2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua cuaj thiab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab hauv kev kos duab, dawb los ntawm cov qauv nthuav dav kis ntawm qhov tseeb. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv lub siab ntawm ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob sab Europe coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tshiab thiab kev sib raug zoo. Cov lus dab neeg tau cog lus tias kos duab yuav tsum tig (thiab yuav tsum tig) lub ntiaj teb. Ib qho ntawm thawj nqos yog futurism. futurism yog dab tsi? Literally futurum - "yav tom ntej".
Tus tsim ntawm kev txav yog Milanese kws sau paj huam F. Marinetti, cov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev pleev xim yog U. Boccioni, D. Balla, D. Severini. Keeb kwm ntawm futurism pib nyob rau hauv 1909: Marinetti luam tawm thawj manifesto nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis magazine Le Figaro, nyob rau hauv uas nws hu ua pov tseg tag nrho cov yav dhau los kab lis kev cai muaj nuj nqis mus rau hauv lub dustbin ntawm keeb kwm thiab, raws li qhov tseeb technical achievements, tsim hom. ntawm ib tug neeg ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej. Tsis ntev cov kws ua yeeb yam kuj tau tshaj tawm lawv cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Tom qab ntawdmuaj ntau yam manifestos, thiab lawv sawv daws tau hu kom tso tseg yav dhau los nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm kev mus tom ntej.
Hmoov tsis zoo, futurism tsis txwv rau kev kos duab: nws tau ua nom ua tswv dhau los thiab dhau los, thiab txawv los ntawm kev hnyav thiab radicalism. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj kev xav tsis thoob: qee cov tswvcuab ntawm kev txav mus deb ntawm pawg, thaum lwm tus tsim lawv tus kheej pawg nom tswv hauv xyoo kaum yim, uas sai sai poob rau hauv tus chij ntawm Mussolini.
Futurism hauv kev kos duab yog cov kab tawg, cov xim ntse sib txawv, cov lus hais tsis sib xws, cov qauv tsis tiav, muaj cov qauv hauv nroog thiab kev ua haujlwm. Yog hais tias cov thawj ntawm avant-garde, cov Impressionists, nyob rau hauv lub forefront ntawm kev tshawb fawb rau ib tug tshiab daim ntawv, tam sim no daim ntawv ploj mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau, tej canons raug tsis lees paub, tsuas yog tus kws kos duab tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tsis tsuas yog Futurism tau txawv ntawm qhov no, hais tias xws li tus cwj pwm ntawm kev muaj tswv yim kuj yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lwm yam avant-garde txav: cubism, abstractionism, expressionism, surrealism, Dadaism. Lub tswv yim ntawm avant-garde yog tsom rau kev muaj tswv yim ntawm tus kheej ntawm tus kheej, ntawm kev tawm tsam nws mus rau qhov tsis muaj tus kheej, suav nrog kev coj noj coj ua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tswv yim sau ntawm cov dej ntws sib txawv: yog tias futurism, qhov tseeb, thov rau kev ua phem, ces kev nthuav tawm (tawm tsam fascist Pablo Picasso thiab lwm tus), ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nthuav tawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam kev ua phem uas tau cuam tshuam lub ntiaj teb. los ntawm torn thiab tawg kab.
Nyob rau hauv Russia, hom ntawv no coj cov hauv paus zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev sau ntawv, yeej lub siab ntawm ntau tus kws sau paj huam ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hloov pauv,ib qho overabundance hauv cov ntawv ntawm kev sib txuas thiab cov cim, qee zaum tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus. Khlebnikov suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab ncej ntawm Lavxias teb sab futurism. Pasternak, Mandelstam muaj cov laj thawj sib xws, txawm tias hauv Yesenin cov ntawv lig muaj futurism. Piv txwv li, "Tus Txiv Neej Dub" yog dab tsi? Cov style yog obviously tsis classic.
Ib tug ntawm cov futurists zoo sib xws yog Mayakovsky. "Lub Huab Hauv Lub Khaub Ncaws" yog ib qho txuj ci ntawm ib hom ntawv ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv thiab sab ntsuj plig, thiab tus kws sau paj huam tseem muaj tseeb rau nws txoj kev txiav mus txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej.
Futurists txaus siab txais tos Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig. Tab sis qhov kev xav no tsis yog kev sib nrig sib, txij li lub zog proletarian tau coj los ntawm cov neeg nrog lub hnab ntim khoom loj. Tshwj xeeb, Lenin, hauv nws cov lus hais rau Komsomol cov tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Sab Laj Thib Peb, tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam kab lis kev cai thiab hais txog futurism, tias cov kos duab zoo li no tsis nkag siab rau nws.
Futurism raws li kev kos duab txav tau tsuas yog ob peb xyoo lawm. Tiamsis nws tus ntsuj plig dim lawm. Lub hi-tech style, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsib caug nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm science ntawv tseeb cov ntaub ntawv thiab yog tseem nrov nyob rau hauv architecture thiab tsim, yog tseem tseem zoo tib yam futurism, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab puag ncig. Nws tsis muaj kev xav txog kev nom kev tswv thiab radicalism feem ntau, tab sis tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm futurism nws cov ntsiab lus zoo: saib mus rau yav tom ntej thiab kev ntseeg hauv kev vam meej, nyob rau hauv qhov kawg yeej ntawm qhov laj thawj ntawm kev saib xyuas.
Pom zoo:
Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nthuav qhia rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Daim ntawv teev cov phau ntawv nthuav: fantasy, detectives thiab lwm yam
Zaj lus yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog uas xav npaj lawv lub sijhawm so los ntawm kev nyeem cov duab kos duab. Cov npe ntawm cov phau ntawv nthuav dav suav nrog cov menyuam yaus cov dab neeg, cov dab neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj, cov dab neeg tshawb nrhiav, kev npau suav, qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav zoo siab txawm tias cov neeg nyeem zoo tshaj plaws
Ntawm Ukrainian kws sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj huam. Daim ntawv teev cov neeg sau ntawv Ukrainian niaj hnub
Ukrainian cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntev heev kom mus txog qib uas muaj nyob rau tam sim no. Cov kws sau ntawv Ukrainian tau pab txhawb thoob plaws lub sijhawm los ntawm xyoo pua 18th hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Prokopovich thiab Hrushevsky rau cov neeg sau ntawv niaj hnub xws li Shkliar thiab Andrukhovych
Nobel nqi zog yeej hauv Cov Ntawv Sau: npe. Cov yeej ntawm Nobel nqi zog hauv Cov Ntawv Sau los ntawm USSR thiab Russia
Tus nqi zog Nobel tau tsim thiab muaj npe tom qab Swedish industrialist, inventor thiab chemical engineer Alfred Nobel. Nws suav hais tias yog lub koob meej tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Laureates tau txais ib qho khoom plig kub, uas qhia txog AB Nobel, daim ntawv pov thawj, nrog rau daim tshev nyiaj ntau. Qhov kawg yog ua los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau txais los ntawm Nobel Foundation
Daim ntawv teev cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws (cov phau ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws detective phau ntawv: ib daim ntawv teev. Detectives: ib daim ntawv teev cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws
Cov kab lus sau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov kws sau ntawv ntawm hom kev ua txhaum cai, uas nws cov haujlwm yuav tsis tso tseg tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm tus kiv cua ntawm kev ua yeeb yam
Hoffmann: ua haujlwm, ua tiav daim ntawv teev npe, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov phau ntawv, cov ntawv luv luv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav hauv lub neej
Hoffmann cov haujlwm yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev nyiam romantic hauv German style. Nws feem ntau yog ib tug kws sau ntawv, tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj yog ib tug tshuab raj thiab artist. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov neeg niaj hnub tsis nkag siab txog nws tej hauj lwm, tab sis lwm tus neeg sau ntawv tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Hoffmann, piv txwv li, Dostoevsky, Balzac thiab lwm tus
