2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Hauv Soviet Union, txhua tus paub tias Igor Grabar yog leej twg. Cov painting "Lub peb hlis ntuj Snow" twb paub los ntawm cov phau ntawv. Ib tug zoo kawg li Lavxias teb sab artist, ib tug naas ej restorer, txawj ntse kos duab critic, uas twb muab tsub lub Stalin nqi zog rau nws ob-ntim monograph ntawm Ilya Repin, Igor Emmanuilovich tau hlub los ntawm ntau tus neeg rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb thiab zoo nkauj toj roob hauv pes ntawm Lavxias teb sab xwm.
Russian artist yug txawv teb chaws
Nws txiv yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Austrian parliament, yog li yav tom ntej tus neeg hu nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Grabar (cov duab "Lub Ob Hlis Xiav" yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov no) yug hauv Budapest. Nws ua kev cai raus dej nyob rau hauv Orthodoxy, thiab nws txiv ntxawm los ua tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab artist Kustodiev, uas tom qab ntawd yuav pleev xim rau lub nto moo portrait ntawm Igor Emmanuilovich. Nyob rau hauv 1880 Olga Grabar coj nws tus tub mus rau Russia. Nws tau mus kawm lub gymnasium hauv Yegorievsk, Ryazan xeev. Ces muaj ib tug kub puav pheej rau kev cob qhia nyob rau hauvMoscow Lyceum ntawm Tsarevich Nikolai (1889), kws qhia ntawv ntawm txoj cai ntawm St. Petersburg University, uas nws kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1893, thiab kev xaiv ntawm lub ntsiab lag luam ntawm nws lub neej. I. E. Grabar, uas nws painting "Balustrade" (1901) tshaj tawm tias nws yog ib tug txawj ntse thiab thawj tus tswv, dhau los ua ib tug kws kos duab. Thaum nws lub neej nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nws tau mus xyuas lub rhiav Ilya Repin, uas tau los ua nws tus mlom rau lub neej, nrog rau Andrei Rublev. Malyavin, Bilibin, Somov kawm nrog nws tib lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias Imperial Academy of Arts.
Ua
Xyoo 1895 tus kws kos duab tawm mus rau Ltalis thiab ntxiv mus thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Grabar rov qab mus rau Russia nyob rau hauv 1901, thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab xwm qhib ua ntej nws nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab foundations. Tus kws kos duab tau sim qhia lub zog ntawm nws qhov kev poob siab nrog ob peb lub canvases - "White Winter", "March Snow".
Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj xiav
Qhov kev tshwm sim yog daim ntaub, uas nyob rau hauv 1904 tau pleev xim los ntawm Igor Grabar - "Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj Xiav". Daim duab yog tag nrho ntawm cov paj huam tshwj xeeb, ib qho uas suab hauv B. Pasternak cov paj huam “Lub Ob Hlis. Tau tus cwj mem thiab quaj! Sau txog lub ob hlis ntuj sobbing. Thiab Grabar pleev xim rau nws daim duab, ib yam nkaus, quaj quaj. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm nws cov duab kos duab tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov canvases uas tsim tus sau ntawm nws tus kheej lub npe. Tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej nyiam heev ntawm cov haujlwm no, uas qhia txog lub hnub ci, tseem lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow. Hauv kev xyiv fab uas dhau los ntawm daim duab, ua pa me ntsis ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav twb hnov.
Tus kws kos duab pleev xim nws tus kheej hauv Dugino. Txhawm rau qhia qhov kev ncua deb ntawm hav zoov mus rauLub qab ntug, thiab huab cua loj heev tawm tsam lub ntuj azure, Grabar xaiv lub kaum sab xis, zoo li nws yog, me ntsis los ntawm hauv qab, uas nws khawb qhov tob tob hauv cov daus thiab muab nws tus kheej tso rau ntawd nrog lub easel. Tus kws kos duab xav tias yog tias nws tuaj yeem qhia yam tsawg kawg ntawm qhov kev zoo nkauj uas nws pom, nws yuav tau txais daim ntaub zoo nkauj.
Txoj kev ntxim nyiam ntawm daim duab yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov ntoo zoo li seev cev ncig lub hauv paus birch, tus kws kos duab nyiam tsob ntoo. Qhov loj ntawm daim duab yog 104 cm siab thiab 80 cm dav. Nws zoo heev uas nws tau txais tam sim ntawd los ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Tretyakov Gallery. Txoj hauj lwm no yog rau hnub no yog ib qho ntawm nws cov masterpieces tseem ceeb. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv tias cov canvas yog ib daim duab zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Lub caij ntuj no, tshav, birch, te…
Lwm tus masterpiece tsim los ntawm Grabar yog Hoarfrost, 1905 painting. Yog hais tias nws pleev xim rau nws ib leeg, nws tseem yuav nyob hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm nws cov xeeb ntxwv, thiab hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm kev pleev xim. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov tsis tshua muaj paintings uas tsis tso leej twg indifferent. Nws qhuas qhov kev zoo nkauj thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Russia thiab hauv nws tus kheej ua kom pom qhov zoo nkauj Lavxias teb sab painting.
Feem ntau, Grabar nyiam kos lub caij ntuj no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog daus. Nws ntseeg hais tias nrog lub caij ntuj no tawm mus, toj roob hauv pes poob ntau heev. Thaum pom cov ntoo npog nrog hoarfrost, yuav luag txhua zaus thiab txhua tus muaj kev sib piv nrog cov dab neeg: "Tag nrho cov ntoo nyob rau hauv hoarfrost, zoo li nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj, zoo li ib tug zoo kawg nkaus fairy taleas nyob rau hauv lub vaj hnub no …" Thiab txhua leej txhua tus paub. S. Yesenin cov paj huam txog birch nyob rau hauv silver. Txhua qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntuj, hu los ntawm ntau tus kws sau paj huam zoo heev, tau tshwm sim hauv qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb no. Grabar, nws daim duabmob siab rau lub caij ntuj no, pleev xim rau hoarfrost, uas "glistens nrog lub neej zoo." Nws ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj tsawg heev xws li polyphonic lub sij hawm raws li Frost nyob rau hauv ib hnub tshav ntuj, thiab lawv yog txawv txawv fleeting. Teeb pom kev hloov pauv txhua lub sijhawm, yug rau cov qauv xim tshwj xeeb.
Nws tus kheej hu ua cov ceg npog nrog hoarfrost, pob zeb diamond lace, sparkling nrog tag nrho cov xim ntawm "turquoise enamel ntawm lub ntuj." Ntawm lub canvas ntsuas 122.4 x 160.3, tag nrho cov saum toj no yog xa nrog lub zog zoo heev. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lub caij ntuj no toj roob hauv pes ntawm I. Grabar yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog "Hoarfrost". Lub caij ntuj no, tshav ntuj hnub, kev zoo nkauj ntawm birch, lub cim ntawm Russia thiab Lavxias teb sab xwm, siab, nrog ib tug lush crown, silvered thiab zoo li ringing. Lawv cov ceg pov xiav, xiav thiab ntshav ntxoov ntxoo rau saum daus. Beauties zoo siab thiab txaus siab rau lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm no, txhua yam yog txawv, nws surprises thiab shocks tus saib. Sau nyob rau hauv cov roj, nyob rau hauv me me fractional strokes (divisionism), daim duab ua rau tib neeg tham txog tus sau raws li tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab impressionism. Cov canvas tau khaws cia hauv Yaroslavl Art Museum.
Grabar muaj ob peb daim duab sib txawv nrog lub npe no, thiab lawv txhua tus zoo heev, tab sis kev ua haujlwm xyoo 1905 zoo dua li lwm tus. Thaum lawv hu ua Grabar's birch, lawv tsis muab piv rau ib yam dab tsi. Lo lus "supernatural tree" zoo nkaus li haum nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
…Yesenin zaj dab neeg, yuav luag hauv phau Vajlugkub…
Lwm tus duab los ntawm tus kws kos duab no tau tsim los rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov canons ntawm impressionism. Nov yog lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1904 tau hais los saum no. Ntawm no, raws li nyob rau hauv ob yav dhau loscanvases, daus nyob rau hauv lub hnub, uas tau kov yeej tus ntsuj plig ntawm artist mus ib txhis, yog glorified. Nws qhia txog qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig, uas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm los ntawm txhua qhov ntxoov xiav, ntshav, lilac. Kev dag ntxias lub Peb Hlis ntawm Russia tau qhia qhov tseeb yog qhov tseeb: nws twb yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tab sis cov daus tsis txawm xav tias yuav yaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov ntawm lub caij yog lub cev xav tau, txawm tias Frost.
Daim ntaub qhia txog tus poj niam hluas nqa thoob dej rau ntawm tus quab. Nws yuav zoo li hais tias ib txwm nyob deb nroog toj roob hauv pes - vaj tse, twb snowless ntoo, uas buds yuav sai sai no tshwm sim, hurried peasant poj niam, uas yog cheered los ntawm Frost. Tab sis lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub canvas yog daus. Nws tsis yog ci ntsa iab, zoo li lub caij ntuj no, nws tsis yog daus dawb, tab sis tseem muaj ntau ntawm nws. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub foreground ntawm daim duab, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ntau lub teeb ci ntsa iab. Lub canvas yog tag nrho ntawm kev ntxim nyiam. Cov duab yog me dua li cov lus piav qhia saum toj no - tsuas yog 80 x 62 cm. Nws yog khaws cia hauv Tretyakov Gallery.
Txhua tus neeg nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws paub qhov chaw zoo nkauj ntawm Lavxias teb sab los ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse xws li Savrasov, Vasiliev, Shishkin, Levitan. Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, Cov Neeg Artist ntawm Russia, uas yog thawj zaug ntawm cov neeg pleev kob Soviet tau txais txiaj ntsig lub npe hu ua "Honored Artist", tsim nyog txuas ntxiv rau qib no. Nws qhov chaw ua ntej kev hloov pauv tau zoo heev, tab sis cov canvases pleev xim rau hauv lub sijhawm Soviet tsis zoo dua. Tus hu nkauj ntawm frosty tshav ntuj lub caij ntuj no thiab thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, Grabar tseem yog ib tug zoo neeg pleev kob txawm nyob rau hauv lub xeev tshiab qauv.
Pom zoo:
Muag Khoom Zoo Tshaj Plaws: Cov Qauv Suab Nkauj, Kev Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij thiab Kev Muag Khoom
Ntau lub sijhawm dhau los, tib neeg tsis siv discs, cassettes lossis cov ntaub ntawv yas, nyiam mloog nkauj hauv Is Taws Nem. Thiab tsuas yog cov kiv cua nyiam tshaj plaws tau luam tawm ntawm lub cev tawm, vim tias txoj kev no koj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa tus kws kos duab thiab ua rau lub cim xeeb ntawm cov khoom tom ntej. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov qeb duas ntawm cov khoom muag zoo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, cia mus
Lavxias teb sab kws ua yeeb yam ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th los ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntxias
Pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th yog lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting. Iconography ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 18th pib ua tus tswv ntau yam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo thiab lawv cov haujlwm
Daim ntawv teev cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws (cov phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws detective phau ntawv: ib daim ntawv teev. Detectives: ib daim ntawv teev cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov kab lus sau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws sau ntawv ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai, uas nws cov haujlwm yuav tsis tso tseg tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kiv cua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam
Npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting. Cov duab ntawm ancient Lavxias teb sab painting
Cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab hnub qub duab los ntawm tus neeg pleev kob Andrei Rublev - "Kev Tshaj Tawm", "Archangel Gabriel", "Descent into Hell" thiab ntau lwm tus - tau paub dav txawm tias cov neeg tsis txaus siab. hauv art
Painting los ntawm A. Kuindzhi "Birch Grove": Lavxias teb sab optimism embodied nyob rau hauv toj roob hauv pes
Qhov kev nthuav qhia tom ntej - twb yog thib xya hauv kab - ntawm Wanderers tau cog lus tseg, raws li ib txwm muaj, ntau yam khoom tshiab thiab cov kev daws teeb meem tsis xav txog. Cov pej xeem tab tom nrhiav rau pem hauv ntej tsis yog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov masters uas twb tau lees paub lawm, tab sis kuj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov npe tshiab ua haujlwm hauv cov style ntawm realism. Qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia no yog Kuindzhi painting "Birch Grove"
