Pit Mondrian, tus kws kos duab: luv luv biography thiab nthuav tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Tus kws kos duab zoo ib txwm tawm hauv qab cov duab kos tsis yog tsuas yog muaj lub ntsiab lus xwb, tab sis kuj nrog cov lus tsis sib xws. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias nws yog ib tug abstract painting. Kab lus no muab cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Piet Mondrian, cov duab kos nrog lub npe thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv.

Tus kws kos duab Mondrian: thaum yau

Pete yug hauv Netherlands, hauv lub nroog me me hu ua Amersfoort. Feem ntau, thawj zaug, tus tub lub npe yog Peter Cornelis Mondrian. Nws yog tom qab, kom yooj yim "assimilation" lub npe ntawm tus tshiab artist los ntawm pej xeem, Mondrian pib kos npe ua Piet.

Nws txiv yog ib tug xibhwb thiab tom qab ntawd los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv me. Tsev neeg tau mob siab rau, thiab nws yog los ntawm nws txiv uas Pete tau kawm xws li kev ua siab ntev, kev rau siab, kev rau siab thiab kev coj ncaj ncees. Txawm hais tias nws muaj koob meej, tus kws kos duab khaws cov yam ntxwv no tom qab ib ntus.

Tom qab kawm ntawv tiav, Mondrian tawm mus rau Amsterdam.

Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev muaj tswv yim

Nkag mus rau xyoo 1892 ntawm Academy of Arts, uas nyob hauv Amsterdam, Mondrian plunges headlong rau hauv kev tsim duab kos duab. Ib tug ntawm nws cov xib fwb yogOpost Allebe, uas Pete muaj kev hwm thiab kev hwm rau.

Los ntawm 1895, nws pib kawm thaum yav tsaus ntuj, vim tias qhov xwm txheej nyiaj txiag yuam nws pleev xim duab lossis luam cov duab nto moo rau kev nthuav qhia thaum nruab hnub. Feem ntau tus kws kos duab Piet Mondrian (nws ib puag ncig twb paub nws nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawd) tawm mus sau sketches qhov chaw ntawm tus dej ntug dej, sab nraum lub nroog. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo paintings ntawm lub sij hawm no yog "Lub Zeb ntawm lub ntug dej ntawm tus dej". Thawj thawj zaug no canvas tau nthuav tawm ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Niaj Hnub Nyoog Art hauv New York. Thiab thawj zaug nws tau "tshaj tawm" rau lub tswv yim bohemia uas tus kws kos duab Piet Mondrian tau tshwm sim. Daim duab ntawm tus tswv yog muab hauv qab no.

Xibhwb thiab cawv

Tus kws kos duab Mondrian pib qhia hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv me me rau cov menyuam yaus, uas coj nws, txawm tias me me, tab sis nyiaj txiag ruaj khov. Tib lub sijhawm yog cim los ntawm kev tsim ntawm tus kws kos duab, ua tus neeg pleev kob zoo nkauj heev, sau rau hauv lub siab ntawm kev xav.

Txawm tias thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tus kws kos duab Piet Mondrian tau ntsib Albert Bril, tus pib hauv nws txoj kev kawm, uas yog tus coj ntawm theosophy. Nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm yav tas los, tus kws kos duab pib lub sijhawm ntawm kev mob siab rau mysticism, esotericism thiab kev ntseeg tsis yog canonical. Kaum xyoo tom qab, Pete yuav koom nrog Dutch Theosophical Society. Tau kawg, zoo li menyuam yaus txoj kev kawm kev cai dab qhuas, kev nyiam ua tshiab yuav cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov haujlwm tom ntej ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Tom qab nws nyob hauv Amsterdam, xyoo 1911, nws tau mus xyuas qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm "cubists", tau nyiam heev rau "cubism" thiabKuv txawm sim kuv tus kheej li no. Mondrian tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam ua haujlwm ntawm Picasso. Pete tsiv mus rau Paris, ua haujlwm hauv ib lub rooj cob qhia thiab sim tsis txhob nco nws cov npoj yaig. Yog tias peb tham txog lub sijhawm ntawm kev mob siab rau "cubism", ces peb tuaj yeem hu rau daim duab "Apple Tree in Bloom".

Ua ib tus kws kos duab

Piet Mondrian pib mus ncig teb chaws Europe ntau heev - rau cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm. Kuv mus xyuas Spain, ces pib mus ncig Holland. Nyob hauv lub zos me me ntawm Uden, hauv xeev Brabant.

Hauv qab no yuav muab qee cov duab nrog cov npe thiab cov lus piav qhia. Piet Mondrian maj mam tau txais lub zog raws li tus kws qhia ntawv, txawm hais tias, tau kawg, nws tseem tab tom nrhiav rau cov qauv uas nws xav ua haujlwm. Cov kws tshaj lij tau sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov xim muaj zog heev, thiab cov phiaj xwm ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.

Piv txwv:

• " toj roob hauv pes"
• "Farm ntawm Nistelrode".
• "Roob Huab".
• "Hloov ze Ole."
• "Westkapelle Lighthouse".
• "Dune V".
• " tsob ntoo nyiaj".

Kev lees paub thiab kev thuam ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub

Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib tab tom tshwm sim, tus kws kos duab Piet Mondrian tau siv nws lub sijhawm nyob hauv tsev, hauv Netherlands. Nyob rau hauv 1915, ua ke nrog tus kws kos duab Theo van Doesburg, uas nws nyob ze heev nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, nws nrhiav tau lub zog ntawm cov artist "Style", thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub magazine ntawm tib lub npe, nyob rau hauv uas nws qhia nws views ntawm lub artistic creativity ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Cov neeg thuam thiab cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm tus kws kos duab Mondrian ntseeg qhov ntawdnws yog cov ntawv xov xwm no uas tau los ua ib hom platform rau kev txhim kho cov kev xav ntawm neoplasticism. Cov style no yog ua raws li kev xav tsis thoob, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kws kos duab lub xeev sab hauv lossis qee qhov kev xav, nrog rau cov xim lossis cov duab zoo nkauj, yog nws cov duab geometric, kab, thiab lwm yam.

Style and direction

Mondrian pleev xim rau nws cov duab kos raws li lub tswv yim, uas cov kws tshaj lij hu ua "ntxiv lossis rho tawm". Ntawd yog, yog tias peb txiav txim siab tus kws kos duab lub canvases nkaus xwb los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov ntawv dab tsi tau piav qhia nyob rau ntawd, tab sis koj tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov kev sib tshuam kab rov tav thiab ntsug - "ntxiv lossis rho tawm". Tus kws kos duab tau hais kom tso tseg cov ntaub ntawv ntuj tsim, ntseeg tias tsuas yog abstraction xwb thiaj li qhia tau txhua yam uas tshwm sim hauv tib neeg tus ntsuj plig.

Tsis tas li, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm tus kws kos duab tau sau tseg tias "txiv neej thiab poj niam" muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo hauv nws cov duab. Twisted kauv duab, sib npaug daim duab ntawm dej hiav txwv - tag nrho cov no yog hais txog poj niam, thaum lub teeb ci ntsa iab, phab ntsa, ntsug rays - rau txiv neej. Piv txwv li, daim duab "Mole thiab Dej Hiav Txwv" yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm poj niam smoothness nrog txiv neej sharpness.

Txawm hais tias thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, Mondrian twb yeej "qhov chaw nyob hauv lub hnub" hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim zoo nkauj, nws tseem muab cov kev sim tiag tiag nrog cov xim, daim ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws. paintings. Nyob rau hauv 1918, tag nrho series ntawm canvases tau pleev xim rau, qhov twg lub ntsiab daim duab yog ib tug rhombus. Piv txwv li: "Composition. Rhombus nrog cov kab grey" lossis "Composition. Npaj cov xim teeb nrog cov kab grey".

Ob xyoos tom qab, tus kws kos duab Mondrian tau nthuav tawm nws cov kev xav txog kev kos duab niaj hnub no thiab ntawm kev muaj tswv yim zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb, hauv nws txoj haujlwm hu ua "Natural Reality thiab Abstract Reality" (tom qab ntawd cov haujlwm no tau tshaj tawm hauv qab lub npe "Neoplasticism. "). Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, tus kws kos duab kuj tau muab nws faib cov xim, cov duab thiab lwm yam, los ntawm cov duab uas tau tsim. Nws faib cov xim rau hauv: "thawj" - liab, xiav, daj thiab "tsis yog xim" - dub, grey, dawb. Nws kuj tau sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm "kev tawm tsam ntawm kab rov tav thiab ntsug", "kev tawm tsam ntawm qhov ntev". Nws yog ib txoj haujlwm theoretical zoo ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Xyoo caum tom ntej thiab ib nrab, Mondrian ua haujlwm hnyav, tsim ntau tshaj xya caum daim duab. Cov phiaj xwm hauv cov duab kos yog xa nrog kev pab ntawm kab txaij, feem ntau tsaus nti. Lawv txwv cov "thaj chaw" ntawm lub canvases, uas qhia txog kev xav lossis lub xeev. Cov piv txwv zoo heev ntawm cov duab kos los ntawm lub sijhawm no yog: "Kev sib xyaw nrog cov xim liab, daj thiab xiav", "Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim dawb thiab xim dub" lossis "Kev sib xyaw 1 nrog cov kab dub". Xyoo 1932, tus kws kos duab kos duab rau ntawm daim duab kos duab ob kab uas hla tag nrho cov canvas saum toj ntawm daim duab. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no: "Composition B nrog grey thiab daj".

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov thirties, ib tug painting tshwm sim uas tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no ntawm cov artist Piet Mondrian txoj hauj lwm. Qhov no yog "Composition nrog daj"Lub peculiarity ntawm daim duab no yog hais tias nyob rau hauv nws plaub kab txaij dav, ntawm cov xim sib txawv, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, hla lub rhombus - lub ntsiab daim duab ntawm daim ntaub. Nrog rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke no, tus kws kos duab yuav koom nrog kaum xyoo tom ntej.

Tom qab Mondrian ua tiav ntau cov duab kos nrog cov squares, cov duab kos nrog "daim phiaj" pib - cov no yog cov duab kos nrog cov kab sib tshuam heev, nyob hauv ob qho tib si ntsug thiab kab rov tav. Piv txwv li, "Composition II nrog liab thiab xiav".

Txiv mus rau USA thiab tuag

Xyoo 1938, lub Cuaj Hlis, tus kws kos duab Piet Mondrian tawm mus rau Askiv, rau London. Nyob ntawd nws ua haujlwm ntawm "Trafalgar Square" - qhov no yog ib daim ntaub loj heev, nrog rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov duab, kab txaij thiab xim, thiab tseem sau "Concorde Square". Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm kev foob pob ntawm London los ntawm lub dav hlau fascist, tus kws kos duab tawm mus rau Amelikas, qhov chaw nws tseem ua haujlwm rau cov duab kos. Nws tau txais kev sov siab heev, thiab nws npaj ntau qhov yeeb yam ntawm nws txoj haujlwm rau cov neeg paub txog New York. Cov ntawv xov xwm hu ua Mondrian "ib qho ntawm cov neeg tawg rog loj tshaj plaws los ntawm Tebchaws Europe." Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tus kws kos duab hloov pauv rau nws cov duab kos duab - nws pib ntxiv cov kab xim rau "lattices" hla lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntaub.

Ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab loj ntawm lub sijhawm no yog: "Broadway boogie-woogie" thiab "Boogie-woogie yeej". Nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, thawj biography twb luam tawm: "Tus Artist Mondrian", thiab yog li thawj.sau cov ntawv sau los ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Hnub Lub Ob Hlis 1, 1944, tus kws kos duab tuag, tau mob ntsws rau hnub ua ntej. Nws raug faus rau hauv New York, ntawm Cypress Hills Cemetery.

Followers

Tus kws kos duab Dutch cuam tshuam tag nrho cov duab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Ua ke nrog Malevich thiab Kandinsky, nws yog ib qho ntawm peb tus kws ua yeeb yam uas tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev kos duab kos duab.

Mondrian's style tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau tus kws kos duab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum ua ib qho classic ntawm kev kos duab kos duab thiab raug coj los ua tus qauv. Mondrian cov duab kos tau dav siv tam sim no - hauv décor, hauv cov ntsiab lus sab hauv, hauv kev tsim ib yam dab tsi. Tus kws kos duab yeej ib txwm muaj ntau tus neeg ua raws thiab qhuas, vim hais tias xws li ib tug neeg zoo li Piet Mondrian tsis tuaj yeem nyiam, nws cov duab thiab cov ntawv sau txog keeb kwm dhau los ua ib qho kev xav ntawm "tig ntawm lub xyoo pua" thiab cov tshiab, nees nkaum xyoo pua, ci heev.

Ntawm paintings

"Broadway Boogie Woogie".

Daim duab no tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1943, twb nyob hauv teb chaws USA, tsis ntev ua ntej tus kws kos duab tuag. Nws tau dhau los ua ib qho haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm kawg ntawm Mondrian txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim. Qhov ntev ntawm daim duab no yog 127 x 127 cm, cov khoom siv yog canvas, pleev xim rau hauv roj thiab enamel. Tam sim no lub canvas tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Niaj hnub nimno Art, uas nyob hauv New York.

"Dune saib nrog puam thiab pier" (saib daim duab hauv qab).

Cov duab kos tau tsim hauv xyoo 1909, thaum Mondrian nyuam qhuav pib nws txoj haujlwm ci ntsa iab ua ib tus kws kos duab. Nws yog sau rau ntawm daim duab los qhia, nrog kev pab ntawm cov roj thiab xaum. Tam sim no daim duab no tso rau hauv New York Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Niaj Hnub No Art.

Nco txog tus kws kos duab

Piet Mondrian lub npe nto moo yuav luag tam sim tom qab nws tuag. Posthumous exhibitions ntawm tus kws kos duab tau tuav: nyob rau hauv 1945 - nyob rau hauv lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Niaj hnub nimno Art nyob rau hauv New York, nyob rau hauv 1946 - nyob rau hauv Stedelijk Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv Amsterdam, nyob rau hauv 1947 - nyob rau hauv lub Art Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv Basel, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1969 nyob rau hauv Paris. Tsev khaws puav pheej Orangie.

Hnub no, feem ntau ntawm cov kws kos duab ua haujlwm tau khaws cia hauv Municipal Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Hague, hauv Stedelijk Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Amsterdam, thiab tseem nyob hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Niaj Hnub Nyoog Art hauv New York. Nyob rau hauv lub nineties ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, cov paintings ntawm Piet Mondrian raug coj mus rau Russia, thiab exhibitions nyob rau hauv lub loj tshaj plaws lub zos: "Pit Mondrian. Abstractionism." Cov duab nrog lub npe tau pom nyob rau hauv 1996: hauv Hermitage thiab hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts. Alexandra Pushkin

Npaj qhov tseeb

Ntawm no yog qee yam ntawm lawv:

• Ib qho ntawm cov lus programming (Piet), muaj npe tom qab tus kws kos duab Mondrian. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tias cov kev zov me nyuam sau ua hom lus no zoo ib yam li kev paub daws teeb meem.
• Hauv St. Petersburg, ib lub tsev tau pleev xim rau hauv cov style ntawm ib qho ntawm Piet Mondrian cov duab kos duab, uas yog, Cov Xim Liab, Daj, Xiav thiab Dub. Xyoo 2013, lub tsev raug rhuav tshem thiab tsis muaj qhov kev sim no ntxiv lawm.
• Mondrian txoj haujlwm tshwm sim hauv British TV series hu ua Virtuosi. Nyob ntawd, ib pawg tub sab nyiag ib qho ntawm Mondrian cov duab kos duab los ntawm lub tsev kos duab thiab tom qab ntawd hloov nws.cuav, dhau los ua ib daim duab tsis paub txog "thaum ntxov Mondrian". Nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, xws li ib daim duab raws li qhia nyob rau hauv lub series yeej tsis muaj.
• Nyob rau hauv Khimki ze Moscow, nyob rau hauv "Lub nroog ntawm Embankments", tag nrho cov neeg taug kev hla yog ua nyob rau hauv lub Mondrian style.
• Cov phab ntsa ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tau pleev xim rau hauv cov qauv ntawm Mondrian ntawm Rumyantsevo metro chaw nres tsheb ntawm Moscow Metro.

Nyob hauv kaw

Tus phab ej ntawm kab lus no yog tus kws kos duab Mondrian, uas nws cov keeb kwm luv luv tau nthuav tawm saum toj no. Nws paintings, deb ntawm canonized classicism, txuas ntxiv excite lub siab thiab amaze lub tswv yim. Tsim los ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ob lub sijhawm, tus tswv tau pom tias lub sijhawm tshiab ib txwm xav tau txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev qhia koj tus kheej.