Dab tsi yog acrostics? Keeb kwm thiab typology

2024 Tus sau: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 05:37

Hnub no rau cov kws sau paj huam muaj kev xaiv loj ntawm cov ntawv sau paj huam uas lawv tuaj yeem tsim lawv cov masterpieces. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog acrostic, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov ntawm cov kws sau paj lug ntawm lub hnub nyoog nyiaj. Acrostics tau sau los ntawm Valery Bryusov, Anna Akhmatova, Nikolai Gumilyov thiab txawm Sergei Yesenin. Thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, ntau lwm tus kws sau paj huam tau sim lawv txhais tes ntawm kev sau ntawv acrostics.

Dab tsi yog acrostics

Lo lus "acrostic" los ntawm Greek lus thiab txhais tau tias "kab lus". Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov Slavs muaj lawv tus kheej lo lus rau lub tswv yim no - ntug stitching.

Raws li txoj cai, cov ntawv nyeem uas muaj lub ntsiab lus tau suav tias yog acrostic, los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thawj zaug ntawm txhua kab uas nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib lo lus, kab lus lossis kab lus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov Greeks tseem suav tias yog cov ntawv zoo tib yam uas tsis muaj lus sib dhos li acrostics.

Acrostics hauv Ancient Rome thiab Medieval Europe

Tau paub tias acrostics yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog keeb kwm luv luv ntawm lawv cov tsos thiab kev faib tawm.

Tus tsim ntawm daim ntawv paj huam no yog Epicharmus, kws sau paj huam thiab ua yeeb yam ntawm Greek thaum ub. Nws yog nrog nws txhais tes lub teeb uas daim ntawv poetic no tshwm sim.

Ib me ntsis tom qab, hom paj huam no tau nthuav dav hauv Roman faj tim teb chaws. Thaum qiv ntau yam kev coj noj coj ua los ntawm Greeks, cov neeg Loos kuj tau pib siv acrostics ntau zaus. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog ib tug acrostic nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm ib co patron ntawm tus kws sau paj lug los yog nws tus hlub zoo nkauj. Qee lub sij hawm Roman kws sau paj lug ciphered cov lus qhia rau hauv riddles hauv lawv cov paj huam. Feem ntau, sau acrostics tsuas yog ib qho kev tawm dag zog rau tus kws sau paj huam.

Ib qho ntawm cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm hom no yog txuam nrog kev sib kis ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Roman faj tim teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, thaum xub thawj sab nraum txoj cai, cov ntseeg, thiaj li yuav paub ib leeg, tsim ib tug acrostic mob siab rau lo lus "Yexus".

Txoj haujlwm no muaj ntau dua rau cov kab mob ntawm acrostic - acrotelestic.

Nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv yog tib txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, acrostics tsis poob lawv cov koob meej. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no lawv tau sau ntau zaus tsis yog los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam, tab sis los ntawm cov neeg teev ntuj uas tau coj lub suab. Thaum sau cov paj huam rau Vajtswv, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus hauv phau npaiv npaum, cov txiv plig feem ntau " zais" lawv cov npe lossis cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas nkag siab cov lus no hauv lawv.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv secular, cov acrostic kuj tau siv ntau zaus. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cipher vim muaj kev txwv ntau ntxiv los ntawm pawg ntseeg. Muaj ntau tus neeg txawj xav thiab cov kws tshawb fawb nrog kev pab ntawm acrostics koom nrog ib leegcais cov ntaub ntawv los yog thuam cov tub ceev xwm.

Yuav ua li cas rau cov acrostics ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog mob siab rau leej twg? Feem ntau rau cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Ntau tus kws sau paj huam uas muaj peev xwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, txhawm rau kom muaj tus thawj saib xyuas muaj zog, mob siab rau lawv txoj haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus muaj peev xwm sau tau zoo tiag tiag acrostics vim yog cov qauv ntawm cov paj huam thiab qhov xav tau los khaws cov ntsiab lus sib xws hauv nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg nplua nuj tsis yog neeg ruam thiab, txawm hais tias lawv tsis tshua nkag siab txog cov paj huam zoo nkauj, lawv tuaj yeem pom cov nqe lus tsis zoo.

Acrostics nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub lig kaum yim - thaum ntxov nees nkaum centuries

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, lub acrostic tau dav (piv txwv li hauv qab no) ua tsaug rau Archimandrite Herman, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xya. Muaj ib tug zoo poetic txuj ci, lub hieromonk sau paj huam raws li cov psalms ntawm David. Feem ntau hauv nws cov paj huam, nws encrypted nws lub npe. Tsuas yog kaum xya ntawm nws cov paj huam tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm, thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau sau rau hauv cov style ntawm acrostics.

Nyob rau hauv lub kaum yim - thawj ib nrab ntawm lub kaum cuaj centuries, acrostics maj poob lawv lub koob meej, muab txoj kev mus rau lwm yam poetic forms.

Tab sis nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm Nyiaj Hnub nyoog ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam (thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19), nrog rau cov tsos ntawm ntau tus kws sau paj lug zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, lub acrostic tau nrov dua. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov cim kuj tau pab rau qhov no, txij li thaum lub acrostic tau pab ua kom pom "pob" cov cim hauv paj huam.

Anna Akhmatova, Nikolay Gumilyov, Valentin Bryusov thiab ntau lwm tusLwm cov kws sau paj huam ci ntsa iab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau tsim cov duab zoo nkauj, qee zaum muab lawv rau ib leeg lossis sib tw nrog lawv cov kev pab. Valery Bryusov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam ntawm acrostics, uas tau sau ntau acrostics ntawm ntau hom.

Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua nees nkaum thiab niaj hnub no, acrostics tsis yog nrov, tab sis lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm ntawm yuav luag txhua tus kws sau paj huam. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias acrostic yog ib hom kev sib tw - tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog ib tug kws sau paj lug uas txawj txawj hais lus muaj peev xwm sau tau ib tug zoo acrostic. Tsis tas li ntawd, niaj hnub no acrostics feem ntau sau los txiav txim kom muab ib qho khoom plig rau hnub so, thiab qhov kev zoo siab no yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Qee lub sij hawm lawv tsuas yog mob siab rau qee qhov xwm txheej lossis caij nyoog. Yog li ntawd, Anastasia Bogolyubova sau ib tug me me acrostic "Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav".

Tswv Ntuj lub txiaj ntsim, Ntsia thiab qab zib rau lub siab, Txoj kev khiav tawm ntawm txoj kev qias neeg, Ib leeg nrog lub ntuj tsimChords of hav zoov yuav suab.

Type of Acrostics

Tau xam pom tias acrostics yog dab tsi thiab kawm txog lawv keeb kwm, koj tuaj yeem mus rau lawv cov ntawv sau. Hais txog lub hom phiaj ntawm acrostics, muaj peb hom.

1. Acrostic dedication. Cov feem ntau daim ntawv rau tag nrho cov hav zoov ntawm no poetic daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv loj ntawm cov paj huam, raws li txoj cai, lub npe ntawm tus neeg uas ua hauj lwm no tau mob siab rau yog encrypted - ib tug muaj txiaj ntsim, ib tug neeg hlub, los yog ib tug phooj ywg. Acrostic dedications feem ntau tau sau rau ib leeg los ntawm cov kws sau paj huam ntawm Silver Age. Piv txwv li, Nikolai Gumilyov sau ib tug acrostic txog Anna Akhmatova.



2. Acrostic key. Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam no, nyob rau hauv cov ntawv loj, tus yuam sij rau kev nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov hauj lwm yog encrypted. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv riddles. Ib qho piv txwv yog acrostic "Kev phooj ywg" los ntawm Yuri Neledinsky-Meletsky, npaj rau Tsarevich Alexei.



3. Acrostic cipher. Qee lo lus, kab lus lossis ib kab lus tag nrho yog encrypted hauv nws, uas cov neeg txawv txawv yuav tsum tsis txhob pom. Xws li ib qho acrostic tau dhau los ua thoob plaws thaum lub tsev teev ntuj ramant inquisition. Thiab tseem nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm hauv lub tebchaws uas kev censorship tshwj xeeb yog xav tau.

Tseem muaj lwm yam ntawm acrostic. Cov no yog abecedary, mesostich, telestych, acrotelech, acro-construction thiab diagonal acrostic. Txawm hais tias qee zaum txhua tus ntawm lawv yog qhov txawv raws li cais hom poetic daim ntawv. Tam sim no, cov lus nug ntawm seb lawv puas yog cov subtypes ntawm acrostics tseem qhib.

Abetsedarius

Abetsedary - ib qho acrostic sau ua cov ntawv sau. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, txhua lo lus los yog qhov pib ntawm ib stanza pib nrog ib tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim. Lub Abecedary ntawm Valery Bryusov yog dav paub nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.

Telestych

Daim iav analogue ntawm acrostic. Nyob rau hauv nws, lo lus encrypted tsis nyob rau hauv thawj cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm thawj kab ntawm paj huam, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xeem.

Ntau zaus, tsis yog ib tsab ntawv, tag nrho cov suab lossis ib lo lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm ib nqe lus. Daim ntawv poetic no tau nrov heev hauv Romanntaub ntawv.

Acrotelestic

Qhov no subspecies yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm acrostic thiab telestic. Ib lo lus zais lossis kab lus tuaj yeem tsim tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thawj zaug ntawm txhua ntu, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov ntawv kawg. Feem ntau, cov lus pib thiab xaus yog zoo tib yam, txawm tias muaj kev zam. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov paj huam no yog ua haujlwm ntawm Mikhail Bashkeev "Acrotelestic rau IB.".

Mesoverse

Nyob rau hauv hom poetic daim ntawv no, cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm txhua stanza ua ib lo lus. Nqe no tsis nrov heev. Txij li thaum tib neeg feem ntau faib cov paj huam rau hauv stanzas ntawm lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab, thiab tom qab ntawd nws nyuaj heev los nrhiav cov lus zais.

kab pheeb ces kaum Acrostic

Qee lub sij hawm meso-verse thiab kab pheeb ces kaum acrostic tsis meej pem, xav txog lawv tib yam. Lub caij no, cov no yog hom sib txawv kiag li. Hauv kab pheeb ces kaum acrostic, lo lus yog encrypted diagonally, tsis vertically.

Qee zaum hom no tseem hu ua "maze", txij li txawm tias muaj mesoverse, nws yuav tsis yooj yim nrhiav cov lus zais los ntawm kev faib cov kab tsis raug.

Acroconstruction

Acroconstruction muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm acrostic, telestic thiab lwm yam tib lub sijhawm. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, acroconstructions mob siab rau Marina Tsvetaeva thiab Platon Karpovsky yog tsim los ntawm Valentin Zagoryansky. Nws, zoo li tsis muaj leej twg, tswj kom daws tau qhov nyuaj poetic daim ntawv. Hauv qab no yog ib zaj paj huam rau Karpovsky.

Taugrams

Tautograms kuj muaj feem xyuam rau acrostics. Nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, lawv tau ua yuam kev rau acrostics, tab sis qhov no yog kev dag ntxias. Hauv cov paj huam no, txhua lo lus pib nrog ib tsab ntawv. Piv txwv li, Bryusov tus naas ej tautogram paj huam.

Hnub no, tsis yog txhua tus paub tias acrostics (lub ntsiab lus nws tus kheej) yog dab tsi, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj leej twg yuav tsis lees paub yog tias nws ua haujlwm rau nws. Yog tias xav tau, txhua tus tuaj yeem xaj qhov tshwj xeeb nominal acrostic rau lawv tus kheej lossis lawv cov neeg hlub. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus neeg uas muaj peev xwm ua suab paj nruag me ntsis tuaj yeem sim lawv txhais tes ntawm kev sau ntawv acrostics, vim qhov no yog ib qho kev lom zem heev.