2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Txawm thaum menyuam yaus, peb tau paub txog cov paj huam zoo siab ntawm Julian Tuvim: txog lub lauj kaub Trulyalinsky, tus phauj Valya thiab iav, cov tsiaj ntawv uas poob ntawm qhov cub, tus neeg ruam Janek, txog zaub uas tus tswv tsev coj los ntawm lub khw.. Cov kab zoo thiab zoo siab ntawm Tuwim cov paj huam tseem nyob hauv peb lub cim xeeb ntev. Cov me nyuam zoo nkauj kws sau paj huam Samuil Marshak qhia peb txog cov nqe no.
Qee tus me nyuam thiab lawv niam lawv txiv tsis txawm xav tias lawv nyiam kab paj huam tsis yog sau los ntawm Marshak, tab sis los ntawm lwm tus. Tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv Russia paub txog Tuwim, cia peb sim ua qhov sib txawv no.
Yulian Tuwim: biography, muaj tswv yim
Nws lub neej muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Ntau tus neeg ntseeg tias Julian Tuwim yog menyuam yaus tus kws sau paj huam. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsawg tus neeg paub tias nws sau rau cov neeg laus, nws tau ua ntau yam kev txhais lus. Nws yog tus txiv neej no uas tau qhia Poland rau Lavxias teb sab cov ntawv nyeem. Cov paj huam ntawm Alexander Pushkin, Boris Pasternak, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Afanasy Fet thiab txawm "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" tau qhib rau cov Ncej los ntawm Julian Tuvim.
Nws hnub yug yog Cuaj Hlis 18, 1884. Nwsyug hauv Polish nroog Lodz nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg Yudais, tab sis ib txwm suav hais tias nws tus kheej yog Pole. Txij thaum yug los, tus me nyuam yaus hnov lus Polish, nws yawg ua hauj lwm hauv Polish magazine, nws niam hu nkauj thiab nyeem paj huam hauv Polish. Tsev neeg nyob tsis tau zoo thiab tsis muaj kev phooj ywg, tab sis tus me nyuam tub zoo siab, yuav ua li cas ib tug yuav zoo siab thiab tsis tu siab tsuas yog thaum yau.
Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Julian nyiam tib neeg, tab sis cov kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag tau muab nrog kev nyuaj, tshwj xeeb yog lej, vim nws Tuwim txawm nyob rau xyoo thib ob hauv qib rau. Tom qab kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws nkag mus hauv University of Warsaw, thawj zaug ntawm chav haujlwm ntawm txoj cai lij choj, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau chav haujlwm philological, tab sis nws yeej tsis ua tiav. Kev ua yeeb yam cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kawm txhua lub sijhawm.
Thaum pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nws twb sib yuav lawm, tsis muaj me nyuam nyob hauv tsev, tab sis ob niam txiv tau tsa ib tug ntxhais. Txhawm rau cawm lawv txoj sia, lawv raug yuam kom khiav tawm tebchaws Poland. Cov Tuwims tau siv sijhawm xya xyoo nyob rau hauv exile. Lub teb chaws twg tsis tau mus xyuas lub sijhawm no: Romania, Fabkis, Brazil, Ltalis, America. Lawv rov qab mus rau tebchaws Poland tsuas yog ib xyoos tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Tsuas yog ua tsaug rau cov lus thiab nws qhov kev txawj ntse tsis txaus ntseeg, Julian Tuwim tau dim cov xyoo nyuaj no. Phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tus txiv neej no muaj ntau qhov kev tu siab thiab kev txhawj xeeb, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, nws yeej ib txwm muaj kev cia siab thiab kis rau cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws.
nyiam ua haujlwm
Nws nyiam chemistry, nws nyiam ua ntau yam kev sim. Ib qho ntawm cov kev sim no yuav luag xaus rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, qhov tawg tau tshwm sim hauv chav kuaj hauv tsev. Tom qab ntawdJulian txiav txim siab xaiv qhov kev nyiam ua kom tawg tsawg thiab pib sau cov nyiaj muas thiab npauj npaim.
Tab sis nws nyiam ua si ua haujlwm nrog cov lus. Nws nyiam hais lus rau lawv, los nrog cov kev sib txuas tshiab. Nws tuaj yeem sau rau hauv nqe lus ib qho qauv hauv lej thiab ib qho excerpt los ntawm cov ntawv keeb kwm. Txawm hais tias Tuwim nyiam cov lus sib dhos, nws tsis pib sau paj huam tam sim ntawd. Rau qhov no, qee qhov laj thawj, kev poob siab, xav tau. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum Julian tau paub txog cov paj huam ntawm Leopold Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm. Nws zaj paj huam ntaus tus tub hluas txoj kev xav, zoo siab rau nws tus plig, thiab muaj lub siab xav los sau paj huam rau nws tus kheej.
Poet Julian Tuwim
Thawj zaug luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm kws tshaj lij, nws tau txhais ob zaj nkauj ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm rau Esperanto. Nws yuav tau txhais lus thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Hauv ob xyoos nws yuav sau nws thawj zaj paj huam "Thov".
Cov kws sau paj huam nyiam, uas Tuwim ib txwm xav saib, yog Arthur Rimbaud, Kokhanovsky, Slovatsky, Alexander Pushkin, Alexander Blok, tom qab Vladimir Mayakovsky. Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv prose, Tuwim nyiam cov dab neeg ntawm Nikolai Gogol, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub voj voog ntawm St. Petersburg.
Rau qee lub sijhawm tus kws sau ntawv sau rau theem: vaudeville, humoresque, tab sis cov paj huam tiag tiag tseem yeej. Tuwim nyob rau hauv ib tug era ntawm kev sib raug zoo upheaval: lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Russia, lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thawj zaug, lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog thib ob, txoj hauj lwm ntawm Poland, yog li ntawd nws cov paj huam yog ib tug nom tswv xwm. Nws tsis tuaj yeem nyob deb ntawm qhov tau tshwm sim, thiab tag nrho nws txoj kev xav, nws txoj kev npau taws ntawm qhov tshwm sim, pomtso tawm hauv nqe lus. Cov phooj ywg tsis to taub nws, thiab cov yeeb ncuab ntxub nws, tab sis tus kws sau paj huam ua tsis tau lwm yam. Ib zaug uas tau taug txoj kev ua qhov tseeb, Tuwim yuav tsis tig mus.
Ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws tseem yog kev thuam, nws nyiam sau ntawv epigrams, aphorisms. Cov kab tom ua rau cov neeg nyeem tuag ntawm kev luag thiab yuav cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas Julian Tuwim tsuas yog luam tawm xwb. Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws yuav luag tsis sau paj huam, thiab txawm tias cov uas nws sau, nws muab tso rau hauv ib lub tub rau khoom, ntau yam uas cov Poles nyeem tau tsuas yog tom qab nws tuag. Tuwim cov paj huam muaj cov ntsiab lus philosophical thiab ua rau koj nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom nws sau txog.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau paj huam
1. Tsis txhob ntsuas ib tug neeg los ntawm haiv neeg, tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm qhov nws yog: ntse los yog ruam, cunning los yog yooj yim, phem los yog zoo.
2. Tsis txhob sawv ib sab ntawm cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo. Kev nom kev tswv tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm, yog tus neeg muaj lub siab xav, nws tsis tuaj yeem sawv ntawm nws.
3. Txhawm rau ua siab ntev rau txhua yam kev nyuaj hauv lub neej nrog kev lom zem.
Paj paj ntawm teb chaws Poland
Yulian Tuwim pib sau nws txoj haujlwm loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv exile. "Flowers of Poland" - zaj paj huam no tseem ceeb heev rau cov Poles xws li rau Russians "Eugene Onegin" los ntawm Pushkin thiab rau lus Askiv "Don Juan" los ntawm Byron. Nws cov neeg thuam hu nws ua ib phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Polish lub neej. Nws sau yuav luag cuaj txhiab kab, tab sis, hmoov tsis, Tuwim tsis muaj sij hawm los ua kom tiav txoj hauj lwm no.
Polish kws sau paj lug Yaroslav Ivashkevich hu ua Tuwim ib tug sorcerer,leej twg knits bouquets ntawm paj. Thiab hais txog zaj paj huam nws hais tias koj tuaj yeem mloog thiab nyeem tsis kawg, txaus siab rau cov suab nkauj ntawm cov kab.
Ilya Ehrenburg thiab Tuvim
Yulian hlub Russia heev, Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, nws ib txwm tu siab tias nws tsis siv lub xyoo ntawm nws yuam emigration nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no.
Xyoo 1922 nws tau ntsib tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias Ilya Ehrenburg. Lawv yooj yim nrhiav tau ib hom lus, nws yog qhov nthuav heev rau lawv sib txuas lus, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau ntsib ntau zaus. Ehrenburg tau hais txog Tuwim uas yog ib tus tswv zoo nrog tus ntsuj plig dawb huv thiab hais tias "Kuv hlub ob peb tus neeg uas muaj kev hlub tshua thiab muaj kev ntseeg heev…"
Tsim nyog lees paub
Txhua yam uas tus neeg txawj ntse no tau ua, nws ua tau zoo heev. Satirical tej hauj lwm, paj huam rau cov me nyuam, sau ntawv xov xwm, ci ntsa iab translations - dab tsi Julian Tuwim ua nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Paj huam…Tam sim no nws yog tus uas tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj hmoo, nws mob siab rau nws lub neej, luv luv, tab sis ci ntsa iab.
Nyob hauv tsev, Tuwim lub peev xwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig tom qab kev txiav txim ntawm Kev Rov Ua Dua Tshiab ntawm Poland. Nws tau nco txog thiab qhuas txawm ntau xyoo tom qab nws tuag, 2013 nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Tuwim tau tshaj tawm tias lub xyoo ntawm nws nco.
Ntshai, zoo li lub pas dej los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, muaj kev lom zem lom zem, cov paj huam ntawm Julian Tuwim tau raug suav nrog hauv cov nyiaj txiag kub ntawm paj huam rau menyuam yaus. Ntau tshaj ib tiam yuav loj hlob tuaj rau lawv, thiab niaj hnub no cov me nyuam yuav nyeem cov paj huam uas zoo kawg nkaus no rau lawv cov me nyuam.
Pom zoo:
Poet Lev Ozerov: biography thiab creativity
Tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus paub tias tus sau cov lus nto moo-aphorism "cov txuj ci xav tau kev pab, kev sib haum xeeb yuav tawg los ntawm lawv tus kheej" yog Lev Adolfovich Ozerov, Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug, kws kho mob ntawm Philology, xibfwb ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Txhais Lus ntawm A.M. Gorky Literary Institute . Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav tham txog L. Ozerov thiab nws txoj haujlwm
Poet Sergei Orlov: biography thiab creativity
Tiv thaiv Niam Txiv, tus kws sau paj huam yuav luag hlawv hauv lub tank, thiab tag nrho nws lub neej nws tau nkaum nws lub ntsej muag uas raug kub hnyiab, tso nws hwj txwv mus. Thiab Motherland tiv thaiv tus kws sau paj huam raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas nws ua tau, muab khoom plig, xaj thiab khoom plig rau nws. Nws yeej yuav tuag hauv nws lub suab nrov nrov thiab twb hlawv lub tank lawm. Lub puav pheej "Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Leningrad" nres ib feem ya mus rau hauv siab. Xws li tus kws sau paj lug - Sergey Orlov, uas nws biography yog nyeem zoo li ib tug dab neeg
Poet George Byron: biography thiab creativity
Nws paub tias A.S. Pushkin suav hais tias yog tus txawj ntse ntawm tus kws sau paj huam no. Cov neeg Askiv nrov heev nrog cov Decembrists. Belinsky, ib tug zoo heev Lavxias teb sab neeg thuam, kuj tsis quav ntsej nws. Nws hais txog Byron uas yog ib tug kws sau paj huam uas tau pab txhawb rau ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv. Xav paub nws zoo dua? Peb muab rau koj nyeem cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog Byron
Poet Vvedensky Alexander: biography thiab creativity
Vvedensky Alexander tau ntev tau paub rau ntau tus neeg nyeem tshwj xeeb tshaj yog menyuam yaus tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam. Tsuas yog ib lub voj voog uas tau xaiv xwb thiaj paub tias nws muaj tej hauj lwm loj thiab tob uas tsim los rau cov neeg tuaj saib sib txawv kiag li cov me nyuam me
Poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko: biography thiab creativity
Yevgeny Yevtushenko (saib daim duab hauv qab no) yog tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias. Nws kuj tau koob meej raws li ib tug screenwriter, publicist, prose sau ntawv, director thiab actor. Lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj huam thaum yug - Gangnus