thiab ob-txheej txheem, snort thiab nws ntau yam los ntawm thaj av Kursk - pyzhatka.
Ib qho cuab yeej yooj yim yog lub ocarina. Nws yog tsim los ntawm av nplaum thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm Tuam Tshoj thaum ub thiab lwm yam kab lis kev cai. Cov qauv qub tshaj plaws ntawm ocarina pom los ntawm archaeologists muaj 12,000 xyoo.
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