Ferdinand Hodler: phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv, ua haujlwm ua tus kws kos duab, ua haujlwm nto moo

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Ferdinand Hodler (1853-1918) yog ib tus kws ua yeeb yam ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries thaum ntxov, uas nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm nws contemporaries yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nto moo artists. Txog 100 daim duab loj thiab ntau dua 40 daim duab kos qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov xwm txheej hauv tus kws kos duab txoj haujlwm uas tau pab txhawb rau nws txoj kev vam meej hauv lub tebchaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb.

Short biography

Ferdinand Hodler yug hauv tsev neeg txom nyem hauv Bern. Nws txiv ua haujlwm ua ib tug kws ntoo, nws niam ua haujlwm ua zaub mov hauv tsev lojcuj. Ferdinand yog tus menyuam hlob hauv tsev neeg. Nws cov kwv tij thiab cov muam tau tuag vim tuberculosis. Tus kab mob no coj nws niam nws txiv mus rau qhov ntxa, thawj zaug hauv 1860 nws txiv, thiab xya xyoo tom qab nws niam.

Tom qab nws txiv tuag, nws niam rov qab yuav tus kws kos duab zoo nkauj Gottlieb Schulbach. Ferdinand tus txiv leej tub yog tus txiv neej uas sawv hauv tus menyuam nyiam ua duab. Ua hauj lwm hauv kev cob qhia kos duab, nws qhia tus tub kom kos duab. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum peb, Ferdinand txiav txim siab mus ua haujlwm nrog lwm tus kws ua yeeb yam.

Internship with famous artists

Los ntawm 1868 txog 1870Hodler kawm kev lag luam los ntawm cov neeg pleev kob toj roob hauv pes Ferdinand Sommer los ntawm Veduta hauv Thun. Nws tsim cov toj roob hauv pes tsim los ntawm Genevan Alpine cov neeg pleev kob François Didai (1802-1877) thiab Alexandre Calame (1810-1864), uas nws muag khoom plig rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas tsis muaj kev cia siab.

Thaum nws txiv txiv tsiv mus rau Boston nrog nws cov menyuam yaus (1871), Ferdinand tau tso nws tus kws cob qhia, tus kws kos duab toj roob hauv pes, los ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Barthelemy Menn. Tsis muaj nyiaj txaus, nws kov yeej ib feem ntawm txoj kev mus rau Geneva ntawm ko taw. Nws txoj kev txhawb siab los ntawm kev muaj siab xav paub cov tswv yim tshiab.

Study in Geneva

Los ntawm 1873 txog 1878, Ferdinand Hodler tau kawm hauv Geneva ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Fine Arts nrog Barthelemy Menn, tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1780-1867). Menn tau mob siab rau kev kos duab ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam tshiab, nrog rau kev tsim tawm ntawm lub teeb thiab xim. Xyoo 1874, Hodler tau sau ib txheej kaum nqe lus txib uas nws tau sau tseg lub hauv paus ntawm nws txoj kev xav kos duab, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo, Hodler muaj hnub nyoog 21 xyoos yeej Concours Calame thawj zaug nrog Waldinneres [Le Nant de Frontex].

Hodler tau pleev xim rau nws tus tij laug Theophilus Augustus, nrog rau ntau daim duab ntawm nws tus txiv ntxawm Friedrich Neukomm, thiab nthuav tawm nws "Tus Kheej Portrait (Student)" ntawm ib qho ntawm nws thawj lub teb chaws exhibition hauv Geneva. Txoj hauj lwm "Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm" - los ntawm thiab loj, tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab ntawm cov duab dav dav ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, muaj nyob hauv txhua lub sijhawm.

Hauv xyoo 1876, Ferdinand Hodler koom nrogLub teb chaws kev sib hloov ntawm Swiss Art Association (Lub Peb Hlis mus txog Lub Kaum Hli). Xyoo 1877, mus saib lub Louvre thawj zaug hauv Paris.

Ferdinand's Travels

Ferdinand tau siv sijhawm ob xyoos (1878-1879) taug kev. Cov no yog kev mus ncig los ntawm Lyon, Marseille thiab Barcelona mus rau Madrid, qhov chaw Hodler nrhiav pom kos duab ntawm Francisco de Goya. Lub Prado siv yim lub hlis pleev xim rau Italian Renaissance thiab Fabkis, Flemish thiab Spanish xyoo pua 17th.

Nws palette tshem tawm thiab Hodler pleev xim rau plein huab cua toj roob hauv pes ncig Geneva. Nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm Ferdinand, sau nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub cov ntsiab lus, tus cwj pwm ntawm Italian masters, uas nws kawm thaum mus txawv tebchaws rau Spain, muaj feem xyuam rau. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Hodler, ib tug ua ke ntawm style yog manifested: post-impressionism thiab symbolism. Ntawm nws cov canvases, nws piav qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv qhov qhib huab cua. Nws txaus kom nco qab lub npe nrov "Woodcutter" Ferdinand Hodler, uas nws tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau yam versions. Nws painting tau siv los piav txog Swiss 50-franc daim ntawv.

Rov qab hauv Geneva, nws nkag mus hauv University of Geneva mus koom kev qhuab qhia los ntawm naturalist Karl Vogt (1817-1895) ntawm kev sib piv lub cev thiab geology.

Studio ua haujlwm

Thaum ntxov 1881, Hodler tau tsiv mus rau ib lub studio ntawm 35 Grand Rue hauv Geneva, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm txog xyoo 1902. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo no, nws koom nrog hauv Thawj International Exhibition hauv London, nthuav tawm ob thaj chaw. Koom tes ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke ntawm Bourbaki panorama los ntawm Eduard Katres hauv Lucerne.

In 1881Hodler tau koom nrog hauv kev nthuav qhia thoob ntiaj teb hauv London thawj zaug. Schwingerumzug yog thawj hom kev nthuav qhia loj ntawm cov duab los ntawm Ferdinand Hodler. Ntawm Geneva Boucher Foundation, Hodler tsis yog tsuas yog qhia txog kev ua cim, tab sis kuj tseem kawm hauv Egyptian art. Txhawm rau pom "Four Apostles" los ntawm Albrecht Dürer, nws mus rau Munich thiab mus xyuas Pinakothek.

Txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib luag hauv kev ua yeeb yam

Nyob rau hauv lub 80s, tus kws kos duab los tsim nws tus kheej txoj kev xav, uas tau nqis mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm painting raws li ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus kos duab nouveau. Nws hu ua parallelism. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev xav no yog dab tsi? Txhawm rau hais txog lub voj voog nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej, Hodler rov hais dua cov duab thiab toj roob hauv pes symmetrically. Nws ntseeg tias qhov no qhia txog kev nthuav tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm. Repetitions pab kom raus koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov zajlus ntawm daim duab, thaum xav txog nws.

Nyob rau xyoo 1889, cov duab "Hmo ntuj" los ntawm Ferdinand Hodler tau tshwm sim, uas tau los ua thawj tus piv txwv ntawm tus kws kos duab sib luag, thawj qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws muaj qhov rov ua dua ntawm daim ntawv thiab xim, ua tsaug uas Hodler tau hais txog lub cim thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntaub. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm "Autumn Salon" ntawm Geneva exhibition ntawm Rath Tsev khaws puav pheej, cov duab raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia. Lub motif yog ib qho kev ua phem rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm Hmo Ntuj los ntawm Ferdinand Hodler. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tsis yog txhua tus txaus siab rau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb no.

Qhov no tau ua raws li kev tawm tsam pej xeem los ntawm tus kws kos duab thiab nthuav tawm cov duab kos duab los ntawm nws hauv Geneva Xaiv Tsa Palace, thiab tom qab ntawd mus ncigrau Paris thiab exhibition "Hmo ntuj" ntawm Salon ntawm Pierre Pouvy de Chavannes ntawm Champ de Mars.

Tib lub xyoo, Hodler tau koom nrog Paris World Expo qhov twg nws tau txais nws thawj qhov khoom plig txawv teb chaws rau qhov thib ob ntawm Schwingerumzug thiab ua kev zoo siab rau nws thawj qhov kev vam meej thoob ntiaj teb.

Hauv Paris, nws koom nrog Rosicrucians, thiab hauv "Salon ntawm Rosy Cross" nthuav tawm nws cov duab "Zoo siab", sau rau xyoo 1892. Hauv nws, tus kws kos duab lees paub tias nws tawg nrog naturalism.

Rhythmic harmony hauv Hodler's paintings

Cov haujlwm hauv qab no uas coj kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb yog cov haujlwm ntawm Ferdinand Hodler: "Tus Xaiv Ib" (1893-1894), "Cov Poj Niam" (1895), "Eurythmy" (1895). Nyob rau hauv cov duab no, Hodler qhia tsis yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev kos duab thiab Vajtswv, uas Rosicrucians aspired mus, tab sis pantheistic kev sib koom ua ke ntawm xwm thiab txiv neej, uas sib xws rau nws artistic thiab life-philosophical zoo tagnrho.

Cov cim thiab toj roob hauv pes ntawm nws cov duab kos tau pib piav txog txoj hmoo, piv txwv li, cov xim daj thiab daj daj ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes ib puag ncig, uas qhia txog cov neeg laus hauv lub tsho dawb nrog lub ntsej muag pom kev nyuaj siab.

Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1895, ntau yam haujlwm tau sau tseg rau qhov tsis tiav "Cov Poj Niam Eurythmy". Ntawm 7th International Art Exhibition hauv Munich, Hodler tau txais 1st Class Gold Medal for Night and Eurythmy.

Kev tsim ua haujlwm

Hodler koom nrog xyoo 1896nyob rau hauv kev sib tw, thiab yeej qhov kev sib tw los kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv ntawm Palace of Fine Arts ntawm Swiss National Exhibition. Kev tua ntawm 27 daim duab nrog cov tub rog hauv cov khaub ncaws keeb kwm (1895/96) ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv xovxwm.

Lub xyoo tom ntej, Ferdinand Hodler yeej qhov kev sib tw rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Landesmuseum hauv Zurich: "Lub Retreat ntawm Swiss los ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Marignano" (1896-1900), thiab tau txais thawj qhov khoom plig rau nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 3,000 Swiss francs. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm rau sketches rau cov lus dab neeg ntawm "William Qhia" - Ameslikas tsim rau sab nrauv facade ntawm lub National Tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab ua ob daim ntawv loj loj tsim rau lub Zurich Kunstgesellschaft, uas tom qab ntawd nws tau tsim rau hauv "Npaj" thiab "Poetry".

Portrait painting

Cov tswv yim ntawm kev kos duab dav hlau zoo nkauj Ferdinand Hodler tau coj los ua duab. Nws nyiam piav txog tib neeg nyob hauv kev sib cais sab nraud ntawm lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw. Nws tus phab ej yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb lossis lub xeev. Nws ntes tau ib lub sijhawm uas tsis xav tau kev txhais lus, tab sis muaj qhov txaus siab txaus siab. Kev saib xyuas tau kos rau cov yam ntxwv spatial thiab xim ntawm daim ntaub.

Ntau tshaj li ib puas tus kheej-portraits tau pleev xim rau lub neej ntawm tus kws kos duab. Qhov no qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev saib xyuas hauv Hodler txoj haujlwm thiab tso cai rau peb taug qab nws qhov kev hloov pauv zoo nkauj.

Exhibition of paintings by Hodler

Nyob ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm Vienna Secession, Karl Reininghaus, tus neeg pabcuam Austrian thiab tus neeg sau khoom, tau txais ntau yampaintings los ntawm Hodler, thiab thaum hmo ntuj tig tus kws kos duab mus rau hauv ib tug millionaire. Tom qab xyoo 1900, cov tuam tsev kos duab German tau nce siab rau Hodler. Deutscher Künstlerbund nyob hauv tus kws kos duab ntawm 1905 Berlin Exhibition. Qhov no tau ua raws li kev cais tawm ntxiv hauv Munich thiab Berlin. Cov koom haum German kos duab thiab kev lag luam kos duab tau hnov txog Hodler thiab tau teeb tsa ntau pab pawg thiab solo exhibitions ntawm tus kws kos duab ua haujlwm ntawm 1907 thiab 1914. Cov kev nthuav qhia nthuav tawm cov duab nto moo los ntawm Ferdinand Hodler "Hnub" thiab "Hmo ntuj", uas yog cov cim thiab kev sib luag, kev sib dhos thiab sib luag hauv nws daim ntawv purest.

Kev sib tham txog kev nthuav qhia ntawm German xov xwm ua rau Hodler cov duab paub rau cov pej xeem. Tus kws kos duab tau txais kev txiav txim los ntawm German cov neeg muag khoom kos duab thiab cov neeg sau khoom, German tsev cia puav pheej tau txais nws cov duab kos.

Xiav nrog daj thiab dhau lub qab ntug - lub ntuj kaj ci ntsa iab infinity.

Gesture of a round dance - lub suab "d" - ntiaj teb, tsev, tiv thaiv rog, fundamentals ntawm tib neeg.

Blue dresses - rau lub cev puag - nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag ntawm lub choir ntawm synchronized txav.

Lub suab ntawm eurythmy - lub pulsation ntawm lub ntiaj teb - tus ntsuj plig tsis muaj ciam teb ntawm lub qab ntug hauv kev ntshaw.

"D-Eurythmy" los ntawm Ulex von Lu

Kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub ntawm Hodler tham txog tus kws kos duab ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Cov neeg thuam ntawm kev kos duab niaj hnub tau hnov qhov kev nyiam rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj, kev rov ua dua tshiab, cov qauv zoo nkauj, thiab xaiv cov xim. Monumental painting ntawm FerdinandHodler, uas yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov cheeb tsam loj thiab meej contours thiab impressed nrog cov nyhuv ntawm kev ncua deb, aroused zoo txaus siab rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub koob npe nrov raws li ib tug neeg pleev kob ntawm lub monumental style yog commissions rau loj-scale frescoes rau Friedrich Schiller University nyob rau hauv Jena nyob rau hauv 1907, thiab rau lub nroog Hall nyob rau hauv Hannover nyob rau hauv 1911.

Xyoo 1911, Hodler tau ua ntau daim duab kos duab thiab kos duab rau daim duab loj "Kev xav". Nws tswj los tsim cov duab uas nyob ze rau nws tus cwj pwm muaj tswv yim. Painting los ntawm Ferdinand Hodler Kev xav hauv daim duab hauv qab no hauv kab lus.

Cov neeg sau khoom xws li tus muam thiab kwv tij Gertrude thiab Josef Müller, Willy Russ-Young thiab Arthur Hahnloser txhawb nqa Hodler nrog lawv cov kev yuav khoom thiab xaj.

Leopold Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Austria

Txij li Hodler qhov kev vam meej ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes hauv 1904, Leopold Tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav qhia qhov kev rov qab zoo tshaj plaws rau hnub tim Ferdinand Hodler (1853-1918) hauv Austria. Raws li ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm Symbolism thiab Art Nouveau, ib tug pioneer ntawm Expressionism thiab, tsis tsawg kawg, ib tug tshiab monumental painting, Hodler yog ib qho tseem ceeb catalyst rau ntau Viennese Modernist artists xws li Gustav Klimt thiab Koloman Moser, as Well as Oskar Kokoschka thiab Egon Schiele..

Lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj peb lub ntsiab Hodler:

• toj roob hauv pes xws li plein air painting mus abstraction;
• portraits tsom rau poj niam portraits, self-portraits, haunting tej hauj lwm uas nrog Hodler tus hlub tuag ValentinaGoda-Darel;
• nws cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab kos duab.

Ferdinand Hodler tuag xyoo 1918 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 65 xyoos. Hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej thiab cov neeg sau khoom, tus naj npawb ntawm nws cov duab kos duab, kos duab kos duab, kos duab thiab kos duab tau tshaj 2000.